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(Created page with "{{HPB-IU-header | volume = 2 | chapter number = 10 | chapter title = The Devil-myth | previous = v.2 ch.9 | next = v.2 ch.11 }} {{Page|473|}} {{Style P-Title level |3|CHAPTER X.}} {{Style P-Quote|“Get thee behind me, Satan” (Jesus to Peter).—{{Style S-Italic|Matt.}} xvi. 23. }} {{Style P-Quote|“Such a deal of skimble-skamble stuff As puts me from my faith. I tell you what— He held me, last night, at least nine hours In reckoning up the several dev...") |
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{{Style P-No indent|clergyman failed to perceive the difference. In his conception of the matter, the denying of the personal objective existence of the Devil was itself “the sin against the Holy Ghost.”}} | {{Style P-No indent|clergyman failed to perceive the difference. In his conception of the matter, the denying of the personal objective existence of the Devil was itself “the sin against the Holy Ghost.”}} | ||
This necessary Evil, dignified by the epithet of “Father of Lies,” was, according to the clergy, the founder of all the world-religions of ancient time, and of the heresies, or rather heterodoxies, of later periods, as well as the {{Style S-Italic|Deus ex Machina}} of modern Spiritualism. In the exceptions which we take to this notion, we protest that we do not attack true religion or sincere piety. We are only carrying on a controversy with human dogmas. Perhaps in doing this we resemble Don Quixote, because these things are only windmills. Nevertheless, let it be remembered that they have been the occasion and pretext for the slaughtering of more than fifty millions of human beings since the words were proclaimed: “Love your enemies.” | This necessary Evil, dignified by the epithet of “Father of Lies,” was, according to the clergy, the founder of all the world-religions of ancient time, and of the heresies, or rather heterodoxies, of later periods, as well as the {{Style S-Italic|Deus ex Machina}} of modern Spiritualism. In the exceptions which we take to this notion, we protest that we do not attack true religion or sincere piety. We are only carrying on a controversy with human dogmas. Perhaps in doing this we resemble Don Quixote, because these things are only windmills. Nevertheless, let it be remembered that they have been the occasion and pretext for the slaughtering of more than fifty millions of human beings since the words were proclaimed: “Love your enemies.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1828}} | ||
It is a late day for us to expect the Christian clergy to undo and amend their work. They have too much at stake. If the Christian Church should abandon or even modify the dogma of an anthropomorphic devil, it would be like pulling the bottom card from under a castle of cards. The structure would fall. The clergymen to whom we have alluded perceived that upon the relinquishing of Satan as a personal devil, the dogma of Jesus Christ as the second deity in their trinity must go over in the same catastrophe. Incredible, or even horrifying, as it may seem, the Roman Church bases its doctrine of the godhood of Christ entirely upon the satanism of the fallen archangel. We have the testimony of Father Ventura, who proclaims the vital importance of this dogma to the Catholics. | It is a late day for us to expect the Christian clergy to undo and amend their work. They have too much at stake. If the Christian Church should abandon or even modify the dogma of an anthropomorphic devil, it would be like pulling the bottom card from under a castle of cards. The structure would fall. The clergymen to whom we have alluded perceived that upon the relinquishing of Satan as a personal devil, the dogma of Jesus Christ as the second deity in their trinity must go over in the same catastrophe. Incredible, or even horrifying, as it may seem, the Roman Church bases its doctrine of the godhood of Christ entirely upon the satanism of the fallen archangel. We have the testimony of Father Ventura, who proclaims the vital importance of this dogma to the Catholics. | ||
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Many zealous and earnest souls have revolted at the monstrous dogma of John Calvin, the popekin of Geneva, that {{Style S-Italic|sin is the necessary cause of the greatest good.}} It was bolstered up, nevertheless, by logic like that of des Mousseaux, and illustrated by the same dogmas. The execution of Jesus, the god-man, on the cross, was the most prodigious crime in the universe, yet it was necessary that mankind—those predestinated to ever- | Many zealous and earnest souls have revolted at the monstrous dogma of John Calvin, the popekin of Geneva, that {{Style S-Italic|sin is the necessary cause of the greatest good.}} It was bolstered up, nevertheless, by logic like that of des Mousseaux, and illustrated by the same dogmas. The execution of Jesus, the god-man, on the cross, was the most prodigious crime in the universe, yet it was necessary that mankind—those predestinated to ever- | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1828}} Gospel according to Matthew, v. 44. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
480 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|480|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
lasting life—might be saved. D’Aubignee cites the quotation by Martin Luther from the canon, and makes him exclaim, in ecstatic rapture: “{{Style S-Italic|O beata culpa, qui talem meruisti redemptorem!”}} O blessed sin, which didst merit such a Redeemer. We now perceive that the dogma which had appeared so monstrous is, after all, the doctrine of Pope, Calvin, and Luther alike—that the three are one. | {{Style P-No indent|lasting life—might be saved. D’Aubignee cites the quotation by Martin Luther from the canon, and makes him exclaim, in ecstatic rapture: “{{Style S-Italic|O beata culpa, qui talem meruisti redemptorem!”}} O blessed sin, which didst merit such a Redeemer. We now perceive that the dogma which had appeared so monstrous is, after all, the doctrine of Pope, Calvin, and Luther alike—that the three are one.}} | ||
Mahomet and his disciples, who held Jesus in great respect as a prophet, remarks Eliphas Levi, used to utter, when speaking of Christians, the following remarkable words: “Jesus of Nazareth was verily a true prophet of Allah and a grand man; but lo! his disciples all went insane one day, and made a god of him.” | Mahomet and his disciples, who held Jesus in great respect as a prophet, remarks Eliphas Levi, used to utter, when speaking of Christians, the following remarkable words: “Jesus of Nazareth was verily a true prophet of Allah and a grand man; but lo! his disciples all went insane one day, and made a god of him.” | ||
Max Müller kindly adds: “It was a mistake of the early Fathers to treat the heathen gods as demons or evil spirits, and we must take care not to commit the same error with regard to the Hindu gods.” | Max Müller kindly adds: “It was a mistake of the early Fathers to treat the heathen gods as demons or evil spirits, and we must take care not to commit the same error with regard to the Hindu gods.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1829}} | ||
But we have Satan presented to us as the prop and mainstay of sacerdotism—an Atlas, holding the Christian heaven and cosmos upon his shoulders. If he falls, then, in their conception, all is lost, and chaos must come again. | But we have Satan presented to us as the prop and mainstay of sacerdotism—an Atlas, holding the Christian heaven and cosmos upon his shoulders. If he falls, then, in their conception, all is lost, and chaos must come again. | ||
This dogma of the Devil and redemption seems to be based upon two passages in the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament:}} “For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the Devil.” | This dogma of the Devil and redemption seems to be based upon two passages in the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament:}} “For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the Devil.”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1830}} “And there was war in heaven; Michael and his angels fought against the Dragon; and the Dragon fought, and his angels, and prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven. And the great Dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world.” Let us, then, explore the ancient Theogonies, in order to ascertain what was meant by these remarkable expressions. | ||
The first inquiry is whether the term {{Style S-Italic|Devil}}, as here used, actually represents the malignant Deity of the Christians, or an antagonistic, blind force—the dark side of nature. By the latter we are not to understand the manifestation of any evil principle that is {{Style S-Italic|malum in se,}} but only the shadow of the Light, so to say. The theories of the kabalists treat of it as a force which is antagonistic, but at the same time essential to the vitality, evolving, and vigor of the good principle. Plants would perish in their first stage of existence, if they were kept exposed to a constant sunlight; the night alternating with the day is essential to their healthy growth and development. Goodness, likewise, would speedily cease to be such, were it not alternated by its opposite. In human nature, evil denotes the antagonism of matter to the spiritual, and each is accordingly purified thereby. In the cosmos, the equilibrium must be preserved; the | The first inquiry is whether the term {{Style S-Italic|Devil}}, as here used, actually represents the malignant Deity of the Christians, or an antagonistic, blind force—the dark side of nature. By the latter we are not to understand the manifestation of any evil principle that is {{Style S-Italic|malum in se,}} but only the shadow of the Light, so to say. The theories of the kabalists treat of it as a force which is antagonistic, but at the same time essential to the vitality, evolving, and vigor of the good principle. Plants would perish in their first stage of existence, if they were kept exposed to a constant sunlight; the night alternating with the day is essential to their healthy growth and development. Goodness, likewise, would speedily cease to be such, were it not alternated by its opposite. In human nature, evil denotes the antagonism of matter to the spiritual, and each is accordingly purified thereby. In the cosmos, the equilibrium must be preserved; the | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1829}} “Comparative Mythology,” April, 1856. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1830}} 1st Epistle of John, iii. 8. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
481 THE TEMPTING SERPENT OF EDEN. | {{Page|481|THE TEMPTING SERPENT OF EDEN.}} | ||
operation of the two contraries produce harmony, like the centripetal and centrifugal forces, and are necessary to each other. If one is arrested, the action of the other will immediately become destructive. | {{Style P-No indent|operation of the two contraries produce harmony, like the centripetal and centrifugal forces, and are necessary to each other. If one is arrested, the action of the other will immediately become destructive.}} | ||
This personification, denominated {{Style S-Italic|Satan}}, is to be contemplated from three different planes: the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} the Christian Fathers, and the ancient Gentile altitude. He is supposed to have been represented by the Serpent in the Garden of Eden; nevertheless, the epithet of Satan is nowhere in the Hebrew sacred writings applied to that or any other variety of ophidian. The Brazen Serpent of Moses was worshipped by the Israelites as a god; | This personification, denominated {{Style S-Italic|Satan}}, is to be contemplated from three different planes: the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} the Christian Fathers, and the ancient Gentile altitude. He is supposed to have been represented by the Serpent in the Garden of Eden; nevertheless, the epithet of Satan is nowhere in the Hebrew sacred writings applied to that or any other variety of ophidian. The Brazen Serpent of Moses was worshipped by the Israelites as a god;{{Footnote mark|*|fn1831}} being the symbol of Esmun-Asklepius the Phœnician Iao. Indeed, the character of Satan himself is introduced in the 1st book of {{Style S-Italic|Chronicles}} in the act of instigating King David to number the Israelitish people, an act elsewhere declared specifically to have been moved by Jehovah himself.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1832}} The inference is unavoidable that the two, Satan and Jehovah, were regarded as identical. | ||
Another mention of Satan is found in the {{Style S-Italic|prophecies of Zechariah.}} This book was written at a period subsequent to the Jewish colonization of Palestine, and hence, the Asideans may fairly be supposed to have brought the personification thither from the East. It is well-known that this body of sectaries were deeply imbued with the Mazdean notions; and that they represented Ahriman or Anra-manyas by the god-names of Syria. Set or Sat-an, the god of the Hittites and Hyk-sos, and Beel-Zebub the oracle-god, afterward the Grecian Apollo. The prophet began his labors in Judea in the second year of Darius Hystaspes, the restorer of the Mazdean worship. He thus describes the encounter with Satan: “He showed me Joshua the high-priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to be his adversary. And the Lord said unto Satan: ‘The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan; even the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: is not this a brand plucked out of the fire?’” | Another mention of Satan is found in the {{Style S-Italic|prophecies of Zechariah.}} This book was written at a period subsequent to the Jewish colonization of Palestine, and hence, the Asideans may fairly be supposed to have brought the personification thither from the East. It is well-known that this body of sectaries were deeply imbued with the Mazdean notions; and that they represented Ahriman or Anra-manyas by the god-names of Syria. Set or Sat-an, the god of the Hittites and Hyk-sos, and Beel-Zebub the oracle-god, afterward the Grecian Apollo. The prophet began his labors in Judea in the second year of Darius Hystaspes, the restorer of the Mazdean worship. He thus describes the encounter with Satan: “He showed me Joshua the high-priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to be his adversary. And the Lord said unto Satan: ‘The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan; even the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: is not this a brand plucked out of the fire?’”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1833}} | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1831}} 2 Kings, xviii. 4. It is probable that the fiery serpents or {{Style S-Italic|Seraphim}} mentioned in the twenty-first chapter of the book of Numbers were the same as the Levites, or Ophite tribe. Compare Exodus xxxii. 26-29 with Numbers xxi. 5-9. The names Heva, {{Style S-Hebrew|חוה}}, {{Style S-Italic|Hivi}} or Hivite, {{Style S-Hebrew|חוי}}, and Levi {{Style S-Hebrew|לוי}}, all signify a serpent; and it is a curious fact that the Hivites, or serpent-tribe of Palestine, like the Levites or Ophites of Israel, were ministers to the temples. The Gibeonites, whom Joshua assigned to the service of the sanctuary, were Hivites. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1832}} 1 Chronicles, xxi. 1: “And Satan stood up against Israel and moved David to number Israel.” 2d Samuel, xxiv. 1: “And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say: ‘Go, number Israel and Judah.’” | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1833}} Zechariah iii. 1, 2. A pun or play on words is noticeable; “adversary” is associated with “Satan,” as if from {{Style S-Hebrew|שטן}}, to oppose. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
482 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|482|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
We apprehend that this passage which we have quoted is symbolical. There are two allusions in the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament}} that indicate that it was so regarded. The {{Style S-Italic|Catholic Epistle of Jude}} refers to it in this peculiar language: “Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the Devil, he disputed about the body of Moses, did not venture to utter to him a reviling judgment (κρῖσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας), but said, ‘The Lord rebuke thee.’” | We apprehend that this passage which we have quoted is symbolical. There are two allusions in the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament}} that indicate that it was so regarded. The {{Style S-Italic|Catholic Epistle of Jude}} refers to it in this peculiar language: “Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the Devil, he disputed about the body of Moses, did not venture to utter to him a reviling judgment (''κρῖσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας''), but said, ‘The Lord rebuke thee.’”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1834}} The archangel Michael is thus mentioned as identical with the {{Style S-Hebrew|יהוה}} Lord, or angel of the Lord, of the preceding quotation, and thus is shown that the Hebrew Jehovah had a twofold character, the secret and that manifested as the angel of the Lord, or Michael the archangel. A comparison between these two passages renders it plain that “the body of Moses” over which they contended was Palestine, which as “the land of the Hittites”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1835}} was the peculiar domain of Seth, their tutelar god.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1836}} Michael, as the champion of the Jehovah-worship, contended with the Devil or Adversary, but left judgment to his superior. | ||
Belial is not entitled to the distinction of either god or devil. The term בליעל, Belial, is defined in the Hebrew lexicons to mean a destroying, waste, uselessness; or the phrase איש-בליעל ais-Belialor Belial-man signifies a wasteful, useless man. If Belial must be personified to please our religious friends, we would be obliged to make him perfectly distinct from Satan, and to consider him as a sort of spiritual “Diakka.” The demonographers, however, who enumerate nine distinct orders of {{Style S-Italic|daimonia}}, make him chief of the third class—a set of hobgoblins, mischievous and good-for-nothing. | Belial is not entitled to the distinction of either god or devil. The term {{Style S-Hebrew|בליעל}}, Belial, is defined in the Hebrew lexicons to mean a destroying, waste, uselessness; or the phrase {{Style S-Hebrew|איש-בליעל}} ais-Belialor Belial-man signifies a wasteful, useless man. If Belial must be personified to please our religious friends, we would be obliged to make him perfectly distinct from Satan, and to consider him as a sort of spiritual “Diakka.” The demonographers, however, who enumerate nine distinct orders of {{Style S-Italic|daimonia}}, make him chief of the third class—a set of hobgoblins, mischievous and good-for-nothing. | ||
Asmodeus is no Jewish spirit at all, his origin being purely Persian. Bréal, the author of {{Style S-Italic|Hercule et Cacus}}, shows that he is the Parsi Eshem-Dev, or Aéshma-dev, the evil spirit of concupiscence, whom Max Müller tells us “is mentioned several times in the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta}} as one of the Devs, | Asmodeus is no Jewish spirit at all, his origin being purely Persian. Bréal, the author of {{Style S-Italic|Hercule et Cacus}}, shows that he is the Parsi Eshem-Dev, or Aéshma-dev, the evil spirit of concupiscence, whom Max Müller tells us “is mentioned several times in the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta}} as one of the Devs,{{Footnote mark|§|fn1837}} originally gods, who became evil spirits.” | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1834}} Jude 9. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1835}} In the “Assyrian Tablets,” Palestine is called “the land of the Hittites;” and the Egyptian Papyri, declaring the same thing, also make Seth, the “pillar-god,” their tutelar deity. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1836}} ''Seth'', ''Suteh'', or Sat-an, was the god of the aboriginal nations of Syria. Plutarch makes him the same as Typhon. Hence he was god of Goshen and Palestine, the countries occupied by the Israelites. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1837}} “Vendidad,” fargard x., 23: “I combat the dæva Æshma, the very evil.” “The Yaçnas,” x. 18, speaks likewise of Æshma-Dæva, or Khasm: “All other sciences depend upon Æshma, the cunning.” “Serv.,” lvi. 12: “To smite the wicked Auramanyas (Ahriman, the evil power), to smite Æshma with the terrible weapon, to smite the Mazanian dævas, to smite all devas.” | |||
In the same fargard of the “Vendidad” the Brahman divinities are involved in the same denunciation with Æshma-dæva: “I combat India, I combat Sauru, I combat the Dæva Naonhaiti.” The annotator explains them to be the Vedic gods, Indus, Gaurea, or Siva, and the two Aswins. There must be some mistake, however, for Siva, at the time the “Vedas” were completed, was an aboriginal or Æthiopian God, the Bala or Bel of Western Asia. He was not an Aryan or Vedic deity. Perhaps Sûrya was the divinity intended. | In the same fargard of the “Vendidad” the Brahman divinities are involved in the same denunciation with Æshma-dæva: “I combat India, I combat Sauru, I combat the Dæva Naonhaiti.” The annotator explains them to be the Vedic gods, Indus, Gaurea, or Siva, and the two Aswins. There must be some mistake, however, for Siva, at the time the “Vedas” were completed, was an aboriginal or Æthiopian God, the Bala or Bel of Western Asia. He was not an Aryan or Vedic deity. Perhaps Sûrya was the divinity intended. | ||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
483 SAMAEL AND TYPHON ARE SATAN. | {{Page|483|SAMAEL AND TYPHON ARE SATAN.}} | ||
Samael is Satan; but Bryan and a good many other authorities show it to be the name of the “Simoun”—the wind of the desert, | Samael is Satan; but Bryan and a good many other authorities show it to be the name of the “Simoun”—the wind of the desert,{{Footnote mark|*|fn1838}} and the Simoun is called Atabul-os or Diabolos. | ||
Plutarch remarks that by Typhon was understood anything violent, unruly, and disorderly. The overflowing of the Nile was called by the Egyptians Typhon. Lower Egypt is very flat, and any mounds built along the river to prevent the frequent inundations, were called Typhonian or {{Style S-Italic|Taphos;}} hence, the origin of Typhon. Plutarch, who was a rigid, orthodox Greek, and never known to much compliment the Egyptians, testifies in his {{Style S-Italic|Isis and Osiris,}} to the fact that, far from worshipping the Devil (of which Christians accused them), they despised more than they dreaded Typhon. In his symbol of the opposing, obstinate power of nature, they believed him to be a poor, struggling, half-dead divinity. Thus, even at that remote age, we see the ancients already {{Style S-Italic|too enlightened to believe in a personal devil.}} As Typhon was represented in one of his symbols under the figure of an ass at the festival of the sun’s sacrifices, the Egyptian priests exhorted the faithful worshippers not to carry gold ornaments upon their bodies for fear of giving food to the {{ | Plutarch remarks that by Typhon was understood anything violent, unruly, and disorderly. The overflowing of the Nile was called by the Egyptians Typhon. Lower Egypt is very flat, and any mounds built along the river to prevent the frequent inundations, were called Typhonian or {{Style S-Italic|Taphos;}} hence, the origin of Typhon. Plutarch, who was a rigid, orthodox Greek, and never known to much compliment the Egyptians, testifies in his {{Style S-Italic|Isis and Osiris,}} to the fact that, far from worshipping the Devil (of which Christians accused them), they despised more than they dreaded Typhon. In his symbol of the opposing, obstinate power of nature, they believed him to be a poor, struggling, half-dead divinity. Thus, even at that remote age, we see the ancients already {{Style S-Italic|too enlightened to believe in a personal devil.}} As Typhon was represented in one of his symbols under the figure of an ass at the festival of the sun’s sacrifices, the Egyptian priests exhorted the faithful worshippers not to carry gold ornaments upon their bodies for fear of giving food to the ''ass!''{{Footnote mark|†|fn1839}} | ||
Three and a half centuries before Christ, Plato expressed his opinion of evil by saying that “there is in matter a blind, refractory force, which resists the will of the Great Artificer.” This blind force, under Christian influx, was made to see and become responsible; it was transformed into Satan! | Three and a half centuries before Christ, Plato expressed his opinion of evil by saying that “there is in matter a blind, refractory force, which resists the will of the Great Artificer.” This blind force, under Christian influx, was made to see and become responsible; it was transformed into Satan! | ||
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His identity with Typhon can scarcely be doubted upon reading the account in {{Style S-Italic|Job}} of his appearance with the sons of God, before the Lord. He accuses Job of a readiness to curse the Lord to his face upon sufficient provocation. So Typhon, in the Egyptian {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Dead,}} figures as the accuser. The resemblance extends even to the names, for one of Typhon’s appellations was {{Style S-Italic|Seth,}} or {{Style S-Italic|Seph;}} as Satan, in Hebrew, means an adversary. In Arabic the word is {{Style S-Italic|Shâtana}}—to be adverse, to persecute, and Manetho says he had treacherously murdered Osiris and allied himself with the Shemites (the Israelites). This may possibly have originated the fable told by Plutarch, that, from the fight between Horus and Typhon, Typhon, overcome with fright at the mis- | His identity with Typhon can scarcely be doubted upon reading the account in {{Style S-Italic|Job}} of his appearance with the sons of God, before the Lord. He accuses Job of a readiness to curse the Lord to his face upon sufficient provocation. So Typhon, in the Egyptian {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Dead,}} figures as the accuser. The resemblance extends even to the names, for one of Typhon’s appellations was {{Style S-Italic|Seth,}} or {{Style S-Italic|Seph;}} as Satan, in Hebrew, means an adversary. In Arabic the word is {{Style S-Italic|Shâtana}}—to be adverse, to persecute, and Manetho says he had treacherously murdered Osiris and allied himself with the Shemites (the Israelites). This may possibly have originated the fable told by Plutarch, that, from the fight between Horus and Typhon, Typhon, overcome with fright at the mis- | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1838}} Jacob Bryant: “Analysis of Ancient Mythology.” | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1839}} Plutarch: “de Iside,” xxx., xxxi. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
{{ | {{Page|484|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
chief he had caused, “fled seven days on an ass, and escaping, begat the boys Ierosolumos and Ioudaios (Jerusalem and Judea).” | {{Style P-No indent|chief he had caused, “fled seven days on an ass, and escaping, begat the boys Ierosolumos and Ioudaios (Jerusalem and Judea).”}} | ||
Referring to an invocation of Typhon-Seth, Professor Reuvens says that the Egyptians worshipped Typhon under the form of an ass; and according to him Seth “appears gradually among the Semites as the background of their religious consciousness.” | Referring to an invocation of Typhon-Seth, Professor Reuvens says that the Egyptians worshipped Typhon under the form of an ass; and according to him Seth “appears gradually among the Semites as the background of their religious consciousness.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1840}} The name of the ass in Coptic, AO, is a phonetic of Iao, and hence the animal became a pun-symbol. Thus Satan is a later creation, sprung from the overheated fancy of the Fathers of the Church. By some reverse of fortune, to which the gods are subjected in common with mortals, Typhon-Seth tumbled down from the eminence of the deified son of Adam Kadmon, to the degrading position of a subaltern spirit, a mythical demon—ass. Religious schisms are as little free from the frail pettiness and spiteful feelings of humanity as the partisan quarrels of laymen. We find a strong instance of the above in the case of the Zoroastrian reform, when Magianism separated from the old faith of the Brahmans. The bright Devas of the {{Style S-Italic|Veda}} became, under the religious reform of Zoroaster, dævas, or evil spirits, of the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta.}} Even Indra, the luminous god, was thrust far back into the dark shadow{{Footnote mark|†|fn1841}} in order to show off, in a brighter light, Ahura-mazda, the Wise and Supreme Deity. | ||
The strange veneration in which the Ophites held the serpent which represented Christos may become less perplexing if the students would but remember that at all ages the serpent was the symbol of divine wisdom, which kills in order to resurrect, destroys but to rebuild the better. Moses is made a descendant of Levi, a serpent-tribe. Gautama-Buddha is of a serpent-lineage, through the Naga (serpent) race of kings who reigned in Magadha. Hermes, or the god Taaut (Thoth), in his snake-symbol is Têt; and, according to the Ophite legends, Jesus or Christos is born from a snake (divine wisdom, or Holy Ghost), {{Style S-Italic|i.e}}., he became a Son of God through his initiation into the “Serpent Science.” Vishnu, identical with the Egyptian Kneph, rests on the heavenly {{Style S-Italic|seven}}-headed serpent. | The strange veneration in which the Ophites held the serpent which represented Christos may become less perplexing if the students would but remember that at all ages the serpent was the symbol of divine wisdom, which kills in order to resurrect, destroys but to rebuild the better. Moses is made a descendant of Levi, a serpent-tribe. Gautama-Buddha is of a serpent-lineage, through the Naga (serpent) race of kings who reigned in Magadha. Hermes, or the god Taaut (Thoth), in his snake-symbol is Têt; and, according to the Ophite legends, Jesus or Christos is born from a snake (divine wisdom, or Holy Ghost), {{Style S-Italic|i.e}}., he became a Son of God through his initiation into the “Serpent Science.” Vishnu, identical with the Egyptian Kneph, rests on the heavenly {{Style S-Italic|seven}}-headed serpent. | ||
The red or fiery dragon of the ancient time was the military ensign of the Assyrians. Cyrus adopted it from them when Persia became dominant. The Romans and Byzantines next assumed it; and so the “great red dragon,” from being the symbol of Babylon and Nineveh, became that of Rome. | The red or fiery dragon of the ancient time was the military ensign of the Assyrians. Cyrus adopted it from them when Persia became dominant. The Romans and Byzantines next assumed it; and so the “great red dragon,” from being the symbol of Babylon and Nineveh, became that of Rome.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1842}} | ||
The temptation, or probation, | The temptation, or probation,{{Footnote mark|§|fn1843}} of Jesus is, however, the most dramatic | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1840}} Wilkinson’s “Ancient Egyptians,” p. 434. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1841}} See “Vendidad,” fargard x. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1842}} Salverte: “Des Sciences Occultes,” appendix, note A. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1843}} The term πειρασμος ''signifies a trial, or probation''. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
485 THE TEMPTATIONS OF JOB AND JESUS. | {{Page|485|THE TEMPTATIONS OF JOB AND JESUS.}} | ||
occasion in which Satan appears. As if to prove the designation of Apollo, Æsculapius, and Bacchus, {{Style S-Italic|Diobolos,}} or son of Zeus, he is also styled | {{Style P-No indent|occasion in which Satan appears. As if to prove the designation of Apollo, Æsculapius, and Bacchus, {{Style S-Italic|Diobolos,}} or son of Zeus, he is also styled ''Diabolos'', or accuser. The scene of the probation was the wilderness. In the desert about the Jordan and Dead Sea were the abodes of the “sons of the prophets,” and the Essenes.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1844}} These ascetics used to subject their neophytes to probations, analogous to the {{Style S-Italic|tortures}} of the Mithraic rites; and the temptation of Jesus was evidently a scene of this character. Hence, in the {{Style S-Italic|Gospel according to Luke,}} it is stated that “the Diabolos, having completed the probation, left him for a specific time, αχρι καιροῦ, and Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee.” But the {{Style S-Italic|διαβολος}}, or Devil, in this instance is evidently no malignant principle, but one exercising discipline. In this sense the terms Devil and Satan are repeatedly employed.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1845}} Thus, when Paul was liable to undue elation by reason of the abundance of revelations or epoptic disclosures, there was given him “a thorn in the flesh, an angel of Satanas,” to check him.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1846}}}} | ||
The story of Satan in the {{Style S-Italic|Book of Job}} is of a similar character. He is introduced among the “Sons of God,” presenting themselves before the Lord, as in a Mystic initiation. Micaiah the prophet describes a similar scene, where he “saw the Lord sitting on His throne, and all the host of Heaven standing by Him,” with whom He took counsel, which resulted in putting “a lying spirit into the mouth of the prophets of Ahab.” | The story of Satan in the {{Style S-Italic|Book of Job}} is of a similar character. He is introduced among the “Sons of God,” presenting themselves before the Lord, as in a Mystic initiation. Micaiah the prophet describes a similar scene, where he “saw the Lord sitting on His throne, and all the host of Heaven standing by Him,” with whom He took counsel, which resulted in putting “a lying spirit into the mouth of the prophets of Ahab.”{{Footnote mark|§|fn1847}} The Lord counsels with Satan, and gives him {{Style S-Italic|carte blanche}} to test the fidelity of Job. He is stripped of his wealth and family, and smitten with a loathsome disease. In his extremity, his wife doubts his integrity, and exhorts him to worship God, as he is about to die. His friends all beset him with accusations, and finally the Lord, the chief hierophant Himself, taxes him with the uttering of words in which there is no wisdom, and with contending with the Almighty. To this rebuke Job yielded, making this appeal: “I will demand of thee, and thou shalt declare unto me: wherefore do I abhor myself and mourn in dust and ashes?” Immediately he was vindicated. “The Lord said unto Eliphaz . . . ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Job hath.” His integrity had been asserted, and his prediction verified: “I know that my Champion liveth, and that he will stand up for me at a later time on the earth; and though after my skin my body itself be corroded away, yet even then without my flesh shall I see God.” The pre- | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1844}} 2 Samuel, ii. 5, 15; vi. 1-4. Pliny. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1845}} See 1 Corinthians, v. 5; 2 Corinthians, xi. 14; 1 Timothy, i. 20. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1846}} 2d Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, xii. In Numbers xxii, 22 the angel of the Lord is described as acting the part of a Satan to Balaam. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1847}} 1 Kings, xxii. 19-23. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
486 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|486|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
diction was accomplished: “I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now mine eye seeth thee. . . . And the Lord turned the captivity of Job.” | {{Style P-No indent|diction was accomplished: “I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now mine eye seeth thee. . . . And the Lord turned the captivity of Job.”}} | ||
In all these scenes there is manifested no such malignant diabolism as is supposed to characterize “the adversary of souls.” | In all these scenes there is manifested no such malignant diabolism as is supposed to characterize “the adversary of souls.” | ||
It is an opinion of certain writers of merit and learning, that the Satan of the book of {{Style S-Italic|Job}} is a Jewish myth, containing the Mazdean doctrine of the Evil Principle. Dr. Haug remarks that “the Zoroastrian religion exhibits a close affinity, or rather identity with the Mosaic religion and Christianity, such as the personality and attributes of the Devil, and the resurrection of the dead.” | It is an opinion of certain writers of merit and learning, that the Satan of the book of {{Style S-Italic|Job}} is a Jewish myth, containing the Mazdean doctrine of the Evil Principle. Dr. Haug remarks that “the Zoroastrian religion exhibits a close affinity, or rather identity with the Mosaic religion and Christianity, such as the personality and attributes of the Devil, and the resurrection of the dead.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1848}} The war of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} between Michael and the Dragon, can be traced with equal facility to one of the oldest myths of the Aryans. In the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta}} we read of war between Thrætaona and Azhi-Dahaka, the destroying serpent. Burnouf has endeavored to show that the Vedic myth of Ahi, or the serpent, fighting against the gods, has been gradually euhemerized into “the battle of a pious man against the power of evil,” in the Mazdean religion. By these interpretations Satan would be made identical with Zohak or Azhi-Dahaka, who is a three-headed serpent, with one of the heads a human one.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1849}} | ||
Beel-Zebub is generally distinguished from Satan. He seems, in the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal New Testament,}} to be regarded as the potentate of the underworld. The name is usually rendered “Baal of the Flies,” which may be a designation of the Scarabæi or sacred beetles. | Beel-Zebub is generally distinguished from Satan. He seems, in the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal New Testament,}} to be regarded as the potentate of the underworld. The name is usually rendered “Baal of the Flies,” which may be a designation of the Scarabæi or sacred beetles.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1850}} More correctly it shall be read, as it is always given in the Greek text of the {{Style S-Italic|Gospels,}} Beelzebul, or lord of the household, as is indeed intimated in {{Style S-Italic|Matthew}} | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1848}} Haug: “Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings, and Religion of the Parsees.” | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1849}} The “Avesta” describes the serpent Dahaka, as of the region of Bauri or Babylonia. In the Median history are two kings of the name Deiokes or Dahaka, and Astyages or Az-dahaka. There were children of Zohak seated on various Eastern thrones, after Feridun. It is apparent, therefore, that by Zohak is meant the Assyrian dynasty, whose symbol was the {{Style S-Italic|purpureum signum draconis—}}the purple sign of the Dragon. From a very remote antiquity (Genesis xiv.) this dynasty ruled Asia, Armenia, Syria, Arabia, Babylonia, Media, Persia, Bactria, and Afghanistan. It was finally overthrown by Cyrus and Darius Hystaspes, after “1,000 years” rule. Yima and Thrætaona, or Jemshid and Feridun, are doubtless personifications. Zohak probably imposed the Assyrian or Magian worship of fire upon the Persians. Darius was the vicegerent of Ahura-Mazda. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1850}} The name in the Gospels is {{Style S-Italic|beelzeboul}}, or Baal of the Dwelling. It is pretty certain that Apollo, the Delphian God, was not Hellenian originally, but Phœnician. He was the Paian or physician, as well as the god of oracles. It is no great stretch of imagination to identify him with Baal-{{Style S-Italic|Zebul}}, the god of Ekron, or Acheron, doubtless changed to {{Style S-Italic|Zebub,}} or flies, by the Jews in derision. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
487 THE GREAT RED DRAGON. | {{Page|487|THE GREAT RED DRAGON.}} | ||
x. 25: “If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more shall they call them of his household.” He was also styled the prince or archon of dæmons. | {{Style P-No indent|x. 25: “If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more shall they call them of his household.” He was also styled the prince or archon of dæmons.}} | ||
Typhon figures in the {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Dead,}} as the Accuser of souls when they appear for judgment, as Satan stood up to accuse Joshua, the high-priest, before the angel, and as the Devil came to Jesus to tempt or test him during his great fast in the wilderness. He was also the deity denominated Baal-Tsephon, or god of the crypt, in the book of {{Style S-Italic|Exodus,}} and {{Style S-Italic|Seth,}} or the pillar. During this period, the ancient or archaic worship was more or less under the ban of the government; in figurative language, Osiris had been treacherously slain and cut in fourteen (twice {{Style S-Italic|seven}}) pieces, and coffined by his brother Typhon, and Isis had gone to Byblos in quest of his body. | Typhon figures in the {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Dead,}} as the Accuser of souls when they appear for judgment, as Satan stood up to accuse Joshua, the high-priest, before the angel, and as the Devil came to Jesus to tempt or test him during his great fast in the wilderness. He was also the deity denominated Baal-Tsephon, or god of the crypt, in the book of {{Style S-Italic|Exodus,}} and {{Style S-Italic|Seth,}} or the pillar. During this period, the ancient or archaic worship was more or less under the ban of the government; in figurative language, Osiris had been treacherously slain and cut in fourteen (twice {{Style S-Italic|seven}}) pieces, and coffined by his brother Typhon, and Isis had gone to Byblos in quest of his body. | ||
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Finally the princes of the older {{Style S-Italic|régime,}} the gods who had, on the assault of the giants, taken the forms of animals and hidden in Æthiopia, returned and expelled the shepherds. | Finally the princes of the older {{Style S-Italic|régime,}} the gods who had, on the assault of the giants, taken the forms of animals and hidden in Æthiopia, returned and expelled the shepherds. | ||
According to Josephus, the Hyk-sos were the ancestors of the Israelites. | According to Josephus, the Hyk-sos were the ancestors of the Israelites.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1851}} This is doubtless substantially true. The Hebrew {{Style S-Italic|Scriptures,}} which tell a somewhat different story, were written at a later period, and underwent several revisions, before they were promulgated with any degree of publicity. Typhon became odious in Egypt, and shepherds “an abomination.” “In the course of the twentieth dynasty he was suddenly treated as an evil demon, insomuch that his effigies and name are obliterated on all the monuments and inscriptions that could be reached.”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1852}} In all ages the gods have been liable to be euhemerized into men. There are tombs of Zeus, Apollo, Hercules, and Bacchus, which are often mentioned to show that originally they were only mortals. Shem, Ham, and Japhet, are traced in the divinities Shamas of Assyria, Kham of | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1851}} “Against Apion,” i. 25. “The Egyptians took many occasions to hate and envy us: in the first place because our ancestors (the Hyk-sos, or shepherds) had had the dominion over their country, and when they were delivered from them and gone to their own country, they lived there in prosperity.” | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1852}} Bunsen. The name {{Style S-Italic|Seth}} with the syllable {{Style S-Italic|an}} from the Chaldean {{Style S-Italic|ana}} or Heaven, makes the term {{Style S-Italic|Satan.}} The punners seem now to have pounced upon it, as was their wont, and so made it {{Style S-Italic|Satan}} from the verb {{Style S-Hebrew|שטן}} {{Style S-Italic|Sitan,}} to oppose. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
488 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|488|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
Egypt, and Iapetos the Titan. Seth was god of the Hyk-sos, Enoch, or Inachus, of the Argives; and Abraham, Isaac, and Judah have been compared with Brahma, Ikshwaka, and Yadu of the Hindu pantheon. Typhon tumbled down from godhead to devilship, both in his own character as brother of Osiris, and as the Seth, or Satan of Asia. Apollo, the god of day, became, in his older Phœnician garb, no more Baal Zebul, the Oracle-god, but prince of demons, and finally the lord of the underworld. The separation of Mazdeanism from Vedism, transformed the {{Style S-Italic|devas}} or gods into evil potencies. Indra, also, in the {{Style S-Italic|Vendidad}} is set forth as the subaltern of Ahriman, | {{Style P-No indent|Egypt, and Iapetos the Titan. Seth was god of the Hyk-sos, Enoch, or Inachus, of the Argives; and Abraham, Isaac, and Judah have been compared with Brahma, Ikshwaka, and Yadu of the Hindu pantheon. Typhon tumbled down from godhead to devilship, both in his own character as brother of Osiris, and as the Seth, or Satan of Asia. Apollo, the god of day, became, in his older Phœnician garb, no more Baal Zebul, the Oracle-god, but prince of demons, and finally the lord of the underworld. The separation of Mazdeanism from Vedism, transformed the {{Style S-Italic|devas}} or gods into evil potencies. Indra, also, in the {{Style S-Italic|Vendidad}} is set forth as the subaltern of Ahriman,{{Footnote mark|*|fn1853}} created by him out of the materials of darkness,{{Footnote mark|†|fn1854}} together with Siva (Surya) and the two Aswins. Even Jahi is the demon of Lust—probably identical with Indra.}} | ||
The several tribes and nations had their tutelar gods, and vilified those of inimical peoples. The transformation of Typhon, Satan and Beelzebub are of this character. Indeed, Tertullian speaks of Mithra, the god of the Mysteries, as a devil. | The several tribes and nations had their tutelar gods, and vilified those of inimical peoples. The transformation of Typhon, Satan and Beelzebub are of this character. Indeed, Tertullian speaks of Mithra, the god of the Mysteries, as a devil. | ||
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In the twelfth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse,}} Michael and his angels overcame the Dragon and his angels: “and the Great Dragon was cast out, that Archaic Ophis, called Diabolos and Satan, that deceiveth the whole world.” It is added: “They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb.” The Lamb, or Christ, had to descend himself to hell, the world of the dead, and remain there three days before he subjugated the enemy, according to the myth. | In the twelfth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse,}} Michael and his angels overcame the Dragon and his angels: “and the Great Dragon was cast out, that Archaic Ophis, called Diabolos and Satan, that deceiveth the whole world.” It is added: “They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb.” The Lamb, or Christ, had to descend himself to hell, the world of the dead, and remain there three days before he subjugated the enemy, according to the myth. | ||
Michael was denominated by the kabalists and the Gnostics, “the Saviour,” the angel of the Sun, and angel of Light. (מיכאל, probably, from יכח to manifest and אל God.) He was the first of the Æons, and was well-known to antiquarians as the “unknown angel” represented on the Gnostic amulets. | Michael was denominated by the kabalists and the Gnostics, “the Saviour,” the angel of the Sun, and angel of Light. ({{Style S-Hebrew|מיכאל}}, probably, from {{Style S-Hebrew|יכח}} to manifest and {{Style S-Hebrew|אל}} God.) He was the first of the Æons, and was well-known to antiquarians as the “unknown angel” represented on the Gnostic amulets. | ||
The writer of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse,}} if not a kabalist, must have been a Gnostic. Michael was not a personage originally exhibited to him in his vision (epopteia) but the Saviour and Dragon-slayer. Archæological explorations have indicated him as identical with Anubis, whose effigy was lately discovered upon an Egyptian monument, with a cuirass and holding a spear, like St. Michael and St. George. He is also represented as slaying a Dragon, that has the head and tail of a serpent. | The writer of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse,}} if not a kabalist, must have been a Gnostic. Michael was not a personage originally exhibited to him in his vision (epopteia) but the Saviour and Dragon-slayer. Archæological explorations have indicated him as identical with Anubis, whose effigy was lately discovered upon an Egyptian monument, with a cuirass and holding a spear, like St. Michael and St. George. He is also represented as slaying a Dragon, that has the head and tail of a serpent.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1855}} | ||
The student of Lepsius, Champollion, and other Egyptologists will | The student of Lepsius, Champollion, and other Egyptologists will | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1853}} “Vendidad,” fargard x. The name {{Style S-Italic|Vendidad}} is a contraction of {{Style S-Italic|Vidæva-data,}} ordinances against the Dævas. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1854}} {{Style S-Italic|Bundahest}}, “Ahriman created out of the materials of darkness Akuman and Ander, then Sauru and Nakit.” | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1855}} See Lenoir’s “Du Dragon de Metz,” in “Memoires de l’Academie Celtique,” i., 11, 12. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
489 A NECESSARY AND LONG-DEFERRED EXPLANATION. | {{Page|489|A NECESSARY AND LONG-DEFERRED EXPLANATION.}} | ||
quickly recognize Isis as the “woman with child,” “clothed with the Sun and with the Moon under her feet,” whom the “great fiery Dragon” persecuted, and to whom “were given two wings of the Great Eagle that she might fly into the wilderness.” Typhon was red-skinned. | {{Style P-No indent|quickly recognize Isis as the “woman with child,” “clothed with the Sun and with the Moon under her feet,” whom the “great fiery Dragon” persecuted, and to whom “were given two wings of the Great Eagle that she might fly into the wilderness.” Typhon was red-skinned.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1856}}}} | ||
The Two Brothers, the Good and Evil Principles, appear in the Myths of the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} as well as those of the Gentiles, and Cain and Abel, Typhon and Osiris, Esau and Jacob, Apollo and Python, etc., Esau or Osu, is represented, when born, as “red all over like an hairy garment.” He is the Typhon or Satan, opposing his brother. | The Two Brothers, the Good and Evil Principles, appear in the Myths of the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} as well as those of the Gentiles, and Cain and Abel, Typhon and Osiris, Esau and Jacob, Apollo and Python, etc., Esau or Osu, is represented, when born, as “red all over like an hairy garment.” He is the Typhon or Satan, opposing his brother. | ||
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From the remotest antiquity the serpent was held by every people in the greatest veneration, as the embodiment of Divine wisdom and the symbol of spirit, and we know from Sanchoniathon that it was Hermes or Thoth who was the first to regard the serpent as “the most spirit-like of all the reptiles;” and the Gnostic serpent with the seven vowels over the head is but the copy of Ananta, the seven-headed serpent on which rests the god Vishnu. | From the remotest antiquity the serpent was held by every people in the greatest veneration, as the embodiment of Divine wisdom and the symbol of spirit, and we know from Sanchoniathon that it was Hermes or Thoth who was the first to regard the serpent as “the most spirit-like of all the reptiles;” and the Gnostic serpent with the seven vowels over the head is but the copy of Ananta, the seven-headed serpent on which rests the god Vishnu. | ||
European treatises upon serpent-worship, that the writers confess that the public is “still almost in the dark as to the origin of the superstition in question.” Mr. C. Staniland Wake, M.A.I., from whom we now quote, says: “The student of mythology knows that certain ideas were associated by the peoples of antiquity with the serpent, and that it was the favorite symbol of particular deities; but why that animal rather than any other was chosen for the purpose is yet uncertain.” | European treatises upon serpent-worship, that the writers confess that the public is “still almost in the dark as to the origin of the superstition in question.” Mr. C. Staniland Wake, M.A.I., from whom we now quote, says: “The student of mythology knows that certain ideas were associated by the peoples of antiquity with the serpent, and that it was the favorite symbol of particular deities; but why that animal rather than any other was chosen for the purpose is yet uncertain.”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1857}} | ||
Mr. James Fergusson, F.R.S., who has gathered together such an abundance of material upon this ancient cult, seems to have no more suspicion of the truth than the rest. | Mr. James Fergusson, F.R.S., who has gathered together such an abundance of material upon this ancient cult, seems to have no more suspicion of the truth than the rest.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1858}} | ||
Our explanation of the myth may be of little value to students of symbology, and yet we believe that the interpretation of the primitive serpent-worship as given by the initiates is the correct one. In Vol. i., p. 10, we quote from the serpent Mantra, in the {{Style S-Italic|Aytareya-Brahmana,}} a passage which speaks of the earth as the {{Style S-Italic|Sarpa Rajni,}} the Queen of the Serpents, and “the mother of all that moves.” These expressions refer to the fact that before our globe had become egg-shaped or round it was a long trail of cosmic dust or fire-mist, moving and writhing like a serpent. This, say the explanations, was the Spirit of God moving on the chaos until its breath had incubated cosmic matter and made it assume the annular shape of a serpent with its tail in its mouth—emblem of eternity | Our explanation of the myth may be of little value to students of symbology, and yet we believe that the interpretation of the primitive serpent-worship as given by the initiates is the correct one. In Vol. i., p. 10, we quote from the serpent Mantra, in the {{Style S-Italic|Aytareya-Brahmana,}} a passage which speaks of the earth as the {{Style S-Italic|Sarpa Rajni,}} the Queen of the Serpents, and “the mother of all that moves.” These expressions refer to the fact that before our globe had become egg-shaped or round it was a long trail of cosmic dust or fire-mist, moving and writhing like a serpent. This, say the explanations, was the Spirit of God moving on the chaos until its breath had incubated cosmic matter and made it assume the annular shape of a serpent with its tail in its mouth—emblem of eternity | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1856}} Plutarch: “Isis and Osiris.” | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1857}} “The Origin of Serpent Worship,” by C. Staniland Wake, M.A.I. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1877. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1858}} “Tree and Serpent Worship,” etc. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
490 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|490|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
in its spiritual and of our world in its physical sense. According to the notions of the oldest philosophers, as we have shown in the preceding chapter, the earth, serpent-like, casts off its skin and appears after every minor pralaya in a rejuvenated state, and after the great pralaya resurrects or evolves again from its subjective into objective existence. Like the serpent, it not only “puts off its old age,” says Sanchoniathon, “but increases in size and strength.” This is why not only Serapis, and later, Jesus, were represented by a great serpent, but even why, in our own century, big snakes are kept with sacred care in Moslem mosques; for instance, in that of Cairo. In Upper Egypt a famous saint is said to appear under the form of a large serpent; and in India in some children’s cradles a pair of serpents, male and female, are reared with the infant, and snakes are often kept in houses, as they are thought to bring (a magnetic aura of) wisdom, health, and good luck. They are the progeny of Sarpa Râjni, the earth, and endowed with all her virtues. | {{Style P-No indent|in its spiritual and of our world in its physical sense. According to the notions of the oldest philosophers, as we have shown in the preceding chapter, the earth, serpent-like, casts off its skin and appears after every minor pralaya in a rejuvenated state, and after the great pralaya resurrects or evolves again from its subjective into objective existence. Like the serpent, it not only “puts off its old age,” says Sanchoniathon, “but increases in size and strength.” This is why not only Serapis, and later, Jesus, were represented by a great serpent, but even why, in our own century, big snakes are kept with sacred care in Moslem mosques; for instance, in that of Cairo. In Upper Egypt a famous saint is said to appear under the form of a large serpent; and in India in some children’s cradles a pair of serpents, male and female, are reared with the infant, and snakes are often kept in houses, as they are thought to bring (a magnetic aura of) wisdom, health, and good luck. They are the progeny of Sarpa Râjni, the earth, and endowed with all her virtues.}} | ||
In the Hindu mythology Vasaki, the Great Dragon, pours forth upon Durga, from his mouth, a poisonous fluid which overspreads the ground, but her consort Siva caused the earth to open her mouth and swallow it. | In the Hindu mythology Vasaki, the Great Dragon, pours forth upon Durga, from his mouth, a poisonous fluid which overspreads the ground, but her consort Siva caused the earth to open her mouth and swallow it. | ||
Thus the mystic drama of the celestial virgin pursued by the dragon seeking to devour her child, was not only depicted in the constellations of heaven, as has been mentioned, but was represented in the secret worship of the temples. It was the mystery of the god Sol, and inscribed on a black image of Isis. | Thus the mystic drama of the celestial virgin pursued by the dragon seeking to devour her child, was not only depicted in the constellations of heaven, as has been mentioned, but was represented in the secret worship of the temples. It was the mystery of the god Sol, and inscribed on a black image of Isis.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1859}} The Divine Boy was chased by the cruel Typhon.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1860}} In an Egyptian legend the Dragon is said to pursue Thuesis (Isis) while she is endeavoring to protect her son.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1861}} Ovid describes Dione (the consort of the original Pelasgian Zeus, and mother of Venus) as flying from Typhon to the Euphrates,{{Footnote mark|§|fn1862}} thus identifying the myth as belonging to all the countries where the Mysteries were celebrated. Virgil sings the victory: | ||
{{Style P-Quote|“Hail, dear child of gods, great son of Jove! | {{Style P-Quote|“Hail, dear child of gods, great son of Jove! | ||
Receive the honors great; the time is at hand; | Receive the honors great; the time is at hand; | ||
The Serpent will die!” | The Serpent will die!”{{Footnote mark|║|fn1863}} }} | ||
Albertus Magnus, himself an alchemist and student of occult science, as well as a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, in his enthusiasm for astrology, declared that the zodiacal sign of the celestial virgin rises above the horizon on the twenty-fifth of December, at the moment assigned by the Church for the birth of the Saviour. | Albertus Magnus, himself an alchemist and student of occult science, as well as a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, in his enthusiasm for astrology, declared that the zodiacal sign of the celestial virgin rises above the horizon on the twenty-fifth of December, at the moment assigned by the Church for the birth of the Saviour.{{Footnote mark|¶|fn1864}} | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1859}} Godfrey Higgins: “Anacalypsis;” Dupuis: “Origines des Cultes,” iii., 51. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1860}} Martianus Capella: “Hymn to the Sun,” i., ii.; Movers: “Phiniza,” 266. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1861}} Plutarch: “Isis and Osiris.” | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1862}} Virgil: “Eclogues,” iv. | |||
{{Footnote return|║|fn1863}} Ovid: “Fasti,” ii., 451. | |||
{{Footnote return|¶|fn1864}} Knorring: “Terra et Cœlum,” 53. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
491 THE MYSTERIES OF DEMETER AND MITHRAS. | {{Page|491|THE MYSTERIES OF DEMETER AND MITHRAS.}} | ||
The sign and myth of the mother and child were known thousands of years before the Christian era. The drama of the Mysteries of Demeter represents Persephoneia, her daughter, as carried away by Pluto or Hades into the world of the dead; and when the mother finally discovers her there, she has been installed as queen of the realm of Darkness. This myth was transcribed by the Church into the legend of St. Anna | The sign and myth of the mother and child were known thousands of years before the Christian era. The drama of the Mysteries of Demeter represents Persephoneia, her daughter, as carried away by Pluto or Hades into the world of the dead; and when the mother finally discovers her there, she has been installed as queen of the realm of Darkness. This myth was transcribed by the Church into the legend of St. Anna{{Footnote mark|*|fn1865}} going in quest of her daughter Mary, who has been conveyed by Joseph into Egypt. Persephoné is depicted with two ears of wheat in her hand; so is Mary in the old pictures; so was the Celestial Virgin of the constellation. Albumazar the Arabian indicates the identity of the several myths as follows: | ||
“In the first decan of the Virgin rises a maid, called in Arabic Aderenosa [Adha-nari?], that is, pure immaculate virgin, | “In the first decan of the Virgin rises a maid, called in Arabic Aderenosa [Adha-nari?], that is, pure immaculate virgin,{{Footnote mark|†|fn1866}} graceful in person, charming in countenance, modest in habit, with loosened hair, holding in her hands two ears of wheat, sitting upon an embroidered throne, nursing a boy, and rightly feeding him in the place called Hebræa; a boy, I say, named Iessus by certain nations, which signifies Issa, whom they also call Christ in Greek.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1867}} | ||
At this time Grecian, Asiatic, and Egyptian ideas had undergone a remarkable transformation. The Mysteries of Dionysus-Sabazius had been replaced by the rites of Mithras, whose “caves” superseded the crypts of the former god, from Babylon to Britain. Serapis, or Sri-Apa, from Pontus, had usurped the place of Osiris. The king of Eastern Hindustan, Asoka, had embraced the religion of Siddhârtha, and sent missionaries clear to Greece, Asia, Syria, and Egypt, to promulgate the evangel of wisdom. The Essenes of Judea and Arabia, the Therapeutists | At this time Grecian, Asiatic, and Egyptian ideas had undergone a remarkable transformation. The Mysteries of Dionysus-Sabazius had been replaced by the rites of Mithras, whose “caves” superseded the crypts of the former god, from Babylon to Britain. Serapis, or Sri-Apa, from Pontus, had usurped the place of Osiris. The king of Eastern Hindustan, Asoka, had embraced the religion of Siddhârtha, and sent missionaries clear to Greece, Asia, Syria, and Egypt, to promulgate the evangel of wisdom. The Essenes of Judea and Arabia, the Therapeutists{{Footnote mark|§|fn1868}} of Egypt, and the Pythagorists{{Footnote mark|║|fn1869}} of Greece and Magna Græcia, were evidently religionists of the new faith. The legends of Gautama superseded the myths of Horus, Anubis, Adonis, Atys, and Bacchus. These were wrought anew into the Mysteries and Gospels, and to them we owe the | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1865}} Anna is an Oriental designation from the Chaldean {{Style S-Italic|ana}}, or heaven, whence Anaïtis and Anaïtres. Durga, the consort of Siva, is also named Anna purna, and was doubtless the original St. Anna. The mother of the prophet Samuel was named Anna; the father of his counterpart, Samson, was {{Style S-Italic|Manu.}} | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1866}} The virgins of ancient time, as will be seen, were not maids, but simply {{Style S-Italic|almas,}} or nubile women. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1867}} Kircher: “Œdipus Ægyptiacus,” iii., 5. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1868}} From θεραπευω, to serve, to worship, to heal. | |||
{{Footnote return|║|fn1869}} E. Pococke derives the name {{Style S-Italic|Pythagoras}} from {{Style S-Italic|Buddha,}} and {{Style S-Italic|guru}}, a spiritual teacher. Higgins makes it Celtic, and says that it means an observer of the stars. See “Celtic Druids.” If, however, we derive the word {{Style S-Italic|Pytho}} from פתה, {{Style S-Italic|petah,}} the name would signify an expounder of oracles, and Buddha-guru a teacher of the doctrines of Buddha. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
492 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|492|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
literature known as the {{Style S-Italic|Evangelists}} and the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal New Testament.}} They were kept by the Ebionites, Nazarenes, and other sects as sacred books, which they might “show only to the wise;” and were so preserved till the overshadowing influence of the Roman ecclesiastical polity was able to wrest them from those who kept them. | {{Style P-No indent|literature known as the {{Style S-Italic|Evangelists}} and the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal New Testament.}} They were kept by the Ebionites, Nazarenes, and other sects as sacred books, which they might “show only to the wise;” and were so preserved till the overshadowing influence of the Roman ecclesiastical polity was able to wrest them from those who kept them.}} | ||
At the time that the high-priest Hilkiah is said to have found the {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Law,}} the Hindu {{Style S-Italic|Puranas}} (Scriptures) were known to the Assyrians. These last had for many centuries held dominion from the Hellespont to the Indus, and probably crowded the Aryans out of Bactriana into the Punjâb. The {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Law}} seems to have been a {{Style S-Italic|purana.}} “The learned Brahmans,” says Sir William Jones, “pretend that five conditions are requisite to constitute a real {{Style S-Italic|purana:}} | At the time that the high-priest Hilkiah is said to have found the {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Law,}} the Hindu {{Style S-Italic|Puranas}} (Scriptures) were known to the Assyrians. These last had for many centuries held dominion from the Hellespont to the Indus, and probably crowded the Aryans out of Bactriana into the Punjâb. The {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Law}} seems to have been a {{Style S-Italic|purana.}} “The learned Brahmans,” says Sir William Jones, “pretend that five conditions are requisite to constitute a real {{Style S-Italic|purana:}} | ||
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It is pretty certain that whoever wrote the {{Style S-Italic|Pentateuch}} had this plan before him, as well as those who wrote the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament}} had become thoroughly well acquainted with Buddhistic ritualistic worship, legends and doctrines, through the Buddhist missionaries who were many in those days in Palestine and Greece. | It is pretty certain that whoever wrote the {{Style S-Italic|Pentateuch}} had this plan before him, as well as those who wrote the {{Style S-Italic|New Testament}} had become thoroughly well acquainted with Buddhistic ritualistic worship, legends and doctrines, through the Buddhist missionaries who were many in those days in Palestine and Greece. | ||
But “no Devil, no Christ.” This is the basic dogma of the Church. We must hunt the two together. There is a mysterious connection between the two, more close than perhaps is suspected, amounting to identity. If we collect together the mythical sons of God, all of whom were regarded as “first-begotten,” they will be found dovetailing together and blending in this dual character. Adam Kadmon bifurcates from the spiritual conceptive wisdom into the creative one, which evolves {{Style S-Italic|matter.}} The Adam made from dust is both son of God and Satan; and the latter is also a son of God, | But “no Devil, no Christ.” This is the basic dogma of the Church. We must hunt the two together. There is a mysterious connection between the two, more close than perhaps is suspected, amounting to identity. If we collect together the mythical sons of God, all of whom were regarded as “first-begotten,” they will be found dovetailing together and blending in this dual character. Adam Kadmon bifurcates from the spiritual conceptive wisdom into the creative one, which evolves {{Style S-Italic|matter.}} The Adam made from dust is both son of God and Satan; and the latter is also a son of God,{{Footnote mark|*|fn1870}} according to Job. | ||
Hercules was likewise “the First-Begotten.” He is also Bel, Baal, and Bal, and therefore Siva, the Destroyer. Bacchus was styled by Euripides, “Bacchus, the Son of God.” As a child, Bacchus, like the Jesus of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal Gospels,}} was greatly dreaded. He is described as benevolent to mankind; nevertheless he was merciless in punishing whomever failed of respect to his worship. Pentheus, the son of Cad- | Hercules was likewise “the First-Begotten.” He is also Bel, Baal, and Bal, and therefore Siva, the Destroyer. Bacchus was styled by Euripides, “Bacchus, the Son of God.” As a child, Bacchus, like the Jesus of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocryphal Gospels,}} was greatly dreaded. He is described as benevolent to mankind; nevertheless he was merciless in punishing whomever failed of respect to his worship. Pentheus, the son of Cad- | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1870}} In the Secret Museum of Naples, there is a marble bas-relief representing the {{Style S-Italic|Fall of Man,}} in which {{Style S-Italic|God the Father plays the part of the Beguiling Serpent.}} | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
493 JOB EXPLAINED BY THE “BOOK OF THE DEAD.” | {{Page|493|JOB EXPLAINED BY THE “BOOK OF THE DEAD.”}} | ||
mus and Hermioné, was, like the son of Rabbi Hannon, destroyed for his want of piety. | {{Style P-No indent|mus and Hermioné, was, like the son of Rabbi Hannon, destroyed for his want of piety.}} | ||
The allegory of Job, which has been already cited, if correctly understood, will give the key to this whole matter of the Devil, his nature and office; and will substantiate our declarations. Let no pious individual take exception to this designation of allegory. Myth was the favorite and universal method of teaching in archaic times. Paul, writing to the Corinthians, declared that the entire story of Moses and the Israelites was typical; | The allegory of Job, which has been already cited, if correctly understood, will give the key to this whole matter of the Devil, his nature and office; and will substantiate our declarations. Let no pious individual take exception to this designation of allegory. Myth was the favorite and universal method of teaching in archaic times. Paul, writing to the Corinthians, declared that the entire story of Moses and the Israelites was typical;{{Footnote mark|*|fn1871}} and in his {{Style S-Italic|Epistle to the Galatians,}} asserted that the whole story of Abraham, his two wives, and their sons was an allegory.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1872}} Indeed, it is a theory amounting to certitude, that the historical books of the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament}} were of the same character. We take no extraordinary liberty with the {{Style S-Italic|Book of Job}} when we give it the same designation which Paul gave the stories of Abraham and Moses. | ||
But we ought, perhaps, to explain the ancient use of allegory and symbology. The truth in the former was left to be deduced; the symbol expressed some abstract quality of the Deity, which the laity could easily apprehend. Its higher sense terminated there; and it was employed by the multitude thenceforth as an image to be employed in idolatrous rites. But the allegory was reserved for the inner sanctuary, when only the elect were admitted. Hence the rejoinder of Jesus when his disciples interrogated him because he spoke to the multitude in parables. “To you,” said he, “it is given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but to them it is not given. For whosoever hath, to him shall be given, and he shall have more abundance; but whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken away even that he hath.” In the minor Mysteries a sow was washed to typify the purification of the neophyte; as her return to the mire indicated the superficial nature of the work that had been accomplished. | But we ought, perhaps, to explain the ancient use of allegory and symbology. The truth in the former was left to be deduced; the symbol expressed some abstract quality of the Deity, which the laity could easily apprehend. Its higher sense terminated there; and it was employed by the multitude thenceforth as an image to be employed in idolatrous rites. But the allegory was reserved for the inner sanctuary, when only the elect were admitted. Hence the rejoinder of Jesus when his disciples interrogated him because he spoke to the multitude in parables. “To you,” said he, “it is given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but to them it is not given. For whosoever hath, to him shall be given, and he shall have more abundance; but whosoever hath not, from him shall be taken away even that he hath.” In the minor Mysteries a sow was washed to typify the purification of the neophyte; as her return to the mire indicated the superficial nature of the work that had been accomplished. | ||
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The whole allegory of Job is an open book to him who understands the picture-language of Egypt as it is recorded in {{Style S-Italic|the Book of the Dead.}} In the Scene of Judgment, Osiris is represented sitting on his throne, | The whole allegory of Job is an open book to him who understands the picture-language of Egypt as it is recorded in {{Style S-Italic|the Book of the Dead.}} In the Scene of Judgment, Osiris is represented sitting on his throne, | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1871}} First Epistle to the Corinthians, x. 11.: “All these things happened unto them for {{Style S-Italic|types.”}} | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1872}} Epistle to the Galatians, iv. 24: “It is written that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bond-maid, the other by a freewoman . . . which things are an allegory.” | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
494 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|494|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
holding in one hand the symbol of life, “the hook of attraction,” and in the other the mystic Bacchic fan. Before him are the sons of God, the forty-two assessors of the dead. An altar is immediately before the throne, covered with gifts and surmounted with the sacred lotus-flower, upon which stand four spirits. By the entrance stands the soul about to be judged, whom Thmei, the genius of Truth, is welcoming to this conclusion of the probation. Thoth holding a reed, makes a record of the proceedings in the Book of Life. Horus and Anubis, standing by the scales, inspect the weight which determines whether the heart of the deceased balances the symbol of truth, or the latter preponderates. On pedestal sits a bitch—the symbol of the Accuser. | {{Style P-No indent|holding in one hand the symbol of life, “the hook of attraction,” and in the other the mystic Bacchic fan. Before him are the sons of God, the forty-two assessors of the dead. An altar is immediately before the throne, covered with gifts and surmounted with the sacred lotus-flower, upon which stand four spirits. By the entrance stands the soul about to be judged, whom Thmei, the genius of Truth, is welcoming to this conclusion of the probation. Thoth holding a reed, makes a record of the proceedings in the Book of Life. Horus and Anubis, standing by the scales, inspect the weight which determines whether the heart of the deceased balances the symbol of truth, or the latter preponderates. On pedestal sits a bitch—the symbol of the Accuser.}} | ||
Initiation into the Mysteries, as every intelligent person knows, was dramatic representation of scenes in the underworld. Such was the allegory of Job. | Initiation into the Mysteries, as every intelligent person knows, was dramatic representation of scenes in the underworld. Such was the allegory of Job. | ||
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The {{Style S-Italic|Book of Job}} is a complete representation of ancient initiation, and the trials which generally precede this grandest of all ceremonies. | The {{Style S-Italic|Book of Job}} is a complete representation of ancient initiation, and the trials which generally precede this grandest of all ceremonies. | ||
495 PERVERSIONS OF THE TEXT AND INTERPOLATIONS. | {{Page|495|PERVERSIONS OF THE TEXT AND INTERPOLATIONS.}} | ||
The neophyte perceives himself deprived of everything he valued, and afflicted with foul disease. His wife appeals to him to adore God and die; there was no more hope for him. Three friends appear on the scene by mutual appointment: Eliphaz, the learned Temanite, full of the knowledge “which wise men have told from their fathers—to whom alone the earth was given;” Bildad, the conservative, taking matters as they come, and judging Job to have done wickedly, because he was afflicted; and Zophar, intelligent and skilful with “generalities” but not interiorly wise. Job boldly responds: “If I have erred, it is a matter with myself. You magnify yourselves and plead against me in my reproach; but it is God who has overthrown me. Why do you persecute me and are not satisfied with my flesh thus wasted away? But I know that my Champion lives, and that at a coming day he will stand for me in the earth; and though, together with my skin, all this beneath it shall be destroyed, yet without my flesh I shall see God. . . . Ye shall say: ‘Why do we molest him?’ for the root of the matter is found in me!” | {{Style P-No indent|The neophyte perceives himself deprived of everything he valued, and afflicted with foul disease. His wife appeals to him to adore God and die; there was no more hope for him. Three friends appear on the scene by mutual appointment: Eliphaz, the learned Temanite, full of the knowledge “which wise men have told from their fathers—to whom alone the earth was given;” Bildad, the conservative, taking matters as they come, and judging Job to have done wickedly, because he was afflicted; and Zophar, intelligent and skilful with “generalities” but not interiorly wise. Job boldly responds: “If I have erred, it is a matter with myself. You magnify yourselves and plead against me in my reproach; but it is God who has overthrown me. Why do you persecute me and are not satisfied with my flesh thus wasted away? But I know that my Champion lives, and that at a coming day he will stand for me in the earth; and though, together with my skin, all this beneath it shall be destroyed, yet without my flesh I shall see God. . . . Ye shall say: ‘Why do we molest him?’ for the root of the matter is found in me!”}} | ||
This passage, like all others in which the faintest allusions could be found to a “Champion,” “Deliverer,” or “Vindicator,” was interpreted into a direct reference to the Messiah; but apart from the fact that in the Septuagint this verse is translated: | This passage, like all others in which the faintest allusions could be found to a “Champion,” “Deliverer,” or “Vindicator,” was interpreted into a direct reference to the Messiah; but apart from the fact that in the Septuagint this verse is translated: | ||
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To restore this skin of mine which endures these things,” etc. }} | To restore this skin of mine which endures these things,” etc. }} | ||
In King James’s version, as it stands translated, it has no resemblance whatever to the original. | In King James’s version, as it stands translated, it has no resemblance whatever to the original.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1873}} The crafty translators have rendered it, “I know that {{Style S-Italic|my Redeemer liveth,}} “etc. And yet {{Style S-Italic|Septuagint, Vulgate,}} and Hebrew original, have all to be considered as an inspired Word of God. Job refers to his own {{Style S-Italic|immortal}} spirit which is eternal, and which, when death comes, will deliver him from his putrid earthly body and clothe him with a new spiritual envelope. In the {{Style S-Italic|Mysteries of Eleusinia,}} in the Egyptian {{Style S-Italic|Book of the Dead,}} and all other works treating on matters of initiation, this “eternal being” has a name. With the Neo-platonists it was the {{Style S-Italic|Nous,}} the {{Style S-Italic|Augoeides;}} with the Buddhists it is {{Style S-Italic|Aggra;}} and with the Persians, {{Style S-Italic|Ferwer}}. All of these are called the “Deliverers,” the “Champions,” the “Metatrons,” etc. In the Mithraic sculptures of Persia, the {{Style S-Italic|ferwer}} is represented by a winged figure hovering in the air above its “object” or body.{{Footnote mark|†|fn1874}} It is the luminous Self—the Âtman of | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1873}} See “Job,” by various translators, and compare the different texts. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1874}} See Kerr Porter’s “Persia,” vol. i., plates 17, 41. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
496 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|496|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
the Hindus, our immortal spirit, who alone can redeem our soul; and will, if we follow him instead of being dragged down by our body. Therefore, in the Chaldean texts, the above reads, “My {{Style S-Italic|deliverer,}} my {{Style S-Italic|restorer,” i.e.,}} the Spirit who will restore the decayed body of man, and transform it into a clothing of ether. And it is this {{Style S-Italic|Nous, Augoeides, Ferwer, Aggra,}} Spirit of himself, that the triumphant Job shall see without his flesh—{{Style S-Italic|i.e}}., when he has escaped from his bodily prison, and that the translators call “God.” | {{Style P-No indent|the Hindus, our immortal spirit, who alone can redeem our soul; and will, if we follow him instead of being dragged down by our body. Therefore, in the Chaldean texts, the above reads, “My {{Style S-Italic|deliverer,}} my {{Style S-Italic|restorer,” i.e.,}} the Spirit who will restore the decayed body of man, and transform it into a clothing of ether. And it is this {{Style S-Italic|Nous, Augoeides, Ferwer, Aggra,}} Spirit of himself, that the triumphant Job shall see without his flesh—{{Style S-Italic|i.e}}., when he has escaped from his bodily prison, and that the translators call “God.”}} | ||
Not only is there not the slightest allusion in the poem of Job to Christ, but it is now well proved that all those versions by different translators, which agree with that of King James, were written on the authority of Jerome, who has taken strange liberties in his {{Style S-Italic|Vulgate.}} He was the first to cram into the text this verse of his own fabrication: | Not only is there not the slightest allusion in the poem of Job to Christ, but it is now well proved that all those versions by different translators, which agree with that of King James, were written on the authority of Jerome, who has taken strange liberties in his {{Style S-Italic|Vulgate.}} He was the first to cram into the text this verse of his own fabrication: | ||
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Instead of offering consolations, the three friends of the suffering Job seek to make him believe that his misfortune must have come in punishment of some extraordinary transgressions on his part. Hurling back upon them all their imputations, Job swears that while his breath is in him he will maintain his cause. He takes in view the period of his prosperity “when the secret of God was upon his tabernacles,” and he was a judge | Instead of offering consolations, the three friends of the suffering Job seek to make him believe that his misfortune must have come in punishment of some extraordinary transgressions on his part. Hurling back upon them all their imputations, Job swears that while his breath is in him he will maintain his cause. He takes in view the period of his prosperity “when the secret of God was upon his tabernacles,” and he was a judge | ||
497 JOB A SYMBOLICAL POEM UPON INITIATION. | {{Page|497|JOB A SYMBOLICAL POEM UPON INITIATION.}} | ||
“who sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, or one that comforteth the mourners,” and compares with it the present time—when vagrant Bedouins held him in derision, men “viler than the earth,” when he was prostrated by misfortune and foul disease. Then he asserts his sympathy for the unfortunate, his chastity, his integrity, his probity, his strict justice, his charities, his moderation, his freedom from the prevalent sun-worship, his tenderness to enemies, his hospitality to strangers, his openness of heart, his boldness for the right, though he encountered the multitude and the contempt of families; and invokes the Almighty to answer him, and his adversary to write down of what he had been guilty. | {{Style P-No indent|“who sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, or one that comforteth the mourners,” and compares with it the present time—when vagrant Bedouins held him in derision, men “viler than the earth,” when he was prostrated by misfortune and foul disease. Then he asserts his sympathy for the unfortunate, his chastity, his integrity, his probity, his strict justice, his charities, his moderation, his freedom from the prevalent sun-worship, his tenderness to enemies, his hospitality to strangers, his openness of heart, his boldness for the right, though he encountered the multitude and the contempt of families; and invokes the Almighty to answer him, and his adversary to write down of what he had been guilty.}} | ||
To this there was not, and could not be, any answer. The three had sought to crush Job by pleadings and general arguments, and he had demanded consideration for his specific acts. Then appeared the fourth; Elihu, the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram. | To this there was not, and could not be, any answer. The three had sought to crush Job by pleadings and general arguments, and he had demanded consideration for his specific acts. Then appeared the fourth; Elihu, the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1875}} | ||
Elihu is the hierophant; he begins with a rebuke, and the sophisms of Job’s false friends are swept away like the loose sand before the west wind. | Elihu is the hierophant; he begins with a rebuke, and the sophisms of Job’s false friends are swept away like the loose sand before the west wind. | ||
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And Job, who to the dogmatic fallacies of his three friends in the bitterness of his heart had exclaimed: “No doubt but ye are {{Style S-Italic|the}} people, and wisdom shall die with you. . . . Miserable comforters are ye all. . . . Surely I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God. But {{Style S-Italic|ye}} are forgers of lies, {{Style S-Italic|ye}} are physicians of no value!” The sore-eaten, visited Job, who in the face of the official clergy—offering for all hope the necessarianism of damnation, had in his despair nearly wavered in his patient faith, answered: “What {{Style S-Italic|ye}} know, {{Style S-Italic|the same}} do I know also; I am not inferior unto you. . . . Man cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, {{Style S-Italic|and continueth not}}. . . . Man dieth, and wasteth away, yea, man giveth up the ghost, and {{Style S-Italic|where is he?}} . . . If a man die shall he {{Style S-Italic|live}} again? . . . When a few years are come then I shall go the way {{Style S-Italic|whence}} I shall not return. . . . O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor!” | And Job, who to the dogmatic fallacies of his three friends in the bitterness of his heart had exclaimed: “No doubt but ye are {{Style S-Italic|the}} people, and wisdom shall die with you. . . . Miserable comforters are ye all. . . . Surely I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God. But {{Style S-Italic|ye}} are forgers of lies, {{Style S-Italic|ye}} are physicians of no value!” The sore-eaten, visited Job, who in the face of the official clergy—offering for all hope the necessarianism of damnation, had in his despair nearly wavered in his patient faith, answered: “What {{Style S-Italic|ye}} know, {{Style S-Italic|the same}} do I know also; I am not inferior unto you. . . . Man cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, {{Style S-Italic|and continueth not}}. . . . Man dieth, and wasteth away, yea, man giveth up the ghost, and {{Style S-Italic|where is he?}} . . . If a man die shall he {{Style S-Italic|live}} again? . . . When a few years are come then I shall go the way {{Style S-Italic|whence}} I shall not return. . . . O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor!” | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1875}} The expression “of the kindred of Ram” denotes that he was an Aramaean or Syrian from Mesopotamia. Buz was a son of Nahor. “Elihu son of Barachel” is susceptible of two translations. Eli-Hu—God is, or Hoa is God; and Barach-Al—the worshipper of God, or Bar-Rachel, the son of Rachel, or son of the ewe. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
498 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|498|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
Job finds one who answers to his cry of agony. He listens to the wisdom of Elihu, the hierophant, the perfected teacher, the inspired philosopher. From his stern lips comes the just rebuke for his impiety in charging upon the Supreme Being the evils of humanity. “God,” says Elihu, “is excellent in power, and in judgment, and in plenty of justice; He {{Style S-Italic|will not afflict.”}} | {{Style P-No indent|Job finds one who answers to his cry of agony. He listens to the wisdom of Elihu, the hierophant, the perfected teacher, the inspired philosopher. From his stern lips comes the just rebuke for his impiety in charging upon the Supreme Being the evils of humanity. “God,” says Elihu, “is excellent in power, and in judgment, and in plenty of justice; He {{Style S-Italic|will not afflict.”}}}} | ||
So long as the neophyte was satisfied with his own worldly wisdom and irreverent estimate of the Deity and His purposes; so long as he gave ear to the pernicious sophistries of his advisers, the hierophant kept silent. But, when this anxious mind was ready for counsel and instruction, his voice is heard, and he speaks with the authority of the Spirit of God that “constraineth” him: “Surely God will not hear {{Style S-Italic|vanity,}} neither will the Almighty regard it. . . . He respecteth not any that are wise at heart.” | So long as the neophyte was satisfied with his own worldly wisdom and irreverent estimate of the Deity and His purposes; so long as he gave ear to the pernicious sophistries of his advisers, the hierophant kept silent. But, when this anxious mind was ready for counsel and instruction, his voice is heard, and he speaks with the authority of the Spirit of God that “constraineth” him: “Surely God will not hear {{Style S-Italic|vanity,}} neither will the Almighty regard it. . . . He respecteth not any that are wise at heart.” | ||
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What better commentary than this upon the fashionable preacher, who “{{Style S-Italic|multiplieth}} words without knowledge!” This magnificent {{Style S-Italic|prophetic}} satire might have been written to prefigure the spirit that prevails in all the denominations of Christians. | What better commentary than this upon the fashionable preacher, who “{{Style S-Italic|multiplieth}} words without knowledge!” This magnificent {{Style S-Italic|prophetic}} satire might have been written to prefigure the spirit that prevails in all the denominations of Christians. | ||
Job hearkens to the words of wisdom, and then the “Lord” answers Job “out of the whirlwind” of nature, God’s first visible manifestation: “Stand still, O Job, stand still! and consider the wondrous works of God; for {{Style S-Italic|by them alone}} thou canst know God. ‘Behold, God is great, and {{Style S-Italic|we know him not,’}} Him who ‘maketh small the drops of water; {{Style S-Italic|but they}} pour down rain {{Style S-Italic|according to the vapor thereof;’” | Job hearkens to the words of wisdom, and then the “Lord” answers Job “out of the whirlwind” of nature, God’s first visible manifestation: “Stand still, O Job, stand still! and consider the wondrous works of God; for {{Style S-Italic|by them alone}} thou canst know God. ‘Behold, God is great, and {{Style S-Italic|we know him not,’}} Him who ‘maketh small the drops of water; {{Style S-Italic|but they}} pour down rain {{Style S-Italic|according to the vapor thereof;’”{{Page|*|fn1876}}}} not according to the divine whim, but to the once established and immutable laws. Which law “removeth the mountains and they know not; which shaketh the earth; which commandeth the sun, {{Style S-Italic|and it riseth not;}} and sealeth up the stars; . . . which doeth great things {{Style S-Italic|past finding out;}} yea, and {{Style S-Italic|wonders without number}}. . . . Lo, {{Style S-Italic|He goeth by me,}} and I see {{Style S-Italic|him not;}} he passeth on also, but {{Style S-Italic|I perceive him not!”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1877}}}} | ||
Then, “Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?” | Then, “Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1878}} speaks the voice of God through His mouthpiece—nature. “Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, {{Style S-Italic|if thou knowest?}} When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? . . . Wast thou present when I said to the seas, ‘Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further; and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?’ . . . Knowest thou who hath caused it to rain on the earth, {{Style S-Italic|where no man is;}} on the wilderness, wherein {{Style S-Italic|there is no man.}} . . . Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1876}} xxxvi. 24-27. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1877}} ix. 5-11. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1878}} xxxviii. 1, ''et passim''. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
499 THE NEOPHYTE IS BROUGHT TO LIGHT. | {{Page|499|THE NEOPHYTE IS BROUGHT TO LIGHT.}} | ||
of Orion? . . .Canst thou {{Style S-Italic|send lightnings,}} that they may go, and say unto thee, ‘Here we are?’” | {{Style P-No indent|of Orion? . . .Canst thou {{Style S-Italic|send lightnings,}} that they may go, and say unto thee, ‘Here we are?’”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1879}}}} | ||
“Then Job answered the Lord.” He understood His ways, and his eyes were opened for the first time. The Supreme Wisdom descended upon him; and if the reader remain puzzled before this final Petroma of initiation, at least Job, or the man “afflicted” in his blindness, then realized the impossibility of catching “Leviathan by putting a hook into his nose.” The Leviathan is occult science, on which one can lay his hand, but “ | “Then Job answered the Lord.” He understood His ways, and his eyes were opened for the first time. The Supreme Wisdom descended upon him; and if the reader remain puzzled before this final Petroma of initiation, at least Job, or the man “afflicted” in his blindness, then realized the impossibility of catching “Leviathan by putting a hook into his nose.” The Leviathan is occult science, on which one can lay his hand, but “''do no more'',”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1880}} whose power and “comely proportion” God wishes not to conceal. | ||
“Who can discover the face of his garment, or who can come to him with his {{Style S-Italic|double bridle?}} Who can open the doors of his face, ‘of him whose {{Style S-Italic|scales}} are his pride, shut up together as {{Style S-Italic|with a closed seal?’}} Through whose ‘neesings a light doth Shine,’ and whose eyes are like the lids of the morning.” Who “maketh a light to {{Style S-Italic|shine}} after him,” for those who have the fearlessness to approach him. And then they, like him, will behold “all {{Style S-Italic|high}} things, for he is king only over all the children of pride.” | “Who can discover the face of his garment, or who can come to him with his {{Style S-Italic|double bridle?}} Who can open the doors of his face, ‘of him whose {{Style S-Italic|scales}} are his pride, shut up together as {{Style S-Italic|with a closed seal?’}} Through whose ‘neesings a light doth Shine,’ and whose eyes are like the lids of the morning.” Who “maketh a light to {{Style S-Italic|shine}} after him,” for those who have the fearlessness to approach him. And then they, like him, will behold “all {{Style S-Italic|high}} things, for he is king only over all the children of pride.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1881}} | ||
Job, now in modest confidence, responded: | Job, now in modest confidence, responded: | ||
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Then in the judgment the deceased invokes four spirits who preside over the Lake of Fire, and is purified by them. He then is conducted to | Then in the judgment the deceased invokes four spirits who preside over the Lake of Fire, and is purified by them. He then is conducted to | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1879}} Job xxxviii. 35. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1880}} Ibid., xli. 8. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1881}} Ibid., xli. 34. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
500 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|500|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
his celestial house, and is received by Athar and Isis, and stands before {{Style S-Italic|Atum, | {{Style P-No indent|his celestial house, and is received by Athar and Isis, and stands before {{Style S-Italic|Atum,{{Footnote mark|*|fn1882}}}} the essential God. He is now {{Style S-Italic|Turu,}} the essential man, a pure spirit, and henceforth On-ati, the eye of fire, and an associate of the gods.}} | ||
This grandiose poem of Job was well understood by the kabalists. While many of the mediæval Hermetists were profoundly religious men, they were, in their innermost hearts—like kabalists of every age—the deadliest enemies of the clergy. How true the words of Paracelsus when worried by fierce persecution and slander, misunderstood by friends and foes, abused by clergy and laity, he exclaimed: | This grandiose poem of Job was well understood by the kabalists. While many of the mediæval Hermetists were profoundly religious men, they were, in their innermost hearts—like kabalists of every age—the deadliest enemies of the clergy. How true the words of Paracelsus when worried by fierce persecution and slander, misunderstood by friends and foes, abused by clergy and laity, he exclaimed: | ||
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“O ye of Paris, Padua, Montpellier, Salerno, Vienna, and Leipzig! Ye are not teachers of the truth, but confessors of lies. Your philosophy is a lie. Would you know {{Style S-Italic|what}} magic {{Style S-Italic|really is,}} then seek it in St. John’s {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}}. . . . As you cannot yourselves prove your teachings from the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} and the {{Style S-Italic|Revelation,}} then let your farces have an end. The {{Style S-Italic|Bible is the true key and interpreter.}} John, not less than Moses, Elias, Enoch, David, Solomon, Daniel, Jeremiah, and the rest of the prophets, was a {{Style S-Italic|magician,}} kabalist, and diviner. If now, all, or even any of those I have named, were yet living, I do not doubt that you would make an example of them in your miserable slaughter-house, and would annihilate them there on the spot, and {{Style S-Italic|if}} it were possible, the Creator of all things too!” | “O ye of Paris, Padua, Montpellier, Salerno, Vienna, and Leipzig! Ye are not teachers of the truth, but confessors of lies. Your philosophy is a lie. Would you know {{Style S-Italic|what}} magic {{Style S-Italic|really is,}} then seek it in St. John’s {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}}. . . . As you cannot yourselves prove your teachings from the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} and the {{Style S-Italic|Revelation,}} then let your farces have an end. The {{Style S-Italic|Bible is the true key and interpreter.}} John, not less than Moses, Elias, Enoch, David, Solomon, Daniel, Jeremiah, and the rest of the prophets, was a {{Style S-Italic|magician,}} kabalist, and diviner. If now, all, or even any of those I have named, were yet living, I do not doubt that you would make an example of them in your miserable slaughter-house, and would annihilate them there on the spot, and {{Style S-Italic|if}} it were possible, the Creator of all things too!” | ||
That Paracelsus had learned some mysterious and useful things out of {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}} and other {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} books, as well as from the {{Style S-Italic|Kabala,}} was proved by him practically; so much so, that he is called by many the “father of magic and founder of the occult physics of the {{Style S-Italic|Kabala}} and magnetism.” | That Paracelsus had learned some mysterious and useful things out of {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}} and other {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} books, as well as from the {{Style S-Italic|Kabala,}} was proved by him practically; so much so, that he is called by many the “father of magic and founder of the occult physics of the {{Style S-Italic|Kabala}} and magnetism.”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1883}} | ||
So firm was the popular belief in the supernatural powers of Paracelsus, that to this day the tradition survives among the simple-minded Alsatians that he is not dead, but “sleepeth in his grave” at Strasburg. | So firm was the popular belief in the supernatural powers of Paracelsus, that to this day the tradition survives among the simple-minded Alsatians that he is not dead, but “sleepeth in his grave” at Strasburg.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1884}} And they often whisper among themselves that the green sod heaves with every respiration of that weary breast, and that deep groans are heard as the great fire-philosopher awakes to the remembrance of the cruel wrongs he suffered at the hands of his cruel slanderers for the sake of the great truth! | ||
It will be perceived from these extended illustrations that the Satan of the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} the Diabolos or Devil of the {{Style S-Italic|Gospels}} and {{Style S-Italic|Apostolic Epistles}}, were but the antagonistic principle in matter, necessarily incident to it, and not wicked in the moral sense of the term. The Jews, | It will be perceived from these extended illustrations that the Satan of the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} the Diabolos or Devil of the {{Style S-Italic|Gospels}} and {{Style S-Italic|Apostolic Epistles}}, were but the antagonistic principle in matter, necessarily incident to it, and not wicked in the moral sense of the term. The Jews, | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1882}} ''Atum'', or At-ma, is the Concealed God, at once Phtha and Amon, Father and Son, Creator and thing created, Thought and Appearance, Father and Mother. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1883}} Molitor, Ennemoser, Henman, Pfaff, etc. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1884}} Schopheim: “Traditions,” p. 32. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
501 ORIENTAL AND CHRISTIAN SATANISM UNLIKE. | {{Page|501|ORIENTAL AND CHRISTIAN SATANISM UNLIKE.}} | ||
coming from the Persian country, brought with them the doctrine of {{Style S-Italic|two principles.}} They could not bring the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta,}} for it was not written. But they—we mean the {{Style S-Italic|Asidians}} and {{Style S-Italic|Pharsi—}}invested Ormazd with the secret name of יהוה, and Ahriman with the name of the gods of the land, Satan of the Hittites, and {{Style S-Italic|Diabolos,}} or rather Diobolos, of the Greeks. The early Church, at least the Pauline part of it, the Gnostics and their successors, further refined upon their ideas; and the Catholic Church adopted and adapted them, meanwhile putting their promulgators to the sword. | {{Style P-No indent|coming from the Persian country, brought with them the doctrine of {{Style S-Italic|two principles.}} They could not bring the {{Style S-Italic|Avesta,}} for it was not written. But they—we mean the {{Style S-Italic|Asidians}} and {{Style S-Italic|Pharsi—}}invested Ormazd with the secret name of {{Style S-Hebrew|יהוה}}, and Ahriman with the name of the gods of the land, Satan of the Hittites, and {{Style S-Italic|Diabolos,}} or rather Diobolos, of the Greeks. The early Church, at least the Pauline part of it, the Gnostics and their successors, further refined upon their ideas; and the Catholic Church adopted and adapted them, meanwhile putting their promulgators to the sword.}} | ||
The Protestant is a reaction from the Roman Catholic Church. It is necessarily not coherent in its parts, but a prodigious host of fragments beating their way round a common centre, attracting and repelling each other. Parts are centripetally impelled towards old Rome, or the system which enabled old Rome to exist; parts still recoil under the centrifugal impulse, and seek to rush into the broad ethereal region beyond Roman, or even Christian influence. | The Protestant is a reaction from the Roman Catholic Church. It is necessarily not coherent in its parts, but a prodigious host of fragments beating their way round a common centre, attracting and repelling each other. Parts are centripetally impelled towards old Rome, or the system which enabled old Rome to exist; parts still recoil under the centrifugal impulse, and seek to rush into the broad ethereal region beyond Roman, or even Christian influence. | ||
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But it may be argued, perhaps, that Hindu theology, both Brahmanical and Buddhistic, is as strongly impregnated with belief in objective devils as Christianity itself. There is a slight difference. This very {{Style S-Italic|subtlety}} of the Hindu mind is a sufficient warrant that the well-educated people, the learned portion, at least, of the Brahman and Buddhist divines, consider the Devil in another light. With them the Devil is a metaphysical abstraction, an allegory of necessary {{Style S-Italic|evil;}} while {{Style S-Italic|with Christians the myth has become a historical entity, the fundamental stone on which Christianity, with its dogma of redemption, is built.}} He is as necessary—as Des Mousseaux has shown—to the Church as the beast of the seventeenth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} was to his rider. The English-speaking Protestants, not finding the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} explicit enough, have adopted the {{Style S-Italic|Diabology}} of Milton’s celebrated poem, {{Style S-Italic|Paradise Lost,}} embellishing it somewhat from Goethe’s celebrated drama of {{Style S-Italic|Faust.}} John Milton, first a Puritan and finally a Quietist and Unitarian, never put forth his great production except as a work of fiction, but it thoroughly dovetailed together the different parts of Scripture. The Ilda-Baoth of the Ophites was transformed into an angel of light, and the morning star, and made the Devil in the first act of the {{Style S-Italic|Diabolic Drama.}} Then the twelfth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} was brought in for the second act. The great red Dragon was adopted as the same illustrious personage as {{Style S-Italic|Lucifer,}} and the last scene is his fall, like that of Vulcan-Hephaistos, from Heaven into the island of Lemnos; the fugitive hosts and their | But it may be argued, perhaps, that Hindu theology, both Brahmanical and Buddhistic, is as strongly impregnated with belief in objective devils as Christianity itself. There is a slight difference. This very {{Style S-Italic|subtlety}} of the Hindu mind is a sufficient warrant that the well-educated people, the learned portion, at least, of the Brahman and Buddhist divines, consider the Devil in another light. With them the Devil is a metaphysical abstraction, an allegory of necessary {{Style S-Italic|evil;}} while {{Style S-Italic|with Christians the myth has become a historical entity, the fundamental stone on which Christianity, with its dogma of redemption, is built.}} He is as necessary—as Des Mousseaux has shown—to the Church as the beast of the seventeenth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} was to his rider. The English-speaking Protestants, not finding the {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} explicit enough, have adopted the {{Style S-Italic|Diabology}} of Milton’s celebrated poem, {{Style S-Italic|Paradise Lost,}} embellishing it somewhat from Goethe’s celebrated drama of {{Style S-Italic|Faust.}} John Milton, first a Puritan and finally a Quietist and Unitarian, never put forth his great production except as a work of fiction, but it thoroughly dovetailed together the different parts of Scripture. The Ilda-Baoth of the Ophites was transformed into an angel of light, and the morning star, and made the Devil in the first act of the {{Style S-Italic|Diabolic Drama.}} Then the twelfth chapter of the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} was brought in for the second act. The great red Dragon was adopted as the same illustrious personage as {{Style S-Italic|Lucifer,}} and the last scene is his fall, like that of Vulcan-Hephaistos, from Heaven into the island of Lemnos; the fugitive hosts and their | ||
502 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|502|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
leader “coming to hard bottom” in Pandemonium. The third act is the Garden of Eden. Satan holds a council in a hall erected by him for his new empire, and determines to go forth on an exploring expedition in quest of the new world. The next acts relate to the fall of man, his career on earth, the advent of the Logos, or Son of God, and his redemption of mankind, or the elect portion of them, as the case may be. | {{Style P-No indent|leader “coming to hard bottom” in Pandemonium. The third act is the Garden of Eden. Satan holds a council in a hall erected by him for his new empire, and determines to go forth on an exploring expedition in quest of the new world. The next acts relate to the fall of man, his career on earth, the advent of the Logos, or Son of God, and his redemption of mankind, or the elect portion of them, as the case may be.}} | ||
This drama of {{Style S-Italic|Paradise Lost}} comprises the unformulated belief of English-speaking “evangelical Protestant Christians.” Disbelief of its main features is equivalent, in their view, to “denying Christ” and “blaspheming against the Holy Ghost.” If John Milton had supposed that his poem, instead of being regarded as a companion of Dante’s {{Style S-Italic|Divine Comedy,}} would have been considered as another {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} to supplement the {{Style S-Italic|Bible,}} and complete its demonology, it is more than probable that he would have borne his poverty more resolutely, and withheld it from the press. A later poet, Robert Pollok, taking his cue from this work, wrote another, {{Style S-Italic|The Course of Time,}} which bade fair for a season to take the rank of a later {{Style S-Italic|Scripture;}} but the nineteenth century has fortunately received a different inspiration, and the Scotch poet is falling into oblivion. | This drama of {{Style S-Italic|Paradise Lost}} comprises the unformulated belief of English-speaking “evangelical Protestant Christians.” Disbelief of its main features is equivalent, in their view, to “denying Christ” and “blaspheming against the Holy Ghost.” If John Milton had supposed that his poem, instead of being regarded as a companion of Dante’s {{Style S-Italic|Divine Comedy,}} would have been considered as another {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} to supplement the {{Style S-Italic|Bible,}} and complete its demonology, it is more than probable that he would have borne his poverty more resolutely, and withheld it from the press. A later poet, Robert Pollok, taking his cue from this work, wrote another, {{Style S-Italic|The Course of Time,}} which bade fair for a season to take the rank of a later {{Style S-Italic|Scripture;}} but the nineteenth century has fortunately received a different inspiration, and the Scotch poet is falling into oblivion. | ||
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The votaries of the ancient worship were persecuted and put to death on charges of witchcraft. The Albigenses, descendants of the Gnostics, and the Waldenses, precursors of the Protestants, were hunted and massacred under like accusations. Martin Luther himself was accused of | The votaries of the ancient worship were persecuted and put to death on charges of witchcraft. The Albigenses, descendants of the Gnostics, and the Waldenses, precursors of the Protestants, were hunted and massacred under like accusations. Martin Luther himself was accused of | ||
503 VARIOUS SORTIES OF SATAN. | {{Page|503|VARIOUS SORTIES OF SATAN.}} | ||
companionship with Satan in proper person. The whole Protestant world still lies under the same imputation. There is no distinction in the judgments of the Church between dissent, heresy, and witchcraft. And except where civil authority protects, they are alike capital offences. Religious liberty the Church regards as intolerance. | {{Style P-No indent|companionship with Satan in proper person. The whole Protestant world still lies under the same imputation. There is no distinction in the judgments of the Church between dissent, heresy, and witchcraft. And except where civil authority protects, they are alike capital offences. Religious liberty the Church regards as intolerance.}} | ||
But the reformers were nursed with the milk of their mother. Luther was as bloodthirsty as the Pope; Calvin more intolerant than Leo or Urban. Thirty years of war depopulated whole districts of Germany, Protestants and Catholics cruel alike. The new faith too opened its batteries against witchcraft. The statute books became crimsoned with bloody legislation in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Great Britain, and the North American Commonwealth. Whosoever was more liberal, more intelligent, more free speaking than his fellows was liable to arrest and death. The fires that were extinguished at Smithfield were kindled anew for magicians; it was safer to rebel against a throne than to pursue abstruse knowledge outside the orthodox dead-line. | But the reformers were nursed with the milk of their mother. Luther was as bloodthirsty as the Pope; Calvin more intolerant than Leo or Urban. Thirty years of war depopulated whole districts of Germany, Protestants and Catholics cruel alike. The new faith too opened its batteries against witchcraft. The statute books became crimsoned with bloody legislation in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Great Britain, and the North American Commonwealth. Whosoever was more liberal, more intelligent, more free speaking than his fellows was liable to arrest and death. The fires that were extinguished at Smithfield were kindled anew for magicians; it was safer to rebel against a throne than to pursue abstruse knowledge outside the orthodox dead-line. | ||
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Having now set forth the biography of the Devil from his first advent in India and Persia, his progress through Jewish, and both early and later Christian {{Style S-Italic|Theo}}logy down to the latest phases of his manifestation, we now turn back to review certain of the opinions extant in the earlier Christian centuries. | Having now set forth the biography of the Devil from his first advent in India and Persia, his progress through Jewish, and both early and later Christian {{Style S-Italic|Theo}}logy down to the latest phases of his manifestation, we now turn back to review certain of the opinions extant in the earlier Christian centuries. | ||
Avatars or incarnations were common to the old religions. India had them reduced to a system. The Persians expected Sosiosh, and the Jewish writers looked for a deliverer. Tacitus and Suetonius relate that the East was full of expectation of the Great Personage about the time of Octavius. “Thus doctrines obvious to Christians were the highest arcana of Paganism.” | Avatars or incarnations were common to the old religions. India had them reduced to a system. The Persians expected Sosiosh, and the Jewish writers looked for a deliverer. Tacitus and Suetonius relate that the East was full of expectation of the Great Personage about the time of Octavius. “Thus doctrines obvious to Christians were the highest arcana of Paganism.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1885}} The Maneros of Plutarch was a child of Pales- | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn188}} W. Williams: “Primitive History;” Dunlap: “Spirit History of Man.” | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
504 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|504|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
tine; | {{Style P-No indent|tine;{{Footnote mark|*|fn1886}} his mediator Mithras, the Saviour Osiris is the Messiah. In our present “{{Style S-Italic|Canonical Scriptures”}} are to be traced the vestigia of the ancient worships; and in the rites and ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church we find the forms of the Buddhistical worship, its ceremonies and hierarchy. The first {{Style S-Italic|Gospels,}} once as canonical as any of the present four, contain pages taken almost entire from Buddhistical narratives, as we are prepared to show. After the evidence furnished by Burnouf, Asoma, Korosi, Beal, Hardy, Schmidt, and translations from the {{Style S-Italic|Tripitaka,}} it is impossible to doubt that the whole Christian scheme emanated from the other. The “Miraculous Conception” miracles and other incidents are found in full in Hardy’s {{Style S-Italic|Manual of Buddhism.}} We can readily realize why the Roman Catholic Church is anxious to keep the common people in utter ignorance of the Hebrew {{Style S-Italic|Bible}} and the Greek literature. Philology and comparative Theology are her deadliest enemies. The deliberate falsifications of Nenæus, Epiphanius, Eusebius and Tertullian had become a necessity.}} | ||
The {{Style S-Italic|Sibylline Books}} at that period seem to have been regarded with extraordinary favor. One can easily perceive that they were inspired from the same source as those of the Gentile nations. | The {{Style S-Italic|Sibylline Books}} at that period seem to have been regarded with extraordinary favor. One can easily perceive that they were inspired from the same source as those of the Gentile nations. | ||
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Here is a leaf from Gallæus: | Here is a leaf from Gallæus: | ||
{{Style P- | {{Style P-Poem|poem=“New Light has arisen: | ||
Coming from Heaven, it assumed a mortal form. . . . | Coming from Heaven, it assumed a mortal form. . . . | ||
Virgin, receive God in thy pure bosom— | Virgin, receive God in thy pure bosom— | ||
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By a Virgin. . . . The new God-sent Star was adored by the Magi, | By a Virgin. . . . The new God-sent Star was adored by the Magi, | ||
The infant swathed was shown in a manger. . . . | The infant swathed was shown in a manger. . . . | ||
And Bethlehem was called “God-called country of the Word.” | And Bethlehem was called “God-called country of the Word.”{{Footnote mark|†|fn1887}} }} | ||
This looks at first-sight like a prophecy of Jesus. But could it not mean as well some other creative God? We have like utterances concerning Bacchus and Mithras. | This looks at first-sight like a prophecy of Jesus. But could it not mean as well some other creative God? We have like utterances concerning Bacchus and Mithras. | ||
“I, son of Deus, am come to the land of the Thebans—Bacchus, whom formerly Semele (the Virgin), the daughter of Kadmus (the man from the East) brings forth—being delivered by the lightning-bearing flame; and having taken a mortal form instead of God’s, I have arrived.” | “I, son of Deus, am come to the land of the Thebans—Bacchus, whom formerly Semele (the Virgin), the daughter of Kadmus (the man from the East) brings forth—being delivered by the lightning-bearing flame; and having taken a mortal form instead of God’s, I have arrived.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1888}} | ||
The {{Style S-Italic|Dionysiacs,}} written in the fifth century, serve to render this matter very clear, and even to show its close connection with the Christian legend of the birth of Jesus: | The {{Style S-Italic|Dionysiacs,}} written in the fifth century, serve to render this matter very clear, and even to show its close connection with the Christian legend of the birth of Jesus: | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1886}} Plutarch: “Isis and Osiris,” p. 17. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1887}} “Sibylline Oracles,” 760-788. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1888}} Euripides: “Bacchæ.” | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
505 THE SECRET OF PERSEPHONÉ. | {{Page|505|THE SECRET OF PERSEPHONÉ.}} | ||
{{Style P- | {{Style P-Poem|poem=“Korè-Persephoneia{{Footnote mark|*|fn1889}} . . . you were wived as the Dragon’s spouse, | ||
When {{Style S-Italic|Zeus,}} very coiled, his form and countenance changed, | When {{Style S-Italic|Zeus,}} very coiled, his form and countenance changed, | ||
A Dragon-Bridegroom, coiled in love-inspiring fold . . . | A Dragon-Bridegroom, coiled in love-inspiring fold . . . | ||
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Thus, by the alliance with the Dragon of Æther, | Thus, by the alliance with the Dragon of Æther, | ||
The womb of Persephonè became alive with fruit, | The womb of Persephonè became alive with fruit, | ||
Bearing Zagreus, | Bearing Zagreus,{{Footnote mark|†|fn1890}} the Horned Child.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1891}} }} | ||
Here we have the secret of the Ophite worship, and the origin of the Christian later- {{Style S-Italic|revised}} fable of the immaculate conception. The Gnostics were the earliest Christians with anything like a regular theological system, and it is only too evident that it was Jesus who was made to fit their theology as Christos, and not their theology that was developed out of his sayings and doings. Their ancestors had maintained, before the Christian era, that the Great Serpent—Jupiter, the Dragon of Life, the Father and “Good Divinity,” had glided into the couch of Semele, and now, the post-Christian Gnostics, with a very trifling change, applied the same fable to the man Jesus, and asserted that the same “Good Divinity,” Saturn (Ilda-Baoth), had, in the shape of the Dragon of Life, glided over the cradle of the infant Mary. | Here we have the secret of the Ophite worship, and the origin of the Christian later- {{Style S-Italic|revised}} fable of the immaculate conception. The Gnostics were the earliest Christians with anything like a regular theological system, and it is only too evident that it was Jesus who was made to fit their theology as Christos, and not their theology that was developed out of his sayings and doings. Their ancestors had maintained, before the Christian era, that the Great Serpent—Jupiter, the Dragon of Life, the Father and “Good Divinity,” had glided into the couch of Semele, and now, the post-Christian Gnostics, with a very trifling change, applied the same fable to the man Jesus, and asserted that the same “Good Divinity,” Saturn (Ilda-Baoth), had, in the shape of the Dragon of Life, glided over the cradle of the infant Mary.{{Footnote mark|§|fn1892}} In their eyes the Serpent was the Logos—Christos, the incarnation of Divine Wisdom, through his Father Ennola and Mother Sophia. | ||
“Now my mother, the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost) took me,” Jesus is made to say in the {{Style S-Italic|Gospel of the Hebrews, | “Now my mother, the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost) took me,” Jesus is made to say in the {{Style S-Italic|Gospel of the Hebrews,{{Footnote mark|║|fn1893}}}} thus entering upon his part of Christos—the Son of Sophia, the Holy Spirit.{{Footnote mark|¶|fn1894}} | ||
“The {{Style S-Italic|Holy Ghost shall come upon thee,}} and the Power of the Highest shall overshadow thee; therefore, that {{Style S-Italic|holy}} thing which shall be born of thee shall be called Son of God,” says the angel ({{Style S-Italic|Luke}} i. 35). | “The {{Style S-Italic|Holy Ghost shall come upon thee,}} and the Power of the Highest shall overshadow thee; therefore, that {{Style S-Italic|holy}} thing which shall be born of thee shall be called Son of God,” says the angel ({{Style S-Italic|Luke}} i. 35). | ||
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“God . . . hath at the last of these days spoken to us by a Son, | “God . . . hath at the last of these days spoken to us by a Son, | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1889}} We doubt the propriety of rendering κορη, virgin. Demeter and Persephoneia were substantially the same divinity, as were Apollo and Esculapius. The scene of this adventure is laid in {{Style S-Italic|Krete}} or {{Style S-Italic|Koureteia,}} where Zeus was chief god. It was, doubtless{{Style S-Italic|, Keres}} or Demeter that is intended. She was also named κουρα, which is the same as κωρη. As she was the goddess of the Mysteries, she was fittest for the place as consort of the Serpent-God and mother of Zagreus. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1890}} Pococke considers Zeus a grand lama, or chief Jaina, and Kore-Persephone, or Kuru-Parasu-pani. Zagreus, is Chakras, the wheel, or circle, the earth, the ruler of the world. He was killed by the Titans, or Teith-ans (Daityas). The Horns or crescent was a badge of Lamaic sovereignty. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1891}} Nonnus: “Dionysiacs.” | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1892}} See Deane’s “Serpent Worship,” pp. 89, 90. | |||
{{Footnote return|║|fn1893}} Creuzer: “Symbol.,” vol. i., p. 341. | |||
{{Footnote return|¶|fn1894}} The Dragon is the sun, the generative principle—Jupiter-Zeus; and Jupiter is called the “Holy Spirit” by the Egyptians, says Plutarch, “De Iside,” xxxvi. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
506 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|506|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the Æons” (Paul: {{Style S-Italic|Heb.}} i.). | {{Style P-No indent|whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the Æons” (Paul: {{Style S-Italic|Heb.}} i.).{{Footnote mark|*|fn1895}}}} | ||
All such expressions are so many Christian quotations from the {{Style S-Italic|Nonnus}} verse “. . . through the Ætherial Draconteum,” for Ether is the Holy Ghost or third person of the Trinity—the Hawk-headed Serpent, the Egyptian Kneph, emblem of the Divine Mind | All such expressions are so many Christian quotations from the {{Style S-Italic|Nonnus}} verse “. . . through the Ætherial Draconteum,” for Ether is the Holy Ghost or third person of the Trinity—the Hawk-headed Serpent, the Egyptian Kneph, emblem of the Divine Mind{{Footnote mark|†|fn1896}} and Plato’s universal soul. | ||
“I, Wisdom, came out of the mouth of the Most High, and {{Style S-Italic|covered the earth as a cloud.”}} | “I, Wisdom, came out of the mouth of the Most High, and {{Style S-Italic|covered the earth as a cloud.”}}{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1897}} | ||
Pimander, the Logos, issues from the Infinite Darkness, and covers the earth with clouds which, serpentine-like, spread all over the earth (See Champollion’s {{Style S-Italic|Egypte}}){{Style S-Italic|.}} The Logos is the {{Style S-Italic|oldest}} image of God, and he is the {{Style S-Italic|active}} Logos, says Philo. | Pimander, the Logos, issues from the Infinite Darkness, and covers the earth with clouds which, serpentine-like, spread all over the earth (See Champollion’s {{Style S-Italic|Egypte}}){{Style S-Italic|.}} The Logos is the {{Style S-Italic|oldest}} image of God, and he is the {{Style S-Italic|active}} Logos, says Philo.{{Footnote mark|§|fn1898}} The Father is the {{Style S-Italic|Latent Thought.}} | ||
This idea being universal, we find an identical phraseology to express it, among Pagans, Jews, and early Christians. The Chaldeo-Persian {{Style S-Italic|Logos}} is the Only-Begotten of the Father in the Babylonian cosmogony of Eudemus. “Hymn now, Eli, child of Deus,” begins a Homeric hymn to the sun. | This idea being universal, we find an identical phraseology to express it, among Pagans, Jews, and early Christians. The Chaldeo-Persian {{Style S-Italic|Logos}} is the Only-Begotten of the Father in the Babylonian cosmogony of Eudemus. “Hymn now, Eli, child of Deus,” begins a Homeric hymn to the sun.{{Footnote mark|║|fn1899}} Sol-Mithra is an “image of the Father,” as the kabalistic Seir-Anpin. | ||
That of all the various nations of antiquity, there never was one which believed in a personal devil more than liberal Christians in the nineteenth century, seems hardly credible, and yet such is the sorrowful fact. Neither the Egyptians, whom Porphyry terms “the most learned nation of the world,” | That of all the various nations of antiquity, there never was one which believed in a personal devil more than liberal Christians in the nineteenth century, seems hardly credible, and yet such is the sorrowful fact. Neither the Egyptians, whom Porphyry terms “the most learned nation of the world,”{{Footnote mark|¶|fn1900}} nor Greece, its faithful copyist, were ever guilty of such a crowning absurdity. We may add at once that none of them, not even the ancient Jews, believed in hell or an eternal damnation any more than in the Devil, although our Christian churches are so liberal in dealing it out to the heathen. Wherever the word “hell” occurs in the translations of the Hebrew sacred texts, it is unfortunate. The Hebrews were ignorant of such an idea; but yet the gospels contain frequent examples of the same misunderstanding. So, when Jesus is made to say ({{Style S-Italic|Matthew}} xvi. 18) “. . . and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it,” in the original text it stands “the gates of ''death''.” | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1895}} In the original it stands {{Style S-Italic|Æons}} (emanations). In the translation it stands {{Style S-Italic|worlds}}. It was not to be expected that, after anathematizing the doctrine of emanations, the Church would refrain from erasing the original word, which clashed diametrically with her newly-enforced dogma of the Trinity. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1896}} See Dean’s “Serpent Worship,” p. 145. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1897}} Ecclesiasticus xxiv. 3. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1898}} See Dunlap’s “Spirit History of Man,” the chapter on “the Logos, the Only Begotten and the King.” | |||
{{Footnote return|║|fn1899}} Translated by Buckley. | |||
{{Footnote return|¶|fn1900}} “Select Works on Sacrifice.” | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
{{ | {{Page|507|PYTHON AND TYPHON SHADOWS OF THE LIGHT.}} | ||
Never is the word “hell”—as applied to the state of {{Style S-Italic|damnation,}} either temporary or eternal—used in any passage of the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} all hellists to the contrary, notwithstanding. “Tophet,” or “the Valley of Hinnom” ({{Style S-Italic|Isaiah}} lxvi. 24) bears no such interpretation. The Greek term “Gehenna” has also quite a different meaning, as it has been proved conclusively by more than one competent writer, that “Gehenna” is identical with the Homeric Tartarus. | {{Style P-No indent|Never is the word “hell”—as applied to the state of {{Style S-Italic|damnation,}} either temporary or eternal—used in any passage of the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament,}} all hellists to the contrary, notwithstanding. “Tophet,” or “the Valley of Hinnom” ({{Style S-Italic|Isaiah}} lxvi. 24) bears no such interpretation. The Greek term “Gehenna” has also quite a different meaning, as it has been proved conclusively by more than one competent writer, that “Gehenna” is identical with the Homeric Tartarus.}} | ||
In fact, we have Peter himself as authority for it. In his second {{Style S-Italic|Epistle}} (ii | In fact, we have Peter himself as authority for it. In his second {{Style S-Italic|Epistle}} (ii. 2) the Apostle, in the original text, is made to say of the sinning angels that God “cast them down into {{Style S-Italic|Tartarus.”}} This expression too inconveniently recalling the war of Jupiter and the Titans, was altered, and now it reads, in King James’s version: “cast them down to hell.” | ||
In the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament}} the expressions “gates of death,” and the “chambers of death,” simply allude to the “gates of the grave,” which are specifically mentioned in the {{Style S-Italic|Psalms}} and {{Style S-Italic|Proverbs.}} Hell and its sovereign are both inventions of Christianity, coëval with its accession to power and resort to tyranny. They were hallucinations born of the nightmares of the SS. Anthonys in the desert. Before our era the ancient sages knew the “Father of Evil,” and treated him no better than an ass, the chosen symbol of Typhon, “the Devil.” | In the {{Style S-Italic|Old Testament}} the expressions “gates of death,” and the “chambers of death,” simply allude to the “gates of the grave,” which are specifically mentioned in the {{Style S-Italic|Psalms}} and {{Style S-Italic|Proverbs.}} Hell and its sovereign are both inventions of Christianity, coëval with its accession to power and resort to tyranny. They were hallucinations born of the nightmares of the SS. Anthonys in the desert. Before our era the ancient sages knew the “Father of Evil,” and treated him no better than an ass, the chosen symbol of Typhon, “the Devil.”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1901}} Sad degeneration of human brains! | ||
As Typhon was the dark shadow of his brother Osiris, so Python is the evil side of Apollo, the bright god of visions, the seer and the soothsayer. He is killed by Python, but kills him in his turn, thus redeeming humanity from sin. It was in memory of this deed that the priestesses of the sun-god enveloped themselves in the snake-skin, typical of the fabulous monster. Under its exhilarating influence—the serpent’s skin being considered magnetic—the priestesses fell into magnetic trances, and “receiving their voice from Apollo,” they became prophetic and delivered oracles. | As Typhon was the dark shadow of his brother Osiris, so Python is the evil side of Apollo, the bright god of visions, the seer and the soothsayer. He is killed by Python, but kills him in his turn, thus redeeming humanity from sin. It was in memory of this deed that the priestesses of the sun-god enveloped themselves in the snake-skin, typical of the fabulous monster. Under its exhilarating influence—the serpent’s skin being considered magnetic—the priestesses fell into magnetic trances, and “receiving their voice from Apollo,” they became prophetic and delivered oracles. | ||
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St. John is known to have travelled in Asia, a country governed by Magi and imbued with Zoroastrian ideas, and in those days full of Buddhist | St. John is known to have travelled in Asia, a country governed by Magi and imbued with Zoroastrian ideas, and in those days full of Buddhist | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1901}} Typhon is called by Plutarch and Sanchoniathon, “Tuphon, the {{Style S-Italic|red}}-skinned.” Plutarch: “Isis and Osiris,” xxi.-xxvi. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
508 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|508|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
missionaries. Had he never visited those places and come in contact with Buddhists, it is doubtful whether the {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}} would have been written. Besides his ideas of the dragon, he gives prophetic narratives entirely unknown to the other apostles, and which, relating to the second advent, make of Christ a faithful copy of Vishnu. | {{Style P-No indent|missionaries. Had he never visited those places and come in contact with Buddhists, it is doubtful whether the {{Style S-Italic|Revelation}} would have been written. Besides his ideas of the dragon, he gives prophetic narratives entirely unknown to the other apostles, and which, relating to the second advent, make of Christ a faithful copy of Vishnu.}} | ||
Thus Ophios and Ophiomorphos, Apollo and Python, Osiris and Typhon, Christos and the Serpent, are all convertible terms. They are all Logoi, and one is unintelligible without the other, as day could not be known had we no night. All are regenerators and saviours, one in a spiritual, the other in a physical sense. One insures immortality for the Divine Spirit; the other gives it through regeneration of the seed. The Saviour of mankind has to die, because he unveils to humanity the great secret of the immortal ego; the serpent of {{Style S-Italic|Genesis}} is cursed because he said to {{Style S-Italic|matter,}} “Ye shall not die.” In the world of Paganism the counterpart of the “serpent” is the second Hermes, the reïncarnation of Hermes Trismegistus. | Thus Ophios and Ophiomorphos, Apollo and Python, Osiris and Typhon, Christos and the Serpent, are all convertible terms. They are all Logoi, and one is unintelligible without the other, as day could not be known had we no night. All are regenerators and saviours, one in a spiritual, the other in a physical sense. One insures immortality for the Divine Spirit; the other gives it through regeneration of the seed. The Saviour of mankind has to die, because he unveils to humanity the great secret of the immortal ego; the serpent of {{Style S-Italic|Genesis}} is cursed because he said to {{Style S-Italic|matter,}} “Ye shall not die.” In the world of Paganism the counterpart of the “serpent” is the second Hermes, the reïncarnation of Hermes Trismegistus. | ||
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It has been repeatedly stated by the Christian missionaries in Ceylon and India that the people are steeped in demonolatry; that they are devil-worshippers, in the full sense of the word. Without any exaggeration we say that they are no more so than the masses of uneducated Christians. But even were they worshippers of (which is more than believers in) the Devil, yet there is a great difference between the teachings of their clergy on the subject of a personal devil and the dogmas of Catholic preachers and many Protestant ministers also. The Christian priests are bound to teach and impress upon the minds of their flock the existence of the Devil, and the opening pages of the present chapter show the reason why. But not only will the Cingalese Oepasampala, who belong to the highest priesthood, not confess to belief in a personal demon but even the Samenaira, the candidates and novices, would laugh at the idea. Everything in the external worship of the Buddhists is allegorical and is never otherwise accepted or taught by the educated {{Style S-Italic|pungis}} (pundits). The accusation that they allow, and tacitly agree to leave the poor people steeped in the most degrading superstitions, is not without foundation; but that they enforce such superstitions, we most vehemently deny. And in this they appear to advantage beside our Christian clergy, who (at least those who have not allowed their fanaticism to interfere with their brains), without believing a word of it, yet preach the existence of the Devil, as the personal enemy of a personal God, and the evil genius of mankind. | It has been repeatedly stated by the Christian missionaries in Ceylon and India that the people are steeped in demonolatry; that they are devil-worshippers, in the full sense of the word. Without any exaggeration we say that they are no more so than the masses of uneducated Christians. But even were they worshippers of (which is more than believers in) the Devil, yet there is a great difference between the teachings of their clergy on the subject of a personal devil and the dogmas of Catholic preachers and many Protestant ministers also. The Christian priests are bound to teach and impress upon the minds of their flock the existence of the Devil, and the opening pages of the present chapter show the reason why. But not only will the Cingalese Oepasampala, who belong to the highest priesthood, not confess to belief in a personal demon but even the Samenaira, the candidates and novices, would laugh at the idea. Everything in the external worship of the Buddhists is allegorical and is never otherwise accepted or taught by the educated {{Style S-Italic|pungis}} (pundits). The accusation that they allow, and tacitly agree to leave the poor people steeped in the most degrading superstitions, is not without foundation; but that they enforce such superstitions, we most vehemently deny. And in this they appear to advantage beside our Christian clergy, who (at least those who have not allowed their fanaticism to interfere with their brains), without believing a word of it, yet preach the existence of the Devil, as the personal enemy of a personal God, and the evil genius of mankind. | ||
509 THE CINGALESE DEMON RAWHO. | {{Page|509|THE CINGALESE DEMON RAWHO.}} | ||
St. George’s Dragon, which figures so promiscuously in the grandest cathedrals of the Christians, is not a whit handsomer than the King of Snakes, the Buddhist Nammadānam-nāraya, the great Dragon. If the planetary Demon Rawho, is believed, in the popular superstition of the Cingalese, to endeavor to destroy the moon by swallowing it; and if in China and Tartary the rabble is allowed, without rebuke, to beat gongs and make fearful noises to drive the monster away from its prey during the eclipses, why should the Catholic clergy find fault, or call this superstition? Do not the country clergy in Southern France do the same, occasionally, at the appearance of comets, eclipses, and other celestial phenomena? In 1456, when Halley’s comet made its appearance, “so tremendous was its apparition,” writes Draper, “that it was necessary for the Pope himself to interfere. He exorcised and expelled it from the skies. It slunk away into the abysses of space, terror-stricken by the maledictions of Calixtus III., and did not venture back for seventy-five years!” | St. George’s Dragon, which figures so promiscuously in the grandest cathedrals of the Christians, is not a whit handsomer than the King of Snakes, the Buddhist Nammadānam-nāraya, the great Dragon. If the planetary Demon Rawho, is believed, in the popular superstition of the Cingalese, to endeavor to destroy the moon by swallowing it; and if in China and Tartary the rabble is allowed, without rebuke, to beat gongs and make fearful noises to drive the monster away from its prey during the eclipses, why should the Catholic clergy find fault, or call this superstition? Do not the country clergy in Southern France do the same, occasionally, at the appearance of comets, eclipses, and other celestial phenomena? In 1456, when Halley’s comet made its appearance, “so tremendous was its apparition,” writes Draper, “that it was necessary for the Pope himself to interfere. He exorcised and expelled it from the skies. It slunk away into the abysses of space, terror-stricken by the maledictions of Calixtus III., and did not venture back for seventy-five years!”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1902}} | ||
We never heard of any Christian clergyman or Pope trying to disabuse ignorant minds of the belief that the Devil had anything to do with eclipses and comets; but we do find a Buddhist chief priest saying to an official who twitted him with this superstition: “Our Cingalese religious books teach that the eclipses of the sun and moon denote an attack of Rahu | We never heard of any Christian clergyman or Pope trying to disabuse ignorant minds of the belief that the Devil had anything to do with eclipses and comets; but we do find a Buddhist chief priest saying to an official who twitted him with this superstition: “Our Cingalese religious books teach that the eclipses of the sun and moon denote an attack of Rahu{{Footnote mark|†|fn1903}} (one of the nine planets) {{Style S-Italic|not by a devil.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1904}}}} | ||
The origin of the “Dragon” myth so prominent in the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} and {{Style S-Italic|Golden Legend,}} and of the fable about Simeon Stylites converting the Dragon, is undeniably Buddhistic and even pre-Buddhistic. It was Gautama’s pure doctrines which reclaimed to Buddhism the Cashmerians whose primitive worship was the Ophite or Serpent worship. Frankincense and flowers replaced the human sacrifices and belief in personal demons. It became the turn of Christianity to inherit the degrading superstition about devils invested with pestilential and murderous powers. The {{Style S-Italic|Mahâvansa,}} oldest of the Ceylonese books, relates the story of King Covercapal (cobra-de-capello), the snake-god, who was converted to Buddhism by a holy Rahat; | The origin of the “Dragon” myth so prominent in the {{Style S-Italic|Apocalypse}} and {{Style S-Italic|Golden Legend,}} and of the fable about Simeon Stylites converting the Dragon, is undeniably Buddhistic and even pre-Buddhistic. It was Gautama’s pure doctrines which reclaimed to Buddhism the Cashmerians whose primitive worship was the Ophite or Serpent worship. Frankincense and flowers replaced the human sacrifices and belief in personal demons. It became the turn of Christianity to inherit the degrading superstition about devils invested with pestilential and murderous powers. The {{Style S-Italic|Mahâvansa,}} oldest of the Ceylonese books, relates the story of King Covercapal (cobra-de-capello), the snake-god, who was converted to Buddhism by a holy Rahat;{{Footnote mark|§|fn1905}} and it is earlier, by all odds, than the {{Style S-Italic|Golden Legend}} which tells the same of Simeon the Stylite and his Dragon. | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1902}} “Conflict between Religion and Science,” p. 269. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1903}} Rahu and Kehetty are the two fixed stars which form the head and tail of the constellation of the Dragon. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1904}} E. Upham: “The Mahavansi, etc.,” p. 54, for the answer given by the chief-priest of Mulgirs Galle Vihari, named Sue Bandare Metankere Samanere Samavahanse, to a Dutch Governor in 1766. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1905}} We leave it to the learned archæologists and philologists to decide how the {{Style S-Italic|Naga}} or Serpent worship could travel from Kashmir to Mexico and become the Nargal worship, which is also a Serpent worship, and a doctrine of lycanthropy. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
510 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|510|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
The Logos triumphs once more over the great Dragon; Michael, the luminous archangel, chief of the Æons, conquers Satan. | The Logos triumphs once more over the great Dragon; Michael, the luminous archangel, chief of the Æons, conquers Satan.{{Footnote mark|*|fn1906}} | ||
It is a fact worthy of remark, that so long as the initiate kept silent “on what he knew,” he was perfectly safe. So was it in days of old, and so it is now. As soon as the Christian God, emanating forth from {{Style S-Italic|Silence,}} manifested himself as the {{Style S-Italic|Word}} or Logos, the latter became the cause of his death. The serpent is the symbol of wisdom and eloquence, but it is likewise the symbol of destruction. “To dare, to know, to will, {{Style S-Italic|and be silent,}}” are the cardinal axioms of the kabalist. Like Apollo and other gods, Jesus is killed by his {{ | It is a fact worthy of remark, that so long as the initiate kept silent “on what he knew,” he was perfectly safe. So was it in days of old, and so it is now. As soon as the Christian God, emanating forth from {{Style S-Italic|Silence,}} manifested himself as the {{Style S-Italic|Word}} or Logos, the latter became the cause of his death. The serpent is the symbol of wisdom and eloquence, but it is likewise the symbol of destruction. “To dare, to know, to will, {{Style S-Italic|and be silent,}}” are the cardinal axioms of the kabalist. Like Apollo and other gods, Jesus is killed by his ''Logos'';{{Footnote mark|†|fn1907}} he rises again, kills him in his turn, and becomes his master. Can it be that this old symbol has, like the rest of ancient philosophical conceptions, more than one allegorical and never-suspected meaning? The coincidences are too strange to be results of mere chance. | ||
And now that we have shown this identity between Michael and Satan, and the Saviours and Dragons of other people, what can be more clear than that all these philosophical fables originated in India, that universal hot-bed of metaphysical mysticism? “The world,” says Ramatsariar, in his comments upon the {{Style S-Italic|Vedas,}} “commenced with a contest between the Spirit of Good and the Spirit of Evil, and so must end. After the destruction of matter evil can no longer exist, it must return to naught.” | And now that we have shown this identity between Michael and Satan, and the Saviours and Dragons of other people, what can be more clear than that all these philosophical fables originated in India, that universal hot-bed of metaphysical mysticism? “The world,” says Ramatsariar, in his comments upon the {{Style S-Italic|Vedas,}} “commenced with a contest between the Spirit of Good and the Spirit of Evil, and so must end. After the destruction of matter evil can no longer exist, it must return to naught.”{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1908}} | ||
In the {{Style S-Italic|Apologia,}} Tertullian falsifies most palpably every doctrine and belief of the Pagans as to the oracles and gods. He calls them, indifferently, demons and devils, accusing the latter of taking possession of even the birds of the air! What Christian would now dare doubt such an authority? Did not the Psalmist exclaim: “All the gods of the nations are {{Style S-Italic|idols;”}} and the Angel of the School, Thomas Aquinas, explains, on his own {{Style S-Italic|kabalistic}} authority, the word {{Style S-Italic|idols}} by {{Style S-Italic|devils?}} “They come to men,” he says, “and offer themselves to their adoration by operating certain things which seem miraculous.” | In the {{Style S-Italic|Apologia,}} Tertullian falsifies most palpably every doctrine and belief of the Pagans as to the oracles and gods. He calls them, indifferently, demons and devils, accusing the latter of taking possession of even the birds of the air! What Christian would now dare doubt such an authority? Did not the Psalmist exclaim: “All the gods of the nations are {{Style S-Italic|idols;”}} and the Angel of the School, Thomas Aquinas, explains, on his own {{Style S-Italic|kabalistic}} authority, the word {{Style S-Italic|idols}} by {{Style S-Italic|devils?}} “They come to men,” he says, “and offer themselves to their adoration by operating certain things which seem miraculous.”{{Footnote mark|§|fn1909}} | ||
The Fathers were prudent as they were wise in their inventions. To be impartial, after having created a Devil, they set to creating apocryphal saints. We have named several in preceding chapters; but we must not forget Baronius, who having read in a work of Chrysostom about the holy {{Style S-Italic|Xenoris,}} the word meaning a {{Style S-Italic|pair,}} a couple, mistook it for the | The Fathers were prudent as they were wise in their inventions. To be impartial, after having created a Devil, they set to creating apocryphal saints. We have named several in preceding chapters; but we must not forget Baronius, who having read in a work of Chrysostom about the holy {{Style S-Italic|Xenoris,}} the word meaning a {{Style S-Italic|pair,}} a couple, mistook it for the | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1906}} Michael, the chief of the Æons, is also “Gabriel, the messenger of Life,” of the Nazarenes, and the Hindu Indra, the chief of the good Spirits, who vanquished Vasouki, the Demon who rebelled against Brahma. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1907}} See the Gnostic amulet called the “Chnuphis-Serpent,” in the act of raising its head crowned with the {{Style S-Italic|seven vowels,}} which is the kabalistic symbol for signifying the “gift of speech to man,” or {{Style S-Italic|Logos.}} | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1908}} “Tamas, the Vedas.” | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1909}} Thomas Aquinas: “Summa,” ii., 94 Art. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
511 THE MEPHISTOPHELES OF GOETHE. | {{Page|511|THE MEPHISTOPHELES OF GOETHE.}} | ||
name of a saint, and proceeded forthwith to create of it a {{Style S-Italic|martyr}} of Antioch, and went on to give a most detailed and authentic biography of the “blessed martyr.” Other theologians made of Apollyon—or rather {{Style S-Italic|Apolouôn—}}the anti-Christ. Apolouôn is Plato’s “washer,” the god {{Style S-Italic|who purifies,}} who washes off, and {{Style S-Italic|releases}} us from sin, but he was thus transformed into him “whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon”—Devil! | {{Style P-No indent|name of a saint, and proceeded forthwith to create of it a {{Style S-Italic|martyr}} of Antioch, and went on to give a most detailed and authentic biography of the “blessed martyr.” Other theologians made of Apollyon—or rather {{Style S-Italic|Apolouôn—}}the anti-Christ. Apolouôn is Plato’s “washer,” the god {{Style S-Italic|who purifies,}} who washes off, and {{Style S-Italic|releases}} us from sin, but he was thus transformed into him “whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon”—Devil!}} | ||
Max Müller says that the serpent in Paradise is a conception which might have sprung up among the Jews, and “seems hardly to invite comparison with the much grander conceptions of the terrible power of Vritra and Ahriman in the {{Style S-Italic|Veda}} and {{Style S-Italic|Avesta}}.” With the kabalists the Devil was always a myth—God or good reversed. That modern Magus, Eliphas Levi, calls the Devil {{Style S-Italic|l’ivresse astrale}}. It is a blind force like electricity, he says; and, speaking allegorically, as he always did, Jesus remarked that he “beheld Satan like lightning fall from Heaven.” | Max Müller says that the serpent in Paradise is a conception which might have sprung up among the Jews, and “seems hardly to invite comparison with the much grander conceptions of the terrible power of Vritra and Ahriman in the {{Style S-Italic|Veda}} and {{Style S-Italic|Avesta}}.” With the kabalists the Devil was always a myth—God or good reversed. That modern Magus, Eliphas Levi, calls the Devil {{Style S-Italic|l’ivresse astrale}}. It is a blind force like electricity, he says; and, speaking allegorically, as he always did, Jesus remarked that he “beheld Satan like lightning fall from Heaven.” | ||
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This is at once sound logic and good sound law, for is it not a maxim of jurisprudence: {{Style S-Italic|“Qui facit per alium, facit per se?”}} | This is at once sound logic and good sound law, for is it not a maxim of jurisprudence: {{Style S-Italic|“Qui facit per alium, facit per se?”}} | ||
The great dissimilarity which exists between the various conceptions of the Devil is really often ludicrous. While bigots will invariably endow him with horns, tail, and every conceivable repulsive feature, even including an offensive {{Style S-Italic|human}} smell, | The great dissimilarity which exists between the various conceptions of the Devil is really often ludicrous. While bigots will invariably endow him with horns, tail, and every conceivable repulsive feature, even including an offensive {{Style S-Italic|human}} smell,{{Footnote mark|*|fn1910}} Milton, Byron, Goethe, Lermontoff,{{Footnote mark|†|fn1911}} and a host of French novelists have sung his praise in flowing verse and thrilling prose. Milton’s Satan, and even Goethe’s Mephistopheles, are certainly far more commanding figures than some of the angels, as represented in the prose of ecstatic bigots. We have | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1910}} See des Mousseaux; see various other Demonographers; the different “Trials of Witches,” the depositions of the latter exacted by torture, etc. In our humble opinion, the Devil must have contracted this disagreeable smell and his habits of uncleanliness in company with mediæval monks. Many of these saints boasted of having never washed themselves! “To strip one’s self for the sake of {{Style S-Italic|vain}} cleanliness, is to sin in the eyes of God,” says Sprenger, in the “Witches’ Hammer.” Hermits and monks “dreaded all cleansing as so much defilement. There was no bathing for a thousand years!” exclaims Michelet in his “Sorciere.” Why such an outcry against Hindu fakirs in such a case? These, if they keep dirty, besmear themselves only after washing, for their religion commands them to wash every morning, and sometimes several times a day. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1911}} Lermontoff, the great Russian poet, author of the “Demon.” | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
512 ISIS UNVEILED. | {{Page|512|ISIS UNVEILED.}} | ||
but to compare two descriptions. Let us first award the floor to the incomparably sensational des Mousseaux. He gives us a thrilling account of an incubus, in the words of the penitent herself: “Once,” she tells us, “during the space of a whole half-hour, she saw {{Style S-Italic|distinctly}} near her an individual with a black, dreadful, horrid body, and whose hands, of an enormous size, exhibited {{Style S-Italic|clawed}} fingers strangely hooked. The senses of sight, feeling, and {{Style S-Italic|smell}} were confirmed by that of hearing!!” | {{Style P-No indent|but to compare two descriptions. Let us first award the floor to the incomparably sensational des Mousseaux. He gives us a thrilling account of an incubus, in the words of the penitent herself: “Once,” she tells us, “during the space of a whole half-hour, she saw {{Style S-Italic|distinctly}} near her an individual with a black, dreadful, horrid body, and whose hands, of an enormous size, exhibited {{Style S-Italic|clawed}} fingers strangely hooked. The senses of sight, feeling, and {{Style S-Italic|smell}} were confirmed by that of hearing!!”{{Footnote mark|*|fn1912}}}} | ||
And yet, for the space of several years, the damsel suffered herself to be led astray by such a hero. How far above this odoriferous gallant is the majestic figure of the Miltonic Satan! | And yet, for the space of several years, the damsel suffered herself to be led astray by such a hero. How far above this odoriferous gallant is the majestic figure of the Miltonic Satan! | ||
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Let the reader then fancy, if he can, this superb chimera, this ideal of the rebellious angel become incarnate Pride, crawling into the skin of the most disgusting of all animals! Notwithstanding that the Christian catechism teaches us that Satan in {{Style S-Italic|propria persona}} tempted our first mother, Eve, in a real paradise, and that in the shape of a serpent, which of all animals was the most insinuating and fascinating! God orders him, as a punishment, to crawl eternally on his belly, and bite the dust. “A sentence,” remarks Levi, “which resembles in nothing the traditional flames of hell.” The more so, that the real zoological serpent, which was created before Adam and Eve, crawled on his belly, and bit the dust likewise, before there was any original sin. | Let the reader then fancy, if he can, this superb chimera, this ideal of the rebellious angel become incarnate Pride, crawling into the skin of the most disgusting of all animals! Notwithstanding that the Christian catechism teaches us that Satan in {{Style S-Italic|propria persona}} tempted our first mother, Eve, in a real paradise, and that in the shape of a serpent, which of all animals was the most insinuating and fascinating! God orders him, as a punishment, to crawl eternally on his belly, and bite the dust. “A sentence,” remarks Levi, “which resembles in nothing the traditional flames of hell.” The more so, that the real zoological serpent, which was created before Adam and Eve, crawled on his belly, and bit the dust likewise, before there was any original sin. | ||
Apart from this, was not Ophion the Daimon, or Devil, like God called {{Style S-Italic|Dominus? | Apart from this, was not Ophion the Daimon, or Devil, like God called {{Style S-Italic|Dominus?{{Footnote mark|†|fn1913}}}} The word {{Style S-Italic|God}} (deity) is derived from the Sanscrit word {{Style S-Italic|Deva,}} and Devil from the Persian {{Style S-Italic|daëva,}} which words are substantially alike. Hercules, son of Jove and Alcmena, one of the highest sun-gods and also Logos manifested, is nevertheless represented under a double nature, as all others.{{Footnote mark|‡|fn1914}} | ||
The Agathodæmon, the beneficent dæmon, | The Agathodæmon, the beneficent dæmon,{{Footnote mark|§|fn1915}} the same which we find later among the Ophites under the appellation of the Logos, or divine wisdom, was represented by a serpent standing erect on a {{Style S-Italic|pole,}} in the Bacchanalian Mysteries. The hawk-headed serpent is among the oldest of the Egyptian emblems, and represents the divine mind, says Deane.{{Footnote mark|║|fn1916}} Azazel is Moloch and Samael, says Movers,{{Footnote mark|¶|fn1917}} and we find Aaron, the brother of the great law-giver Moses, making equal sacrifices to Jehovah and Azazel. | ||
{{Footnotes start}} | |||
{{Footnote return|*|fn1912}} “Les Hauts Phénomenes de la Magie,” p. 379. | |||
{{Footnote return|†|fn1913}} “Movers,” p. 109. | |||
{{Footnote return|‡|fn1914}} Hercules is of Hindu origin. | |||
{{Footnote return|§|fn1915}} The same as the Egyptian {{Style S-Italic|Kneph}}, and the Gnostic Ophis. | |||
{{Footnote return|║|fn1916}} “Serpent Worship,” p. 145. | |||
{{Footnote return|¶|fn1917}} “Movers,” p. 397. Azazel and Samael are identical. | |||
{{Footnotes end}} | |||
513 THE CUP OF THE AGATHODÆMON. | {{Page|513|THE CUP OF THE AGATHODÆMON.}} | ||
“And Aaron shall cast lots {{Style S-Italic|upon the two goats;}} one lot for the Lord ({{Style S-Italic|Ihoh}} in the original) and one lot for the scape-goat” ({{Style S-Italic|Azazel}} ). | “And Aaron shall cast lots {{Style S-Italic|upon the two goats;}} one lot for the Lord ({{Style S-Italic|Ihoh}} in the original) and one lot for the scape-goat” ({{Style S-Italic|Azazel}} ). |