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the sun in <math>\frac{33}{124}th (= \frac{1}{ 3 + \frac{1}{ 1 + \frac{8}{25} } })</math> or <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> of Pûrva Bhâdrapadâ. Hence the position of the four principal points on the ecliptic was then as follows: | the sun in <math>\frac{33}{124}th (= \frac{1}{ 3 + \frac{1}{ 1 + \frac{8}{25} } })</math> or <math>\frac{1}{4}</math> of Pûrva Bhâdrapadâ. Hence the position of the four principal points on the ecliptic was then as follows: | ||
:The winter solstice in | :The winter solstice in 3°29' of Purva Bhâdrapadâ. | ||
:The vernal equinox in the beginning of Mrigashîrsha. | :The vernal equinox in the beginning of Mrigashîrsha. | ||
:The summer solstice in | :The summer solstice in 10° of Purva Phâlgunî. | ||
:The autumnal equinox in the middle of Jyeshtha. | :The autumnal equinox in the middle of Jyeshtha. | ||
The vernal equinoctial point, we have seen, coincided with the beginning of Krittikâ in 1421 B.C.; and from the beginning of Krittikâ to that of Mrigashîrsha, was, consequence, 1421 + | The vernal equinoctial point, we have seen, coincided with the beginning of Krittikâ in 1421 B.C.; and from the beginning of Krittikâ to that of Mrigashîrsha, was, consequence, 1421 + 26⅔ × 72 = 1421 + 1920 = 3341 B.C., supposing the rate of ''precession'' to be 50" a year. When we take the rate to be 3°20' in 247 years, the time comes up to 1516 + 1960.7 = 3476.7 B.C. | ||
When the winter solstice by its retrograde motion coincided after that with the beginning of Pûrva Bhâdrapadâ, then the commencement of the quinquennial age was changed from the 15th to the 1st of Phâlguna (February-March). This change took place 240 years after the date of the above observation, that is, in 3101 B.C. This date is most important, as from it an era was reckoned in after times. The commencement of the Kali or Kali Yuga (derived from “kal,” “to reckon”), though said by European scholars to be an imaginary date, becomes thus an astronomical fact. | When the winter solstice by its retrograde motion coincided after that with the beginning of Pûrva Bhâdrapadâ, then the commencement of the quinquennial age was changed from the 15th to the 1st of Phâlguna (February-March). This change took place 240 years after the date of the above observation, that is, in 3101 B.C. This date is most important, as from it an era was reckoned in after times. The commencement of the Kali or Kali Yuga (derived from “kal,” “to reckon”), though said by European scholars to be an imaginary date, becomes thus an astronomical fact. | ||
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{{Footnotes start}} | {{Footnotes start}} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki> The impartial study of Vaidic and Post-Vaidic works shows that the ancient Ãryans knew well the precession of the equinoxes, and “that they changed their position from a certain asterism to two (occasionally three) asterisms back whenever the precession amounted to two, properly speaking, to 2 11/61 asterisms or about 29°, being the motion of the sun in a lunar month, and so caused the seasons to fall back a complete lunar month. . . It appears certain that at the date of ''Sûrya Siddhânta, Brahmâ Siddânta, ''and other ancient treatises on astronomy, the vernal equinoctial point had not actually reached the beginning of Ashvini, but was a few degrees east of it. . . The astronomers of Europe change westward the beginning of Aries and of all other signs of the Zodiac every year by about 50" 25, and thus make the names of the signs meaningless. But these signs are as much fixed as the asterisms themselves, and hence the Western astronomers of the present day appear to us in this respect less wary and scientific in their observations than their very ancient brethren—the Ãryas.”—''Theosophist, ''iii. 23. | <nowiki>*</nowiki> The impartial study of Vaidic and Post-Vaidic works shows that the ancient Ãryans knew well the precession of the equinoxes, and “that they changed their position from a certain asterism to two (occasionally three) asterisms back whenever the precession amounted to two, properly speaking, to 2 11/61 asterisms or about 29°, being the motion of the sun in a lunar month, and so caused the seasons to fall back a complete lunar month. . . It appears certain that at the date of ''Sûrya Siddhânta, Brahmâ Siddânta, ''and other ancient treatises on astronomy, the vernal equinoctial point had not actually reached the beginning of Ashvini, but was a few degrees east of it. . . The astronomers of Europe change westward the beginning of Aries and of all other signs of the Zodiac every year by about 50".25, and thus make the names of the signs meaningless. But these signs are as much fixed as the asterisms themselves, and hence the Western astronomers of the present day appear to us in this respect less wary and scientific in their observations than their very ancient brethren—the Ãryas.”—''Theosophist, ''iii. 23. | ||
{{Footnotes end}} | {{Footnotes end}} | ||