Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.7)

T

Appendix

by Boris de Zirkoff

H. P. Blavatsky Collected Writtings, vol. 7, page(s) 354-404

Publications:

Also at:

In other languages:

<<   ☰   >>  | page

354

NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT

The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies and the Index (with square brackets), as well as in the English translations of original French and Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary, as for instance in the case of the Anusvâra, the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore of a selective nature.

It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated too many alterations, and almost certainly would have produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been adhered to throughout.

355

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

(With Selected Biographical Notes)

The material contained in the following pages is of necessity a selective one, and is intended to serve three purposes: (a) to give condensed information, not otherwise readily available, about the life and writings of some individuals mentioned by H. P. B. in the text, and who are practically unknown to the present-day student; (b) to give similar data about a few well-known scholars who are discussed at length by H. P. B., and whose writings she constantly quotes; and (c) to give full information regarding all works and periodicals quoted or referred to in the main text and in the Compiler’s Notes, with or without biographical data of their authors. All such works are marked with an asterisk (*).

Acilius Glabrio. Roman tribune of the plebs, 201 b.c., when he opposed the claim of Cn. Corn. Lentulus, one of the consuls of that year, to the province of Africa, which a unanimous vote of the tribes had already decreed to P. Scipio Africanus I. The following years, Glabrio was appointed commissioner of sacred rites {decemvir sacrorurn). He was praetor in 196 b.c. and praetor peregrinus the next year. He became consul in 191 b.c., the year Rome declared war against Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. In the allotment of the provinces, Greece, the seat of war, fell to Glabrio. He was eminently successful in this campaign, and won a decisive victory over the armies of Antiochus at Thermopylae.

Agrippa of Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (1486?-1535). *De occulta philosophia libri tres, Beringo Fratres, Lugduni, 1533.— Three Books of Occult Philosophy. Transl. by J.F., London, 1650.

Aldrovandi, Ulysse. One of the most distinguished Italian naturalists of the 16th century; b. at Bologna, Sept. 11, 1522; d. May 10, 1605. Educated partly in native city and partly at Padua. Arrested as heretic at Rome, 1549. After liberation, wrote treatise on statuary. Took degree in medicine at Univ, of Bologna. From 1560, occupied there chairs of botany and natural history, practising medicine for some time. Established botanical garden at Bologna, 1567, and organized museum of nat. hist.; aroused interest in natural sciences when it was neglected, and was the first one to make a real herbarium; travelled widely. His chief work on nat. hist, is Ornithologia (Bologna, 1599-1603. 12 vols.), of which five vols. were prepared during his life, and seven were published after his death. His collections were given by will to the Senate of Bologna, and became the germ of the 356great Museum of that city. Many of his MSS. and drawings are in the Library of Bologna. Other works: De animalibus insectis libri septem. Francofurti: I. Hoferi, 1623.—De piscibus libri V, etc., 1613.

Alexander Trallianus. One of the most eminent of the ancient physicians, b. at Tralles, a city of Lydia, sometime in the sixth cent. a.d. Brought up under his father, Stephanus, also a physician. A man of extensive practice, long experience and great reputation in Rome, Spain, Gaul and Italy. His chief work called Biblia Yatrika (in Latin, Libri Duodecim de Re Medico) was written by him in an extreme old age, from the results of his own vast experience; it was ed. in Greek by Jac. Goupylus, Paris, 1548, fol., and publ. again with a Latin trans, by Jos. Guinterus Andernacus, Basel, 1556. Alexander wrote other medical works, such as De Lumbricis (Venice, 1570).

Amiot (also Amyot), Joseph-Maria. French missionary to China, b. at Toulon, Feb. 8. 1718; d. at Peking, Oct. 8 or 9, 1793. Joined Soc. of Jesus, 1737. Sent to China as missionary, 1740, and remained at Peking for 43 years. Won confidence of Emperor Kien Long; learned Tartar and Chinese; proficient in music, physics, literature, history, mathematics; made special study of Chinese music, and gathered a great deal of information concerning Chinese life. Most of his writings are contained in a Collection known as * Mémoires concernant l’histoire, les sciences, les arts, les moeurs, les usages, etc. des Chinois, par les Missionnaires de Pékin [J. Amiot, C. Bourgeois, Cibot, Ko, Poirot, A. Gaubil]. Edited by C. Batteux, L. G. Oudart Feudrix de Bréquigny, J. de Guignes, and A. I. Silvestre de Sacy. 16 vols. Paris, 1776-1814, 4to. An earlier ed. is mentioned as of 1776-89, in 15 vols. Paris: Nyon aîné.·—-Amiot also compiled a Dictionnaire Tatare-Mantcheou-Français, edited by Langlès, Paris, 1789. 3 vols.; and a Grammaire Tatare- Mantcheou (in Vol. Ill of the above-mentioned Mémoires, etc.); he also wrote a very fine Abrégé historique des principaux traits de la vie de Confucius, Paris, 1789.

Ammianus Marcellinus (330-395 a.d.). *History. Loeb Classical Library.

Anstey, F. (pseud, of Thomas Anstey Guthrie, 1856-1934). *A Fallen Idol. New York: J. W. Lowell Co., 1886; new ed., London: Smith Elder & Co., 1902. Reviewed at great length in The Theosophist, Vol. VII, pp. 791-96.

Apuleius, Lucius (b. 125 a.d. ?). *De Deo Socratis Liber (On the God of Socrates). In Pétrone, Apulée, Aulu-Gelle. OEuvres complètes, Désiré Nizard. Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cie., 1882. Latin and French text.—*Metamorphosea (Golden Ass). Loeb Classical Library.

357 Aristophanes (448?-380? b.c.), *Ranae (The Frogs). See The Comedies of Aristophanes. Ed. and transl. by Benjamin Bickley Rogers. 6 vols. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1919. 2nd ed.

Aristotle (384-322 b.c.). *De generations animalium. See Philoponus on Aristotle’s De gen. anim. Ed. Michael Hayduck. Berlin, 1903, p. 86, lines 10 and 11.

Arnold, Sir Edwin (1832-1904). *The Light of Asia, or the Great Renunciation (Mahdbhintshkramana). London: Trübner & Co., 1879. Many editions since.

Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, Jules (1805-95). No specific work mentioned; quotation untraced.

Benedict (Benoit) XIV, Pope (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini) (1675-1758). *De servorum Dei beatificatione et de beatorum canonization. In his Complete Works, Rome, 1747-51 ; Venice, 1767; Prato 1839-1846.—Heroic Virtue: a part of the treatise of Benedict XIV on the beatification, etc. Tr. into English. London: T. Richardson & son, 1850-52. 3 vols.

Bentley, Richard (1662-1742). English scholar and critic, born at Oulton, Yorkshire, and educated at St. John’s College, Oxford. Early in life became intimate with many distinguished scholars, and took orders in 1690; became keeper of the Royal library, 1693. In 1700 he was chosen master of Trinity College, where he instituted wide-spread reform against much opposition; the feud was kept up some thirty years in all, but Bentley did not lose his position. He is considered as the first Englishman, and perhaps the only one, who can be ranked with the great heroes of classical learning. Self-taught, he created his own science. The English school of Hellenists, by which the 18th century was distinguished, was Bentley’s creation; his influence reached various countries of Europe. Apart from a considerable number of editions of classical writers, such as Cicero, Aristophanes, Horace, Menander, Terence, and others, he wrote a work proposing a New Edition of the Greek Testament, intended to restore the Greek text as received by the Church at the time of the Council of Nicaea.

Bertrand, Abbé François Marie (1807-1881), *Dictionnaire Universel historique et comparatif de toutes les religions du monde, etc. 4 vols. Paris, 1848-50; in J. P. Migne, Encyclopédie théologique, tom. 24-27.

*Bibliothèque des sciences. Vide Dean, Richard.

Binsfeld, Pierre (Petrus Binsfeldius). Flemish theologian, b. in Luxemburg early in 16th cent.; d. at Trêves (Trier), Nov. 24, 1598. His parents were quite poor, and he worked as domestic in his youth; his inclinations for sciences noted by Jean von Bridell, abbé of Hemmenrode, of the Order of Citeaux, who gave 358him means to study; after studying humanities, he went to the Collège Germanique, Rome, graduating in philosophy and theology, becoming doctor of theology, 1577. At first, canon at Trêves, then suffragan bishop under the Elector Jacques d’Eltz; continued as such under Jean of Schoenenburg, who appointed him to combat in his diocese the heresy of Olevianus; was ordered later to re-establish discipline among the monks of the Abbaye de Prûm, in which he was quite successful. He became bishop in partibus of Azot, 1589. Works: De maleficis et mathematicis, 1589, 1591, 1596, a learned defense of the credibility of witch-confessions, which for over a century played the part of a Code to the witch-prosecutors. He also wrote a Commentary on the title of this work.—*Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum et sagarum recognitus. Augustae Trevirorum, 1591, 1596, 1623.—Enchiridion Theologiae pastorales, Douay, 1630, 1636.

*Biographie universelle, etc. Vide Cuvier, Frédéric.

Bleuler, Eugen. Swiss physician, b. at Zollikon, near Zürich, April 30, 1857. Director of the Health Center Rheinau, 1886-98; later, prof, of psychiatry at the Univ, of Zürich, and director of the Health Center at Burghölzli. Famous through his research on Schizophrenia and Psychology. Wrote: Naturgeschichte der Seele und ihres Bewusstseins, 1921.—Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. 4th. ed., Berlin, 1923.

Bodin, Jean. Famous French magistrate and political philosopher, b. at Angers, 1530; d. at Laon, 1596. Studied law at Toulouse; settled in Paris as advocate, but soon went into politics. His learning, genial disposition and conversational powers won him the friendship of Henry III, which later was lost to him through jealousy. Appointed king’s attorney at Laon, 1576; the same year represented the tiers état of Vermandois in the states-general of Blois; defended with skill freedom of conscience, justice and peace ; resisted clergy and nobility, opposing the idea that all the king’s subjects should be Catholic. Joined the party of due d’Alençon, brother of Henry HI, and acted as his secretary, 1581, when that prince came over to England. Latter part of life spent at Laon writing ; died of the plague. Bodin was a man of action, enterprizing, dynamic; the leading thinker of France at the time, perhaps even of Europe; he exercised strong influence over the people and can be considered the father of political science in France. His Six livres de la République (Paris, 1576, 1578), trans, into Latin by himself, laid foundation of political economy; in it he opposes the Divine Right of Kings, considers the family as the corner-stone of the state, and holds that laws and institutions correspond to three climatic zones. His remarkable work *De la Démonomanie des Sorciers (Paris, 1580, 4to; also 1581, 1587, 1593) demonstrates that spirits have communication with mankind and 359covers the vast field of evocations, ecstasies, spells, sorcery, etc.; it supports the reality of magic and witchcraft on the authority of Scriptures, Councils and Popes, refuting the work of John Wier who held that sorcerers were fools or people of unsound mind. Other works: Colloquium Heptaplomeres de abditis rerum sublimium arcanis, 1588 (first publ. by Guhrauer, Berlin, 1841, and by L. Noack, 1857). It is a philos. of naturalism cast as a conversation between seven learned men, whose discussion presents other religions to the disadvantage of the Christian faith.—Universale Naturae Theatrum, Lyon, 1590; trans, by de Fougerolles, Lyon, 1597; was suppressed and is very rare now.

Bonnet, Charles. Swiss naturalist and philosopher, b. at Geneva, March 13, 1720; d. May 20, 1793. Belonged to a French family. Educated for the profession of law and became a lawyer, but his favorite pursuit was the study of natural sciences. Member of the Acad, of Sciences, 1740, and of the Royal Society, 1743; doctor of law in the same year. His life was uneventful and he seems never to have left Switzerland. He was a member of the Council of the republic, 1752-68. In 1745 appeared his Traite d’insectologie (Paris: Durand), and in 1754 his Recherch.es sur I’usage des Jeuilles dans lesplantes (Leyden, E. Luzac, 1754), in which he suggested that plants possess sensation and discernment. Very poor eyesight caused Bonnet to turn to philosophy, and he published anonymously in London his Essai de psychologic, 1754, followed soon by his Essai analytique sur les facultes de Fame (Copenhague, 1760), mainly on the physiological conditions of mental activity. In his Contemplation de la nature (Amsterdam, 1764-65. 2 vols. 8-vo), he sets forth the hierarchy of all creatures, and in *La palingenesie philosophique (Geneva, 1769-70. 2 vols. 8-vo) treats of the past and future state of living beings, supporting the idea of the survival of all animals. Bonnet’s complete works appeared at Neuchatel, 1779-83, partly revised by himself.

*Book, of Armagh, The. MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.

*Book of Numbers, Chaldean. Probably the source from which the Zohar of Shimon ben Yohai has been derived. Acc. to H.P.B. {Theos. Glossary, p. 75), “it is very rare indeed, there being perhaps only two or three copies extant, and these in private hands.”

Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, Bishop of Meaux (1627-1704). *Traite de la Connaissance de Dieu. Posthumous work; orig. ed., Paris: Vve. Alix, 1741. Many later editions.

Brierre de Boismont, Alexandre-Jacques-Franqois. French physician, specializing in lunacy; b. at Rouen, Oct. 18, 1798; d. at Saint-Mande, Dec. 25, 1881. Entered the profession, 1825; was 360sent to Poland, 1831, for the study of cholera. His treatise on this disease won him a gold medal from the Institute. Took part in founding the Annales médico-psychologiques, and established a lunatic asylum; contributed greatly to the study of general and especially of medico-legal psychiatry. Works: Éléments de botanique (with A. Pottier), Paris, 1825.—Relation historique et médical du choléra-morbus de Pologne. Paris: Germer-Baillière, 1832. 8-vo.— Le délire aigu, 1844.—Traité d’anatomie humaine (with G. Breschet), Paris, 1833.—*Des Hallucinations-, ou histoire raisonnée des apparitions, des visions, des songes, de l’extase, du magnétisme et du somnambulisme. Paris: G. Baillière, 1845. 8-vo. viii, 615 pp.; 2nd ed., 1852; 3rd ed., 1862. Engl. tr. by R. T. Hulme. London: 1859. 1st American ed., Philad.: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1853.

Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de (1707-88). *Discours sur la nature des animaux. This is the 2nd Vol. of his Histoire naturelle, orig. ed., Paris: Impr. Royale, 1749.—*Histoire du chien. Most likely a section of the above work.

Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Freiherr von (1791-1860). *Egypt’s Place in Universal History. Transi, by C. H. Cottrell. With additions by S. Birch. 5 vols. London, 1848-67. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Vol. I, 1867. 8vo.

Burigny, Jean Lévesque de. French historian; b. at Reims, 1692; d. at Paris, Oct. 8, 1785. In 1713, began compiling with his brother dictionary of universal knowledge embodying a vast amount of material. Worked, 1718, together with St.-Hyacinthe on L’Europe savante, at The Hague. Returning to Paris, devoted his time to historical research. Modest and peace-loving, his only ambition was to be a scholar. His works show a great amount of learning; his lives of Grotius and Erasmus give data not found elsewhere.

Works: Traité de l’autorité du pape, Paris, 1782.— Théologie païenne, Paris, 1754.—Histoire des révolutions de l’empire de Constantinople, The Hague, 1750.— Vie de Bossuet, Paris, 1761.—Traité de Porphyre touchant l’abstinence de la chair, avec la vie de Plotin. Transi, from Greek, Paris, 1740.

Butler (or Boteler), Samuel. English satirical poet, b. at Strensham, Feb. 8, 1612; d. in London, Sept. 25, 1680. Educ. at the King’s school, Worcester, after which he served as a justice’s clerk. Recommended to Elizabeth, Countess of Kent, he had access in her home to a good library and met there John Selden who employed him as secretary. He lived for a long time at the home of Sir Samuel Luke, commander under Cromwell, who appears to have been the original for the chief character in Butler’s poem 361*Hudibras, first part of which appeared in 1663, and won him great renown. A satire on the Puritans, its wit and wisdom are applicable, however, to any age and people. After the Restoration, Butler was appointed secretary to Richard Vaughan, lord president of the principality of Wales. He wrote a considerable number of other satirical poems, but in spite of his renown led a life of indigence and was buried at the expense of a friend.

Butleroff, Alexander Mihaylovich ( 1828-86). *Scientific Letters, published in the daily Novoye Vremya (St. Petersburg, Russia), 1883.

Caillet, A. J. *Manuel bibliographique des sciences psychiques et occultes. Paris: Lucien Dorbon, 1912. 3 vols.

Caithness. Marie, Countess of Caithness and Duchesse de Pomâr was a life-long friend of both H. P. Blavatsky and Col. H. S. Olcott. She was the only daughter of Don Antonio José de Mariâtegui, of Santa Catalina, Macuriges, and was born at Madrid in 1830. In 1853 she married her first husband, General the Count de Medina Pomâr who died in 1868. Her son by this marriage, Manuel Maria de Medina Pomâr y Mariâtegui, was created Duke of Pomâr by Pope Pius IX, on his coming of age in 1875, and the title was recognized and confirmed to him and his heirs by King Alfonso XII of Spain on his accession to the throne. In 1872, she married, as his second wife, Lord Barrogill, head of the Sinclair Clan, and 14th Earl of Caithness, who was born in 1821 and died at New York in 1881. He was well known for his mechanical inventions. In 1879 Pope Leo XIII extended to Lady Caithness by letters patent the title and rank of her son, and she, therefore, became Duchesse de Pomâr. After the death of her second husband, she settled in the Avenue de Wagram in Paris, and died there November 2, 1895.

She was a woman of singular administrative ability; she managed herself her large fortune, kept no housekeeper, and lived in a style becoming her rank and wealth. Her kindness was proverbial; she had a firm will yet her manners were soft and gentle. Lady Caithness called her palace in Paris Holyrood. It contained the finest hall and concert-room in Paris, where she used to gather her friends to hear scientific, literary and religious lectures, by men of great renown. She also gave magnificent balls during the season. She made great efforts to fuse the philosophical with Catholic and aristocratic society, and had a cosmopolitan salon where celebrities of all kinds met on friendly ground and in an atmosphere of culture and good will. The peculiar side of her nature was in the form in which her Spiritualistic beliefs shaped themselves. She believed herself to be the medium of Mary Stuart, and used to write for hours in a clear, plain, business-like hand, betraying neither neurosis nor excessive imagination, communications from Mary, Queen of Scots.

362 To quote Col. H. S. Olcott’s own words in an Obituary Notice of Lady Caithness published in The Theosophist (Vol. XVII, December, 1895, pp. 183-85), when she had passed away at the age of 65:

“ Soon after the appearance of Isis Unveiled, H. P. B. received a most enthusiastic letter from the Countess about the book, offering her friendship, and inviting us to pay her a visit on our way out to India; rumours of which journey had reached Europe. From that time on, correspondence has been kept up between her ladyship and ourselves and our relations have continued unbroken. H. P. B.’s death did not interrupt her friendliness to myself, and I have always visited her when passing through Paris. H. P. B. and I were her guests at her Palais Tiranty, at Nice, in 1884, when she nightly gathered there many of the continental nobility to discuss Theosophy with us, and a number of them joined our Society. My last visits to her were in August and October last, when she seemed somewhat suffering but not at all in a dangerous state of health. We parted in the expectation of meeting again when I should next be called to revisit Europe on official affairs.

“ From a somewhat early age Lady Caithness was interested in occult subjects, beginning with Mesmerism and Clairvoyance and following those with Spiritualism, to which she clung to the end of her life. In her Holyrood Palace in Paris, she had a sort of chapel where were held weekly séances of what she called her Star Circle; the presiding genius of which was the supposed spirit of the lovely and unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots. She kindly permitted me to attend one of the séances last October, and I was so pleased with an essay that one of her mediums wrote on the subject of ‘ Clairvoyance,’ which I gave her to do, that I begged it of my hostess for publication. The table rappings, alleged to come from Mary Stuart and Madame Blavatsky, did not impress me much, and I frankly told her so. Nor did I think much of the rapping Medium. But I did have real affection for herself and feel grateful for many acts of gracious courtesy, among them, repeated offers of the use of her gorgeous ball-room for Theosophical lectures and meetings whenever I should desire it. I presided there at one of Mrs. Besant’s lectures two years ago, given in French with wonderful fluency and her usual eloquence, and once—in 1884— she gave H. P. B. and myself a conversazione. I shall feel her loss as that of a personal friend, and my sincere condolences are offered to her devoted son, the Duc de Pornar, whose beautiful affection for her was charming to witness.”

Col. Olcott also points out that a report about Lady Caithness giving H. P. B. a present of 1,000 pounds sterling to spread

MARIE, COUNTESS OF CAITHNESS, DUCHESSE DE POMAR Reproduced from Emma Hardinge Britten’s work, Nineteenth Century Miracles, facing p. 90.

363

Theosophy is false. It appears that she paid H. P. B.’s Paris apartment for three months in 1884, but no other sums were donated.

Lady Caithness became the first President of the Société Théosophique d’Orient et d’Occident founded at Paris June 28, 1883. On May 4th, 1884, H. P. B. and Col. Olcott were present at one of the gatherings of this group of students. In June of the same year the group was reorganized as a regular Branch of the Theosophical Society, with Lady Caithness as President, Dr. R. Thurman and Louis Dramard as Vice-Presidents and Madame Émilie de Morsier as Secretary. Several renowned personalities, such as Édouard Schuré, Madame Margherita Albana Mignaty, Princess Olga Volkonsky, and Dr. Charles Richet, were members of it for some time. This work, however, did not last very long, as various troubles ensued after a while.

Lady Caithness published a considerable number of works, both large and small. The best-known of them is The Mystery of the Ages Contained in the Secret Doctrine of All Religions (London: C. L. H. Wallace, 1887. 541 pp.), which went through at least three editions. It has been said that much of what it contains is the result of conversations and discussions with H. P. B. during her stay in Paris.

Among other works from the pen of Lady Caithness may be mentioned the following ones: Old Truths in a New Light·, or, an endeavour to reconcile material science with spiritual science and with Scripture. London, 1876. 8vo.— Serious Letters to Serious Friends, London, 1877. 8vo.—Interpretation ésotérique des livres sacrés, Paris, 1891. 227 pp.-—Le Secret du Nouveau-Testament, Paris, 1896. 559 pp.—Le Spiritisme dans la Bible, Paris, 1894. 64 pp.

In addition to these, she also wrote several Spiritualistic works, embodying various messages received through mediumistic channels, and published a number of booklets on Theosophical and allied subjects, the substance of which had previously appeared in the journal 1’Aurore, a monthly which Lady Caithness started in 1886, and which continued until 1895, running into 14 volumes.

Calmeil, Juste-Louis. French physician specializing in insanity; b. at Poitiers, 1798; d. 1895. Disciple of d’Esquirol at the Salpêtrière; first intern at the Charenton hospital in the time of Royer-Collard, becoming its director, 1826. Established that progressive paralysis is related to peri-encephalitis. Works: *De la folie considérée sous le point de vue pathologique, etc., Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1845. 8-vo. 2 vols.—Great number of essays and papers in the Archives générales de médecine, Le dictionnaire de médecine, etc.

Cedrenus, George (Georgios o Kedrênos). Greek monk and chronicler of the 11th century, of whose life practically nothing is known. He wrote in Greek the Synopsis historian, a historical 364chronicle based on other Greek histories published before his time, and extending from Creation to the year 1059 of our era. It reflects the credulity of his age and contains many deficiencies. Text publ. by Fabroz, 1647, 2 vols, fol., and by Imm. Bekker, Bonn, 1838, 2 vols., 8-vo. Latin transi, by G. Xylander, 1506 fol.

Censorinus. The compiler of a treatise entitled *De Die Natali, which treats of the generation of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the stars and genii upon his career, and discusses the various methods employed for the division and calculation of time, together with sundry topics connected with astronomy, mathematics, geography, and music. Contains much valuable information on the various systems of ancient chronology. The work is dedicated to Q_. Cerellius, whom the writer addresses as his patron and benefactor, and was composed in the year 238 a.d., in the consulship of Ulpius and Pontianus. Censorinus speaks of Rome as the “ communis patria ” of himself and Cerellius. This is about all that is known of him and of his work. The latter contains a number of very interesting facts and theories about nature and man, and suggestive hints betraying at least some degree of occult knowledge.

The editio princeps is in 4to., and without date, place, or printer’s name; the second ed. appeared at Bologna, fol., 1497; the first critical ed. is that by Vinetus, Pictav. 4to., 1568, followed by those of Aldus Manutius, Venet. 8vo., 1581, and Carrio, Lutet. 8vo., 1583. The most complete and valuable is that by Havercamp, Lug. Bat. 8vo., 1743.

Chabas, François-Joseph. French Egyptologist, b. at Briançon (Hautes-Alpes), Jan. 2, 1817; d. at Versailles, May 17, 1882. Combined scientific studies with commercial pursuit, as a merchant of wines at Chalon-sur-Saône. Beginning with 1855, published a large number of essays on Egyptological subjects, first in existing journals, later in his own called l’Égyptologie, which was started in 1874. He was the first one who attempted to translate, word for word, an hieratic text, a good example of this being his Voyage d’un égyptien en Syrie, en Phénicie et en Palestine au XIV siècle avant notre ère, based on the Papyrus Anastasi I (1866). His life-work contributed greatly to the development of egyptological science. Works: *Le Papyrus magique Harris, etc. {Vide page 126 of the present volume for data).— Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de la XIXme dynastie, 1873.—Notice du Papyrus médical Ebers, 1876.—Mélanges Égyptologiques, 1862-73, in 4 vols.

Champollion, Jean François (1790-1832). *Monuments de l’Égypte et de la Nubie, etc., Paris: Firmin Didot frères, 1835-45.

Charcot, Jean-Martin. French physician; b. in Paris, 1825; d. at Lac des Settons (Nièvre), March 18, 1893. Entered the 365profession, 1856, and worked at the Salpêtrière Hospital from 1862; became Prof, of pathological anatomy, member of the Academy of Medicine, 1873, and of the Acad, of Sciences, 1883. Made scientific study of hypnotism, and added much to the knowledge of nervous diseases. Organized at the Salpêtrière an anatoxno- pathological museum of great renown. Works: Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux, 1873, 1875, and other abstracts from his instructive courses.—Les démoniaques dans l’art, 1887.—Traité de médecine. Paris, 1891-94. 6 vols.—OEuvres complètes. Ed. by M. D. Bourneville and others. Paris: Bureau du progrès médical, 1888-90. 9 vols. 8-vo.

Chomel, Auguste François. French physician, b. at Paris, 1788; d. 1858. Wrote a remarkable doctorate thesis on Rheumatism·, held the chair of clinical medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu, and was physician to Louis-Philippe. Chief work: Éléments de pathologie générale, Paris, 1817.

Chwol’son (Khvolson), Daniel Avraamovich (1819-1911). *Book of Nabathean Agriculture. See Vol. VIII of the present Series for complete data regarding this ancient Chaldean Scripture.

Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106- 43 b.c.). *De legibus. In Loeb Classical Library.—* Tusculan Disputations. Ditto.

Clement of Alexandria, Titus Flavius (150?-220? a.d.). *Stro- mateis. In Migne, Patr. Curs. Compl., Ser. Lat.—* Cohortatio ad Gentes (Discourse to the Gentiles). Ibid.

Clinton, Henry Fynes. English classical chronologist, b. at Gamston, Jan. 14, 1781; d. at Welwyn, Oct. 24, 1852. Educ. at Southwell School, 1789-96, and Westminster, 1796-99. M.A., 1805. Private tutor at Oxford to Earl Gower, 1803-06. Entered Oxford Univ, with passion for Greek. Elected to Parliament, 1806, and served until 1826, when he retired. Whole life devoted to classical studies; kept minute journal of his studies which contained much valuable information. 1811, began to draw up list of Greek and Latin authors, also to build classical library. Was firm believer in a revealed religion, and specialized in ancient chronology. Chief works, which placed classical chronology on a scientific basis, are: Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, etc., Oxford Univ. Press, 1824-51; and Fasti Romani, the Civil and Literary Chron. of Rome and Constantinople, etc., ibid., 1845-50.

Cobb, John Storer. English barrister and Dr. of Laws. At one time, Editor of the New Era magazine, organ of the Reform Jews published in New York from 1870 to 1876. Was greatly interested in the early Cremation Movement. Became one of the CoFounders of The Theosophical Society, in 1875, and was sent as Presidential Agent by the Council in New York, to assist in the 366formation of the British Theosophical Society, 1878. Soon lost interest and disappeared.

Cory, Isaac Preston (1802-1842). *Ancient Fragments. London: W. Pickering, 1828. xxviii, 129. Greek and English in parai, columns. Sec. ed. was publ. in 1832. New ed. appeared in 1876, with the elimination of the Chaldean Oracles.

Council of Lateran, Fourth (Twelfth General Council), 1215 a.d. *First Capitulum. Vide Carl Joseph von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte. 7 vols. Freiburg i. Breisgau, 1855-74; 2nd ed., 1886. Engl, transi, as A History of Church Councils, Edinb., 1871, etc. Vide Compiler’s footnote on p. 28 of present volume.

Cruden, Dr. Alexander (1701-70). No specific work mentioned ; quotation un traced.

Cuvier, Frédéric (1773-1838). *Biographie Universelle, etc., 1847, etc. Art. on Buffon’s life, p. 119.— Vide also s. v. Flourens.

Dean, Richard. English author; b. at Kirkby-in-Craven, Yorkshire, about 1727; d. at Middleton, Feb. 8, 1778. First, curate of Royton Chapel; then, curate of Middleton. Master of the Middleton Grammar school. He wrote An Essay on the Future Life oj Brutes (Manchester, 1767, 2 vols.) in which he argued for the reasonableness of believing in the future existence of lower animals. His views were contradicted by James Rothwell. H. P. B. quotes a passage written by him in the Bibliothèque des Sciences, Vol. XXIX, 1st Trimestre, 1768.

Delaplace, Bishop of China. *“Missions de la Chine. Lettre de M. Delaplace, Missionnaire Lazariste, à un Prêtre du diocèse de Sens,” Annales de la propagation de la foi (Lyon, France), t. XXIV, No. 143, July, 1852.

Delrio, Martin Anton (or Rio, Martinus An ton us Del) (1551-1608). *Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex. 3 vols. Lovanii, 1599. 4to; also 1600, 1603, 1608, 1613, 1657. Available in the British Museum. Very scarce.

*Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Par une société de médecins et de chirurgiens. Publié par Chaumeton et Mérat. Paris, 1812-22. 60 vols.

*Dictionnaire universel, etc. Vide Bertrand.

Dieu, Louis de. Belgian theologian and Orientalist, b. at Flessingue, April 7, 1570; d. at Leyden, Dec. 23, 1642; was the son of the Belgian theologian, Daniel de Dieu (1540-1609). Became clergyman in native city, then Prof, at Waloon Coll., Leyden. Devoted himself to the study and the teaching of Semitic language:· and was the first one to make a comparative study of Hebrew, Syriac 367and Chaldean. Published the first Persian Grammar, and utilized his philological knowledge to determine the correct meaning of many controversial passages in both Testaments. Works: Compendium grammaticae hebraïca, syriaca et chaldaica, Leyden, 1639.— Rudimenta linguae persicae, ibid., 1639.—Critica sacra, etc., Amsterdam, 1693, fol.

Diodorus Siculus, *Hitorical Library. Loeb Classical Library. Vide Vol. V, p. 373, for biographical data. Diogenes Laertius, (3rd cent. a. d.), *De clarorum philosophorum vitis. Bohn’s Classical Library.

Dollinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz von (1799-1890), *Heidenthum und Judenthum. Vorhalle zur Geschichte des Christenthums. Regensburg: G.J. Manz, 1857. 8vo.—*Paganisme et Judaïsme, etc. Trad, par J. de P., Bruxelles: Goemaere, 1858.

Drioux, l’Abbé Claude-Joseph. French divine and man of letters, b. at Bourdons (Haûte-Marne), 1820; d. 1898. Prof, of history at the seminary and Honorary Canon of Langres. Published considerable number of well-known works which had wide distribution for a number of years; among them are: La Bible populaire. 2 vols., 1864-65.—La Sainte Bible. 8 vols., 1872-73.—Histoire de l’Église depuis sa fondation jusqu'à nos jours, 1867.—Les Apôtres, 1862.— *La Somme Théologique de saint Thomas. Latin and French in parai, columns. 15 vols. Paris: E. Belin, 1853-56. 8vo.; translation only, in 8 vols., Paris, 1851-54; and other editions.

Drival, E. van. French antiquarian; b. 1815; d. at Arras, June 21, 1887. Canon of the Arras Cathedral. Prolific writer whose chief works are: Grammaire comparée des langues bibliques. 3 vols., 1853-61. 8vo.—Gramm, comp, des langues sémitiques et de l’égyptien, 1879. 8vo.— Histoire de Charlemagne, 1884.

Dulaure, Jacques-Antoine. French archaeologist and historian: b. at Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergne), 1755; d. at Paris, Aug. 9, 1835. Studied at the College of native city, then architecture and topography at the renowned School of Rondelet, at Paris, 1859. Issued many strongly worded pamphlets against nobility, kings and priests. A man of great activity, dynamic, fertile in research, strongly opposed to injustices and false doctrines of established social order, as witnessed by his earlier writings. Embraced with fervor the revolutionary cause and became a Jacobin, playing a considerable part in the Revolution. Persecuted and fled to Switzerland; returned after a time and was given post on Committee of Public Instruction. Became one of the founders of Académie Celtique which became the Société des antiquaires de France. Retired and devoted himself to writing. Works: Histoire civile, physique et morale de Paris. Paris, 1821, 10 vols. 8-vo; 3rd ed., 368Paris, 1825. This work caused a furore of accusations, because it brought to light various injustices and wrongdoings.—*Des cultes qui ont précédé et amené l’idolâtrie et l’adoration des figures humaines. Paris, 1805. 8-vo.— Des divinités génératrices, etc., Paris, 1806. 8-vo. The last two works re-publ. as Histoire abrégée des différents cultes, 2nd ed., Paris, 1825. 2 vols. 8-vo.—Edited journal, Le thermomètre du jour, Aug. 11, 1791-Aug. 25, 1793.

Dunlap, Samuel Fales. American writer born in Boston, Mass., 1825, son of Andrew Dunlap. Works: The Origin of Ancient Names. Cambridge, 1856. 8vo.—Vestiges of the Spiritual History of Man. New York: D. Appleton, 1858. 8vo.—Sod. The Mysteries of Adoni. London: Williams and Norgate, 1861. xvii, 152 pp.—Sod. The Son of Man. London: ibid., 1861.—The Guebers of Hebron. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1894; new and rev. ed., 1898. xv, 1017 pp.

Dupotet de Sennevoy, Baron Jules. French scholar and publicist, b. at LaChapelle (Yonne), April 12, 1796; d. at Paris, July 1, 1881. A descendant of the famous Dukes of Burgundy, he was a disciple of Mesmer and occupied himself almost exclusively with the study of magnetism, concerning which he wrote a number of works. On strength of his experiments, the Academy of Medicine formed a Committee in 1826 for the investigation of the scientific basis of the facts advanced by him. Acc. to Col. H. S. Olcott {The Theos., I, 116-17), he did “more than any living man of the past century to show what are the possibilities of human magnetism.” In his eighty-fourth year, he became Honorary Fellow of The Theos. Society ( Vide above ref. for his letter of acceptance). Was highly esteemed by H. P. B. Founded, 1827, a special journal, Le Propagateur du magnétisme animal, which was superseded in 1845 by Le Journal du magnétisme. Works: Exposé des expériences sur le magnétisme animal, Paris, 1821. 8-vo.—Cours de magnétisme. Paris : Roret, 1834 and 1840,— *La magie dévoilée, ou principes de science occulte, Paris, 1852. 4-to.—Thérapie magnétique, 1863.— Traité complet du magnétisme animal. Paris: F. Alcan, 1856. 8-vo; 8th ed., 1930.

Eusebius Pamphili (260?-340?). *Chronicle (or Universal History}. Ed. of Cardinal Angelo Mai and Dr. J. Zohrab, Milan, 1816.— *Praeparatio Evangelica, in Migne, P.C.C.

Fabre d’Olivet, Antoine. French writer, mystic, philosopher and scholar, b. at Ganges (Hérault), Dec. 8, 1767; d. in Paris, March 27, 1825. Descendant of the Protestant family of Jean Fabre, he was raised in that religion and intended to take up commerce. After his first stay in Paris, 1779-84, showed more aptitudes for music and poetry than commerce. Travelled in Germany and Switzerland, 1787. For a while active in the field of politics, 1789, when he took the name of d’Olivet, the maiden name of 369his mother. Interested in the study of theatrical business, he wrote two revolutionary plays: Génie de la nation and Le 14 de juillet 1789, which received some acclaim. For a time he identified himself with the Jacobins, but renounced politics, 1791. He stayed in Paris during the Terreur, 1793, and wrote a few more plays. Met, 1796, Delisle de Sales, who was to influence greatly his literary career. The financial catastrophe of 1796-97 ruined his father’s business, and he attempted to live by his pen. After starting two short-lived journals, he became employed by the Ministry of War, 1799. Published a novel: Azalaïs et le gentil Aimar, 1799, and collaborated with the Journal des Hommes Libres. Compromised in the affair of the “infernal machine,” he was saved by Lenoir-Laroche; entered upon a period of fruitful literary activity, 1801-1805, during which he published several works, such as the Troubadour, a collection of poems, and several musical pieces.

During the years 1800-1805, Fabre d’Olivet passed through a serious religious and intellectual crisis, discovering his true vocation as philologist, and becoming a student of mystical and occult subjects. It is likely that a love affair for someone whom he called later by the fictitious name of Égérie Théophanie played considerable role in this crisis. He married someone else, however, in 1805. During the years 1805-10, he labored on his important work, La langue hébraïque restituée et le véritable sens des mots hébreux rétabli et prouvé par leur analyse radicale, attempting to have it published at the expense of the State. He retired from office, 1810. Endowed with a certain degree of magnetic power, he healed several deaf-mutes, but was enjoined by the Government to cease doing so. Published, 1813, Les Vers dorés de Pythagore (Paris: Treuttel & Würtz, 1813. 8vo; also Paris: Niclaus, 1946; English transi, by Nayân Louise Redfield. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. 1917). The restoration of the Bourbons made possible the publication of La langue hébraïque (Paris, 1816. 2 prts., 4to; also Paris: Dorbon, 1931; Engl, transl. by N. L. Redfield, as above, 1921), in which he shows that every letter of the Hebrew alphabet represented symbolically an idea. During the years 1816-17, he labored on a work dealing with the Langue d’Oc. After several years of troubled married life, a divorce took place, March 22, 1823. In 1822 appeared his work, De l'état social de l'homme (Paris, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo), which was re-published, 1824, as Histoire philosophique du genre humain (also Paris: Dorbon, 1931; Engl, transi, by N. L. Redfield under the title of Hermeneutic Interpretation of the Origin of the Social Status of Man, etc.; New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915). In 1824, Fabre d’Olivet showed again some brief political aspirations, but soon returned to his literary pursuits, writing several tragedies and operas.

370 About 1824, Fabre d’Olivet founded some sort of mystical cult based upon precepts and teachings which he tried to embody in his work, Théodoxie universelle (facs. of MSS., Paris: Dorbon, 1931). It would appear from various passages in his unpublished Memoirs, which he had started to edit in 1820-24 as Mes Souvenirs, that this cult was intimately connected with the figure of the woman called by him Égérie, and who had died some years before. The cult and its sanctuary were dedicated to the renovation of the ancient initiatory ceremonies, in the spirit of Pythagorean discipline. However, from the meagre material at hand, and from the allusions of Fabre d’Olivet himself, one is led to believe that his cult was associated with “sensitives” of one sort or another, and was bordering on quasi-spiritualistic lines, where mediumship of one or another type played a role. The cult did not survive the death of its originator, which took place, as the result of a stroke, March 27, 1825.

For further biographical data of this very remarkable man, vide Léon Cellier, Fabre d’ Olivet. Contribution à l’étude des aspects religieux du romantisme. Paris: Nizet, 1953; and his introduction and notes to an heretofore unpublished text of Fabre d’Olivet entitled La vraie maçonnerie et la celeste culture (Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1952); also the essays by G. Monod-Herzen in the Lotus Bleu, March, 1925, and the Revue Theosophique, December, 1927.

Felix, M. Minucius. Distinguished Roman lawyer, the author of a dialogue entitled *Octavius, which occupies a conspicuous place among the early Apologies for Christianity, and is a work of high literary quality, which was for a long time believed to belong to Arnobius, notwithstanding the express testimony of Jerome, whose words leave no room for doubt {de Viris III., 58). The time, however, when Minucius Felix lived is very uncertain; by some he is placed as early as the reign of M. Aurelius; by some as late as Diocletian while others favor intermediate points between these two extremes. It seems safe to assume, however, that Minucius flourished about 230 a.d.; his eminence as a lawyer is distinctly asserted by both Jerome and Lactantius, but beyond this we know next to nothing about his personal history; acc. to his own words, he was at first a Gentile, later converted to Christianity. See Loeb Classical Library for the text of his work.

Festus, Sextus Pompeius. Roman lexicographer of uncertain date, prob, late 2nd century a.d. His name is attached to a Glossary or Dictionary of Latin words and phrases, divided into 20 books and commonly known as Sextus Pompeii Festi de Verborum Significatione. It is an epitome of De significatu verborum of Verrius Flaccus, celebrated grammarian in the time of Augustus whose work has been lost. The first part of Festus’ Glossary is lost also. His work was 371epitomized by Paulus Diaconus in the 8th century. The manuscript of as much of Festus as came down was in the hands of Manilius Rallus in 1485. It found its way into the Farnese Library, at Parma, whence it was conveyed in 1736 to the Royal Library of Naples. Standard edition (including Paulus) is that of W. M. Lindsay, 1913, whose later ed. in Glossaria Latina (IV, 93-467) incorporates Festus’ material gleaned from Glossaries.

*Five Years of Theosophy. Compiled by Mrs. Laura Langford Holloway and Mohini Mohun Chatterji. London: Reeves and Turner, 1885. 575 pp. Index.

Flaccus, Granius. *De Indigitamentis (On the Sacred Books of the Pontifs). Cited by Censorinus.

Flourens, Pierre-Marie-Jean. French physiologist; b. at Maureil- han, April 15, 1794; d. at Mongeron, Dec. 6, 1867. Taking M.D. at Montpellier, began physiological research at Paris; chosen by Cuvier, 1828, to deliver course of lectures at the Collège de France; received, 1832, professorship of compar. anatomy at the Museum. At request of Cuvier, was appointed, 1833, permanent secretary of the Academy of Sciences. Elected, 1840, in preference to Victor Hugo, to succeed Michaud at the French Academy; created a peer of France, 1846. Drew the attention of the Acad, of Sc. to the anaesthetic effect of Chloroform. Withdrew from all political activities at the revolution of 1848, and in 1855 accepted professorship of natural history at the Coll, de France.

Works: Expériences sur le système nerveux, 1825.—Cours sur la génération, l'ontologie, et l’embryologie. Paris: Trinquart, 1836.—Analyse raisonnée des travaux de G. Cuvier, 1841.—Buffon: histoire de ses travaux et de ses idées. Paris: Paulin, 1844.—OEuvres complètes de Buffon, 1853;—*De la longévité humaine et de la quantité de vie sur le globe. Paris, 1854; 2nd ed., Garnier frères, 1855; 3rd ed., 1856; 4th ed., 1860 (On Human Longevity, etc. Tr. by C. Martel. London, 1855).—Cours de physiologie comparée, 1856.— De la vie et de l’intelligence, 1858.—De la raison, du génie, et de la folie. Paris: Garnier frères, 1861.—*De l’instinct et de l’intelligence des animaux. Résumé des observations de F. Cuvier, 2nd enl. ed. Paris, 1845. 12°.

Franck, Adolphe (1809-1893). *La Kabbale, Paris, 1843. Engl, transi., Leipzig, 1844.

Fréret, Nicolas (1688-1749). *Article in Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions, t. XXIII, p. 247.

Galton, Sir Francis. English anthropologist; b. at Birmingham, Feb. 16, 1822; d. at Haslemere, Jan. 11, 1911. Educated in his native city, then at King’s Coll., London, and Trinity Coll., Cambridge. Travelled in Sudan, 1845-46; explored Damaraland, 372and S. W. Africa, 1850; visited Spain, 1860. He then turned to anthropology. His Meteorographica (London: Macmillan Go., 1863) was the first serious attempt to chart weather on extensive scale ; he was the first one to establish the existence and theory of anti-cyclones. Inspired by his cousin’s Origin of Species (1859), he made serious study of heredity and laid foundations of the science of eugenics; he advocated furthering of the productivity of the fit and the restriction of the birthrate of the unfit; made special investigation of color-blindness, mental imagery, instinct and criminality; originated process of composite portraiture, and paid much attention to fingerprints. Knighted, 1909. By will founded laboratory for study of national eugenics.

Works: Hereditary Genius. London: Macmillan & Co., 1869.— English Men of Science. Ibid., 1874.—*Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development. Ibid., 1883; also New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1908, 1928.—Finger Prints. London: Macmillan & Co., 1892.— Essays in Eugenics. London: The Eugenics Education Soc., 1909.— Memoirs of My Life. London: Methuen & Co. 1908.—An Explorer in Tropical So. Africa, 1853, 1889.— The Art of Travel. London: J. Murray, 1855.

Geijer, Erik Gustaf. Swedish historian and poet, b. at Ransater (Varmland), Jan. 12, 1783; d. at Stockholm, April 23, in 1847. Educ. at the Univ, of Uppsala. After short period of teaching there, entered public record office at Stockholm. Founded there the Gothic Society, to whose organ Iduna he contributed prose essays and songs which he set to music. Succeeded Erik M. Fant, as prof, of history at Uppsala, 1817. Became member of the Swedish Academy, 1824. A single vol. of a projected larger work, Svea Rikes HaJder, a masterly critical examination of Sweden’s legendary history, appeared in 1825. This was followed by Svenska folkets historia (3 vols., 1832-36; Engl, transi, by J. H. Turner, 1845) down to the year 1854. His acute critical insight and finished historical art. entitle him to a high place among historians. He also edited with J. H. Schroder a continuation of Fant’s Scriptores rerum svecicarum medii aevi, 1818-28, and by himself the state writings of King Gustaf HI (4 vols., 1843-46). Resigned his chair, 1846, on account of failing health. His Samlade skrifter (13 vols., 1849-55; new ed., 1873-77) include large number of philosophical and political essays contributed to reviews.

Gerard, John. English herbalist; b. at Nantwich, Cheshire, 1545; d. February, 1611 (or 1612). Family connected with the Gerards of Ince. Went to school at Willastone; studied medicine; travelled in Scandinavia, Russia, poss. on the Mediterranean. Apprenticed, 1562, to Alexander Mason, surgeon; admitted to the Barber-Surgeons’ Company, 1569. Elected, 1595, member of the Court of Assistants of that body; already known then as an 373herbalist, with a large garden of herbs at Holborn. Published, 1596, first catalog of plants in a garden. Made, 1597, Junior Warden of the Company, and Master of it in 1607. In 1597 appeared his famous Herball (London: J. Norton), illustrated with 1800 woodcuts; new editions were publ. in 1633 and 1636. Gerard was “herbarist”to King James I.

Gibbon, Edward (1737-94). *The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Orig. ed., 1776, 1781, 1788. Many modern ed.

Ginsburg, Christian D. (1831-1914). *The Kabbalah: Its Doctrines, Development, and Literature. London: Longmans,Green, etc., 1865; also Geo. Routledge & Sons, 1925.

Gougenot Des Mousseaux, Le Chevalier Henry-Roger (1805-78). *Les médiateurs et les moyens de la magie, Paris, 1863.—“Le Fantôme humain,” and “Le Monde magique,” as mentioned by H. P. B., are merely a portion of the above-named work, and a descriptive title, respectively. See Volume V (1883), pp. 374-75, for biogr. data.

Guigniaut, Joseph-Daniel. French Hellenist and archaeologist, b. at Paray-le-Monial, May 15, 1794; d. at Paris, March 12, 1876. After extensive studies, became professor at the Lycée Charlemagne; app. director of conferences at the École Normale, 1818; became director of the latter, 1830. Occupied the chair of geography at the Univ, of Paris from 1835; became permanent secretary of the Académie des Inscriptions, 1860. Chief work: *Religions de l’antiquité considérées principalement dans leurs formes symboliques et mythologiques. Paris, 1825. This monumental work in 10 vols, represents an annotated and expanded translation of the Symbolik of Franz Creuzer, and remains authoritative as far as the exterior aspect of religions is concerned.—De la Théogonie d’Hésiode. Paris: Régnoux & Co., 1835.

Guinness, Henry Grattan (1835-1910). *The Approaching End of the Age, viewed in the light of history, prophecy and science, 4th ed., London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1880. xxxi, 696 pp.

Hahn, Helena Andreyevna von {pseud.: Zinaida R—) (1814-1842). *Utballa', *Jelalu’d-Din", *Theophany Abbiagio; *Lubonka. Vide p. 304 of the present volume for further data.

*Harleian MS. 3859. British Museum, folio 186a.

Hartmann, Dr. Franz (1838-1912). *The Life of Paracelsus and the Substance of his Teachings. London: George Redway, 1887, xiii, 220 pp.; also 1891, 1896, 1932.

Hefele, Carl Joseph von (1809-1893). *Conciliengeschichte. Freiburg i. Breisgau, 1855-74. 7 vols.; 2nd ed., 1886. Engl. tr. as A History of Church Councils, Edinb., 1871.

374 Hermes Trismegistus. *Hermetis Trismegisti Asclepius, seu de Katura Deorum Dialogus. Latin text and Engl, transl. in Hermetica. The Ancient Greek and Latin Writings which contain religious and philosophical teachings ascribed to Hermes Trismegistus. Ed. and Transl. by Walter Scott, 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924-26. Scarce.

Higgins, Godfrey (1773-1833). *Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, etc., 2 vols. London: Longmans,etc., 1836. Very scarce. Vide Vol. VIII of the present Series for biographical sketch of this author.

Hilarius Pigtaviensis, Saint (Hilary and S. Hilaire in French; not to be confused with St. Hilarion). Bishop of Poitiers, France. Was born of pagan parents at Poitiers, but became a Christian. Unanimously elected, ca. 353, Bishop of native town. Secured excommunication of Saturninus, the Arian Bishop of Arles, as well as of Ursasius and Valens, two of his prominent supporters, and wrote to Emperor Constantius a remonstrance against the persecutions by the Arians. After the synod of Biterrae (Beziers), 356, was banished to Phrygia, continuing, however, to govern his diocese. From there he wrote his De Synodis or De Fide Orientalium, an epistle addressed in 358 to the semi-Arian bishops in Gaul, Germany and Britain, expounding views of Oriental bishops on the Nicean controversy. His most important work is De Trinitate libri XII, written in 360. After attending the convocation of bishops at Seleuceia in Isauria, 359, he went to Constantinople, focus of Arianism at the time, and through petition presented to the Emperor was sent back to his diocese, 361. In 364, he impeached Auxentius, bishop of Milan, who was high in imperial favors, for heterodox views; summoned to appear before Emperor Valentinian at Milan, he was expelled from that city, and retired to Poitiers. Among his other works mention should be made of the polemical Contra Arianos vel Auxentiam liber and Contra Constantium Augustum liber, and of the *Commentarius in Evangelium Matthaei, the latter written before his exile in 356; this is the most ancient of the extant expositions of the first evangelist by any of the Latin fathers; from its resemblance in tone and spirit to the writings of Origen, it may have been derived from some of his works (Vide Migne, Patrol. Cursus Compl., Series Prima, Paris, 1844, etc., Tomus IX). Hilary was the most strenuous champion of “ pure ” faith among the Latin fathers of the 4th century; his early life is unknown; his efforts were mainly devoted to checking Arianism; he is regarded as the first Latin Christian hymn-writer. Hilary died Jan. 13, 367 (or 368). His works were ed. by Erasmus (Basel, 1523, 1526, 1528); P. Constant (Paris, 1693); Migne (Patrol Lat., IX, X, 1844-45). Transl. by E. W. Watson, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. Vol. IX.

Hilkiah. Hebrew High-priest in the reign of King Josiah (II Kings, xxii, 4 et seq.). Prob, the same as Hilkiah ben Shallum in genealogy 375of High-priests in I Chron., v, 39 (A. V., vi, 13), consequently father of Azariah and great-grandfather of Ezra the Scribe (Ezra, vii, 1). Commissioned by Josiah to superintend repairs of Temple; when he took silver from Temple treasury, he found the Scroll of the Law (II Kings, xxii, 4-8; II Chron., xxxiv, 9-14) and gave it to Shaphan the Scribe. The latter read it before the King, who, terrified by the divine warnings, sent Hilkiah with four others to consult the prophetess Huldah (II Chron., xxxiv, 20 et seq.'). Finding of scroll was the cause of great reformation effected by Josiah. Much uncertainty exists about the nature of the scroll; Jewish commentators say that when Ahaz burned scrolls of the Law, the priests of YHVH hid one copy in the Temple.

Homer, *Odyssey and *Iliad. Loeb Classical Library.

Hübbe-Schleiden, Dr. William. German scholar, writer and Theosophist, b. at Hamburg, October 20, 1846; d. at Göttingen, May 17, 1916. At first, he studied jurisprudence and political economy, obtaining the degree of juris utriusque doctor, i.e., Doctor of both Laws, namely, civil and canon law, and practised for some time as an attorney. During the war of 1870-71, he was attache to the German Consulate General in London. Soon after, being greatly interested in geographical exploration and in German colonial politics, he devoted himself to far-reaching travels, mainly in West Africa, where he founded his own commercial house in Gabun Colony. He was a great protagonist of German colonial ambitions, and wrote several works on this subject, such as: Ethiopien: Studien über Westafrika (1879), Überseeische Politik (2 pts., 1881-83), Deutsche Kolonisation (1881), and Kolonisationpolitik und Kolonisationtechnik (1882). During the years 1897-98, he travelled in India, and upon his return wrote a work entitled Indien und die Inder (1898). There is evidence to show that he was instrumental in formulating German colonial policy at the time, and that his statesmanlike scheme was adopted by Prince Bismarck.

As a man, Dr. Hübbe-Schleiden was a charming personality, full of humor, very clever, and always ready to help others. He was deeply interested in occult subjects, and became one of the chief founders, and the first President, of the Germania Theosophical Society, when the latter was organized by Col. H. S. Olcott at the home of the Gebhards at Elberfeld, on July 27, 1884. His Theosophical activities took primarily a literary form, and he founded and edited a valuable monthly metaphysical journal, called the Sphinx, twenty-two volumes of which appeared between the years 1886-1896. He also published a pamphlet entitled Jesus, a Buddhist? In it he draws, from the close similarity prevailing, the conclusion that Jesus was essentially a Buddhist 376building his argument with methodical precision and the support of various historical data.

In 1893, he organized at Steglitz, near Berlin, an independent organization called the Theosophische Vereinigung, with aims wholly identical with the Theosophical Society, but methods of work more consonant, as he thought, with the characteristics of the German people (See Lucifer, Vol.-XII, March, 1893, p. 80; and The Path, Vol. VIII, April, 1893, p. 24). Some years later, after Dr. Rudolf Steiner had organized his Anthroposophical Society, Dr. Hubbe-Schleiden served for a short time as General-Secretary of the re-organized Theosophical Society (Adyar) in Germany.

Dr. Hubbe-Schleiden considered The Secret Doctrine to be a work of the utmost importance, actually containing the sacred wisdom of the sages of all times. He had found in its pages the key which would “solve the riddles of existence as well of the macrocosm as of the microcosm." He strongly felt that explanatory abstracts should be written on various teachings contained in this work, in order that the contents be better understood by readers of his time. It was with this end in view that he wrote in 1891 his work entitled Lust, Leid und Liebe, which, in his own words, “confined itself to the language and to the terms of Darwin, Haeckel and modern philosophy, with the purpose of putting a key to The Secret Doctrine into the hands of the leading scientists.” His effort found no response with the English public, and only a meagre one in Germany.

Dr. Hubbe-Schleiden dedicated his last years to a large work on Palingenesis, in which he desired to prove scientifically the law of Reincarnation. He died, however, before completing this task. After his death, his books were donated to the Gottingen University Library, and it is possible that the voluminous MSS. of this last work may have been there for a time. It was either destroyed during the bombing of the Second World War, or otherwise lost, as upon recent inquiry, it could not be located by the University authorities.

Dr. Hubbe-Schleiden knew H. P. B. personally and paid her four or five visits. The first of these was from September to December, 1884, when she stayed with the Gebhards at Elberfeld, Germany. He speaks of meeting her for a few days in August of the same year. After that, he remained with her in Wurzburg about a week or ten days in October, 1885, and saw her engaged in writing her magnum opus. He saw her last one afternoon and night, early in January, 1886. He writes:

“When I visited her in October, 1885, she had just begun to write it [The Secret Doctrine], and in January, 1886, she had finished about a dozen chapters. . . . she was writing at her

DR. WILLIAM HUBBE-SCHLEIDEN From a photograph supplied by Mme. Gretchen Boggiani-Wagner, whose father was a cousin of the Doctor.

377

manuscript almost all day, from the early morning until the afternoon and even until night, unless she had guests . . . I saw a good deal of the well-known blue K. H. handwriting as corrections and annotations on her manuscripts as well as in books that lay occasionally on her desk. . . .

“I must say though that the view I took then was the same that I hold now. I never did and never shall judge of the value or the origin of any mental product from the way and manner in which it is produced. And for this reason I withheld my opinion then, thinking and saying: ‘I shall wait until The Secret Doctrine is finished and then I can read it quietly; that will be the test for me, the only one that will be any good.’

“This is the reason why on the night of my last parting from H.P.B., the two certificates .... were given to me. At least I found them in my copy of Hodgson’s S.P.R. Report after I had left her. ...”

Besides the two “certificates” spoken of by the Doctor, two more letters were received by him from the same Teachers. The original letters became part of his estate in 1916, and passed into the hands of Herr Clemens Heinrich Ferdinand Driessen, who was a Geheim Justitzrat in Witzenhausen, near Cassel, Germany. C. Jinaräjadäsa copied them direct from the originals which had been loaned to him by Herr Driessen, and published their text. Ernst Pieper, a very active Theosophical worker in Düsseldorf, Germany, obtained from Herr Driessen in 1934 all of the four original letters with their accompanying envelopes, bearing on one side Chinese characters. He arranged for an exact facsimile to be made of the “certificate” from Master Μ., reproducing it in its actual size and using an almost identical type of paper and red-colored ink.

In 1941, all the four original letters from the Teachers, received by Dr. Hübbe-Schleiden, fell into the hands of the Gestapo, and were presumably destroyed.

378 Hue, Évariste Régis, Abbé (1813-1860), *Souvenirs d’un voyage dans la Tartarie, le Thibet et la Chine pendant les années 1844, 1845, et 1846. Paris, 1850. 2 vqls. 8vo.

Humboldt, Baron Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von (1769-1859). *Kosmos. Stuttgardt & Tübingen: J. C. Cotta, 1845-62. 5 vols.

Iamblichus (4th cent, a.d.), *Liber de mysteriis {Greek: Peri mustêriôn). Ed. with Latin transi, and notes, by T. Gale, Oxford, 1678; and by G. Parthey, Berlin, 1857.—Iamblichus on the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians. Transi, from the Greek by Thomas Taylor, Cbeswick, 1821. Second ed., London: Theos. Publ. Society, 1895.

Jacob ben Hayyim ben Isaac Ibn Adonijah. Jewish Masorete and printer, b. at Tunis, about 1470; d. before 1538. Left native country because of persecution that broke out there at the beginning of 16th cent. Resided at Rome and Florence, later settling at Venice, where he was engaged as corrector of the Hebrew press of Daniel Bomberg. Late in life embraced Christianity. Chiefly known in connection with his edition of the Rabbinical Bible (1524-25), which he supplied with Masoretic notes and introduction treating of the Masorah. This introd, was translated into Latin by Claude Capellus {De Mari Rabbinico Infido, II, ch. 4, Paris, 1667), and into English by Ginsburg (Longham, 1865). Jacob also wrote dissertations on the Targum, and revised ed. princeps of the Jerusalem Talmud (1523) and of Maimonides’ Tad. Vide Fürst, Bibi. Jud., iii, 451; Ginsburg, Massoret ha-Massoret, pp. 33-34.

Jellinek, Adolf (1821-1893) *Moses ben Schem-tob de Leon und sein Verhältniss zum Sohar. Eine historisch-kritische Untersuchung über die Entstehung des Sohar. Leipzig, 1851.

Jinarâjadâsa, C. (1875-1953). *Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom. 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publ. House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and addit. Letters (covering period 1870-1900), 1948.—*Second Series. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.

Kircher, Athanasius (1602-80). *Oedipus Aegyptiacus; hoc est, Universalis Hieroglyphicae veterum doctrinae temporum injuria abolitae instauratio, etc. 3 tom. Ex typographia V. Mascardi. Rome, 1652-54. fol.

Kiu-ti or Khiu-ti. Vide Vol. VI.p. 425, for information.

379 Knorr von Rosenroth, Baron Christian (1636-1689). *Kabbalah denudata. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt: J. D. Zunneri, 1684.

Lapide, Cornelius Cornelii à (Cornelis Cornelissen van den Steen). Flemish Jesuit and exegete; b. at Bocholt, Dec. 18, 1567; d. at Rome, March 12, 1637. Studied at Jesuit colleges, entered the Soc. of Jesus, 1592, and was ordained priest, 1595. Became prof, of Holy Scriptures, and later of Hebrew, at Louvain. Later sent to Rome where he spent the later part of life completing his celebrated Commentaries which deal with the historical and scientific study of the Bible, and the allegorical sense of the text. He was a seriously pious and zealous priest; his works are highly esteemed by both Catholics and Protestants.

Works: Commentarius in ... . Pauli epistolas, Antwerp, 1614.— Comm, in Pentateuchum, Antwerp, 1616, 1697.—Les trésors de Cernelius à Lapide: extraits de ses commentaires de l’écriture sainte, etc., by the abbé Barbier. Le Mans and Paris, 1856; latest ed., 1896. 4 vols.— The Great Commentary of Cornelius à Lapide. Engl. tr. by Rev. Thomas N. Mossman. London, 1876.

H.P.B. refers to a French translation of his works by Élysée Pélagaud, which has so far remained untraceable.

Le Blanc d’Ambonne, Th.-Prosper, *Les religions et leur interprétation chrétienne. Paris: J. Leroux et Jouly, 1852-53, 3 vols. 8vo.

Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1646-1716). *Opera philos. By this is most likely meant: God. Guil. Leibnitii Opera philosophica quae extant latina, gallica, germanica omnia .... Johannes Eduardus Erdmann. Berlin: G. Eichleri, 1840. 2 vols.

Le Loyer, Pierre; Sieur de la Brosse. Famous French demonographer, b. at Huillé, near Durtal (Anjou), Nov. 24, 1550 (1); d. at Angers, Jan. 29, 1634. Studied at Paris for five years, then went to Toulouse to study law. After returning to his own province, he became royal councillor for the rest of his life. He was a poet and a book worm, deeply versed in Hebrew, Arabic and other languages ; was well known at the time even abroad and considered one of the most learned men of France. Among his many works are: Idylle sur la Loire, Toulouse, 1572.—Édom et les colonies iduméanes en Asie et en Europe, etc., Paris, 1620.—* Quatre livres des spectres ou apparitions et visions d'esprits, anges et démons se monstrant sensiblement aux hommes, Angers, 1586, 8 books. Also Paris, 1605 and 1608, 4to. This work deals with visions, prodigies of all centuries, and the most celebrated authors, sacred and profane, who have dealt with occult subjects, the cause of apparitions, nature of good and evil spirits, demons, ecstasy, magicians, sorcerers, exorcisms, evocations, fumigations, etc. Paris scholars 380approved it for the instruction of good Catholics, against the “ pernicious ” opinions of the ancients. Engl, transi, by Z. Jones, London, 1605, 4to.

Lélut, Louis-François. French physician; b. at Gy (Haute-Saône), April 15, 1804; d. at Paris, Jan. 25, 1877. Entered the profession, 1827. In charge of the lunatic department at Bicêtre, and later at the Salpêtrière. Conducted research to elucidate the relation between the intelligence and the brain; applied to history the study of physiology and psychology. Elected, 1848-57, member of the Constitutional and Legislative Assembly; and member of the Academy of Medicine in 1863. Works: Du démon de Socrate (Paris: Trinquart, 1836. 8-vo), which produced sensation.—L’amulette de Pascal. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1845.—Several essays on the Physiologie de la Pensée, 1842, 1855, 1857.—Recherches des analogies de la Jolie et de la raison, 1834.

Leuret, François. French physician specializing in insanity ; b. at Nancy, Dec. 29, 1797; d. Jan. 5, 1851. Studied at Paris mental diseases, under d’Esquirol; became doctor, 1826, and superintendent of the Paris insane asylum, 1829. Applied new methods to the treatment of insanity, such as musical therapy. Works: Anatomie comparée du système nerveux. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1839-57. 2 vols.—*Fragments psychologiques sur la Jolie. Paris: Crochard, 1834. 8vo. vii, 426 pp.—Du traitement morale de la Jolie. Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1840.

Lévi, Éliphas ( 1810?-l875); pseud, of the Abbé Alphonse Louis Constant. ^Grimoire des sorciers. No information available.— *Le Livre des Splendeurs, Paris, 1894. Vide infra, s. v. Zohar.

Livius, Titus (b. c. 59-a. d. 17). * History, Loeb Classical Library.

Locke, John (1632-1704). *An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Orig. ed., 1690. Many ed. since.

Lombard, Peter. Noted Italian scholastic theologian, deriving his name from the province where he was born, near Novara, in Lombardy, at about the opening of the 12th century. Studied at Bologna, Reims and Paris; here he acquired great reputation becoming professor of Theology at the University; he was appointed archbishop in 1159, and died at Paris in 1164. He was one of the best scholars of the day and a zealous ecclesiastic. His principal work is the Sententiarum libri quatuor (or Sentences'), a collection of passages from the Fathers, the many contradictions of which he attempts to conciliate. He was the first author who collected theological doctrines into I a complete system, laying foundations for scholastic theology. His work became the text-book in schools of philosophy through the middle ages, a universal 381manual of theology, and obtained for him the title of “ Magister Sententiarum.” It was first publ. in Venice, 1477, fol., in 4 pts. The best ed. is by Antoine Ghenart, London, 1567, 4to. Lombard also wrote Commentaries on the Psalms and on the Epistles of St. Paul.

Lubbock, Sir John, 1st Baron Avebury. British archaeologist and man of science, b. in London, April 30, 1834; d. at Kingsgate Castle, near Ramsgate, Kent, May 28, 1913. Educated at Eton; joined banking business of father, 1848, becoming partner in it, 1856. Rose to great eminence in this profession. Entered Parliament, 1870, and from 1880 to 1900 sat for London University. Raised to Peerage, 1900, as Baron Avebury. Recognized authority on financial and educational questions, his name being associated with the Bank Holidays Act, 1881, the Shop Regulation Act, 1885, and the Shop Hours Act, 1904. Outstanding supporter of principle of proportional representation. His scientific studies were directed mainly towards ancient remains and history of mankind, and the habits of insects. He was a voluminous writer on biology, geology, palaeontology and economics, some of his works having an enormous circulation. Chief Works: Ants, Bees and Wasps, etc. 2nd ed., 1882, in Intern’l Science Series, Vol. 40,— Prehistoric Man, 1865. —Fifty Years of Science, 1884.— The Origin of Civilization, 1870. —On the Senses, Instincts, and Intelligence of Animals, etc., 2nd ed., 1889, in Intern’l Sc. Ser., Vol. 65.

Lucian of Samosata (120-200 a.d.). *De dea Syria (Peri tes Suries Theou). Loeb Class. Library.—*Philopseudes e Apis ton (Lover of Lies, or the Doubter). Ibid.

Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus—96-55 b.c.). *De rerum natura. Loeb Class. Library.

Lundy, Dr. John Patterson (1823-1892), *Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.

Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn. Vide Vol. V (1883), p. 440, for data.

Mackenzie, Kenneth Robert Henderson. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus,” Founder of present Order of Rosicrucians in England, and author of the rare work entitled The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites, Symbolism and Biography, London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.

Maimonides (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, 1135-1204). *Moreh Nebhuchim (Guide for the Perplexed). Ed. by S. Munk, Paris, 1856-66. 3 vols.; Engl, transl. by M. Friedlander, 1881-85. 3 vols.—*Treatise on Idolatry. This is Chapter iv of Book I of his Yad-hachazakah, or Mishna Torah. Hebrew and Latin text with 382notes by D. Vossii, Amsterdam, 1641. 4to. Engl, transi, of entire work, Ed. by E. Soloweyczik, London 1863. 8vo.

Maistre, Count Joseph Marie de (1754-1821). *Les Soirees de Saint- Petersbourg, etc., Ed. by de Saint-Victor. Paris, 1888. 2 vols.

Mansi, G. D., Archbishop of Lucca. *Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collect™. Ed., Gian Domenico Mansi. Editing continued by Venet and Florentini through 31 vols. Publ. brought down to date by Ludovico Petit and Joanne Baptiste Martin. 53 vols, in 57. Paris, 1903-27.

Mariette Bey (Auguste Mariette, 1821-81). *Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie par A.M.-pasha . . . texte par G. Maspéro. Paris: F. Vieweg, E. Bouillon, Suce., 1889. 107 pl.

Maspéro, Sir Gaston Camille Charles (1846-1916). *Notes sur différents points de grammaire et d’histoire, dans le Recueil, t. I, pp. 152-60.—*Sur la stèle de l’Intronisation, trouvée au Djébel-Barkal. In the Revue Archéologique, Vol. XXV, 1873, pp. 300 et seq. Reproduced in Records of the Past, Vol. VI, pp. 71-78—* Les contes populaires de l’Égypte ancienne, traduits et commentés par G. Maspéro. Ixxx, 222 pp., 1882, in Les littératures populaires de toutes les nations, 1881, Tom. 4; 2nd ed., Paris: J. Maisonneuve, 1889; 4th ed., rev. and enl., Paris: E. Guilmoto, 1911.—*Guide du visiteur au Musée de Boulaq. pp. 438. Boulaq, Vienna (pr.), 1883. 8vo.

Mathers, C. Liddell MacGregor. *The Kabbalah Unveiled. London: George Redway, 1887. 8vo. viii, 359 pp. Vide infra, s.v. Zohar.

Maury, Louis-Ferdinand-Alfred. French scholar, b. at Meaux, March 23, 1817; d. at Paris, Feb. 12, 1892. Studied jurisprudence, medicine, several Oriental languages, classical archaeology and a number of modern European tongues; served at the Royal Library, 1840; acted as secretary to Count de Clarac, 1841; app. asst, librarian of the Institute; collaborated with Guigniaut on the French transi, of Creuzer’s writings (see Guigniaut). Elected to the Académie des Inscriptions, 1857. Appointed, i860, Librarian of the Tuileries, by Napoleon III whom he assisted on his History of Caesar. From the same year, occupied until his death the chair of history at the Collège de France. App. director-general of the Archives of the Empire, 1868. Distinguished by his amazing memory, universal inquisitiveness, and remarkable faculties of assimilating knowledge, as well as by his liberal ideas for which he was persecuted by the Church; voluminous writer and first-class scholar. Chief Works: Croyances et légendes du moyen-âge. Paris: H. Champion, 1896. 8vo.—La terre et l’homme. Paris: L. Hachette, 1854, 1891.—*Histoire des religions de la Grèce antique, etc. Paris: Libr. philos, de Ladrange, 1857-59. 3 vols. 8vo.— La Magie et 383l'Astrologie dans l'antiquité et au moyen-âge. Paris: Didier & Co., 1860, 1864.—Croyances et légendes de l'antiquité. Paris: Didier & Co., 1863, 1868.

Ménage, Gilles. Renowned French scholar, son of Guillaume Ménage, King’s advocate at Angers; b. there, Aug. 15, 1613; d. at Paris, July 23, 1692. Prodigious memory since childhood, especially inclined to ancient languages. Lived for some years in the household of J. E. P. de Gondi, Cardinal of Retz, but quarrelled with him, 1652, and withdrew to a house in the cloister of Notre-Dame, where he gathered round him literary assemblies called “Mercuriales,” which met for forty years on Wedn. evenings, attracting the élite of the day. At one time, he was a lawyer, practising in Paris, but conceived disgust for the profession and became an ecclesiastic; he was a philologist and a satirist of considerable influence, whose proud temperament and fiery emotions drew him into all the literary battles of his time; his satirical epigrams were the cause of many quarrels with celebrities. Endowed with immense erudition, he published a large number of scholarly works at his own expense, such as: Requeste des dictionnaires, 1638, aimed at the Dictionary of the French Academy, a work which prevented his becoming member of that body.—Dictionnaire étymologique, ou origines de la langue française, 1650 and 1694, one of his most important contributions.—Origines de la langue italienne, Geneva, 1669, 1685.—Poemata latina, gallica, graeca, et italica, 1656. —Molière portrayed Ménage under the guise of Vadius in his Femmes savantes.

Metius, Adriaan Adriaanszoon (also Schelven). Netherlandish astronomer, geometer and philosopher, b. at Alkmaar, Dec. 9, 1571; d. at Franeker, Sept. 6, 1635. At first studied law and medicine at Franeker and Leyden, but did not practise. Stayed for a while at Uraniborg, with Tycho Brahe, to perfect himself in astronomy which he had studied with his father. Continued studies at Rostock and Jena. From 1598 on, held the chair of philosophy and mathematics at Univ, of Franeker; also taught navigation, topography and fortification, and made astronomical tools. He published, 1600, a new value for π, namely 355/113', which had been calculated by his father, Adriaan Anthoniszoon. Accorded title of doctor of medicine by the Senate, for his knowledge of the healing art. Works: Doctrinae sphericae hin, Franeker, 1598.— Universae astronomicae. . . institutio, ibid., 1605. 4 vols.—Calendarium perpetium, Rotterdam, 1627.

Michéa, Dr. Claude François (1815-82), *Du délire des sensations. Ouvrage couronné par l’Acad. Royale de Médecine. Paris: Labé, 1846.

384 Migne, J. P. (1800-1875) *Encyclopédie théologique, Paris, 1844-66. 171 vols.

Mirville, Jules Eudes, Marquis de (1802-73), Pneumatologie. Des Esprits et de leurs manifestations diverses. Mémoires adressés aux Académies par J. E. de Mirville. This work contains three separate Mémoires, which have been published in different editions, the first Mémoire appearing in 1851. The most complete ed. is the one in Six Volumes: Vols. I-V, Paris, H. Vrayet de Surcy, 1863-64, 8vo.; Vol. VI publ. by F. Wattelier, 1868. Vols. II-V cover the Manifestations Historiques and comprise the 2nd Mémoire; Vol. VI contains the Manifestations Thaumaturgiques which are the 3rd Mémoire. H. P. B.’s mention of such titles as “De la Résurrection et du miracle,” or “Résurrections animales,” has reference to chapters in Vol. VI, and not to any specific work by de Mirville.

Mommsen, Christian Matthias Theodor (1817-1903). *Römische Geschichte. 6th ed., Berlin: Weidemann, 1874-75. 3 vols.— The History of Rome. Tr. by the Rev. Wm. P. Dickson. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1887. 4 vols.

*Monumenta Germaniae Historien, ed. Otto Sceck, Berlin, 1883.

Moor, Edward. English soldier and writer; b. 1771 ; d. at Westminster, Feb. 26, 1848. Appointed cadet on the Bombay establishment of the East India Co., 1882; transf. to Madras establ.; lieutenant, 1888; at 17 years of age, quarter-master of the 9th battalion native infantry. Very proficient in native languages. Severely wounded in the 1790 war, at the siege of Dharwar; returned home on sick leave. Commissary-general at Bombay, 1799. Left India, 1805; retired from Company’s service, 180Ö. His two chief works are: *Hindoo Pantheon. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1810. 4to. xiv, 451 pp. Contains numerous engravings by J. Dadley, from the drawings of Μ. Houghton. A “new edition” condensed and annotated by W. O. Simpson (Madras, 1864, 8vo) lacks the plate which H. P. B. refers to.—Oriental Fragments, London, 1834.

Moses de Leon (1250-1305). *Ha-Nephesh ha-Hakamah, Basel, 1608. Vide p. 270 of the present volume, for biographical data, etc.

Mousseaux. See Gougenot des Mousseaux.

Müller, E. *Der Sohar und seine Lehre, 2nd ed., Vienna and Leipzig: R. Löwit, 1923.

Murray (or Moray), Sir Robert. Scottish statesman, b. about beginning of 17th cent.; d. July 4, 1673. Educ. at Univ, of St. Andrews and in France; took milit. service under Louis XIII. favored by Richelieu; became lieut.-colonel, prob, of Scots Guard. Returned to England soon after civil troubles beg$.n. Knighted, 1643. Left soon for France again, and was on good terms with 385Mazarin. Became prisoner of war in Bavaria, 1645, but released. Sent as envoy to negotiate treaty between France and Scotland by which it was proposed to restore Charles I. In Paris, 1646, on negotiations. Resumed his career in France, after downfall of monarchy in England. Lived at Maestricht, 1657-1660, in retirement, occupied with chemical pursuits. Repaired to London soon after restoration. Engaged in governing Scotland, 1663-70, with Lauderdale. Active in founding Royal Society, 1660, presided over its meetings, 1661-62, preparing many communications to the Society on natural history and geology. Murray exhibited a great love for mankind, was stoical, and religion was the mainspring of his varied life; spent many hours in devotions. He was a renowned chemist and mathematician, and patron of the Rosicrucians.

Myer, Isaac (1836-1902). *Qabbalah. The Philosophical Writings of Solomon Ben Tehudah Ibn Gebirol or Avicebron, etc. Published by the Author (350 copies only). Philadelphia, 1888. xxiv, 499 pp.

Nahmanides (Rabbi Moses ben Nahman). Jewish Talmudist and commentator, b. at Gerona, Spain, 1195; d. at Acre, Palestine, ca. 1270. Surnamed Gerondi, his Spanish name being Bonastruc de Porta. Initiated into Kabalah by Azriel and Ezra; at sixteen, wrote a defence of a Haladic work of Isaac Alfasi; this was followed by his commentaries to the greater part of the Talmud. His views were conservative and he fought against Maimonides’ rationalizing of Scriptures. Tried to reconcile the friends and opponents of Maimonides. Rejecting the Bible exegesis of Ibn Ezra, inclined towards Kabalah. Until 1263, practised medicine for self-support. Later became chief Rabbi of Gatalonia. Paulus Christiani (Fra Pablo), a renegade Jew, had challenged the Jews to a series of disputations. King James I of Aragon ordered Nahmanides to participate in discussions at Barcelona. He refuted arguments of Fra Pablo, but the Dominicans claimed victory. Nahmanides published the true account. He was charged with blasphemy and brought to trial. Dominicans succeeded in having him banished, so he set out for Palestine, 1267, settling at Acre. There he tried to bring new life into Jewish communities decimated by Mongol invasions, gathering disciples and lecturing. Compiled for them his comm, on Pentateuch, and is said to have sent a copy of the Zohar from Palestine to Spain, thus introducing it to the West. Was buried at Haifa, near grave of Jehiel of Paris.

Newton, Henry Jotham. American manufacturer and inventor, b. Feb. 9, 1823, at Hartleton, Penna.; d. Dec. 23, 1895. Younger son of Dr. Jotham and Harriet (Wood) Newton, both originally from Conn. When father, a young physician, died within a year of son’s birth, mother went back to her father’s house, at Somers, 386Conn. Henry entered school there, later graduated at Literary Institute, Suffield. Apprentice for four years to Whittlesey Bros., piano-makers, Salem, Conn., becoming three years later member of their firm. Went to New York, 1849, and associated himself with Ferdinand Lighte in the piano business. Married Mary A. Gates, 1850, an accomplished musician. Formed, 1853, the firm of Lighte, Newton and Bradbury, which became a leading one. Retired, 1858, with a competency. Invested in New York real estate, becoming a millionaire. After 1884, president of the Henry Bonnart Bronze Co. His hobby was photography, the top floor of his N. Y. home, at 128 West 43rd St., being turned into a photographic laboratory. Did a great deal of research, making a number of improvements in the dry-plate process; pioneer in the preparation of ready-sensitized paper, and was credited with working out the paraffin paper process. After 1873, served as Chairman of Photogr. Sect, of Amer. Inst, of the City of N. Y.

A scientific interest in spirit-photography led Newton to study Spiritualism; he investigated many mediums, exposing a number of them, inch Etta Roberts; became converted to Spiritualism; was trustee and for the last twenty years of life president of the first Society of Spiritualists in N. Y. He became one of the Founders of The Theosophical Society, and its first Treasurer. After the publication of Isis Unveiled, he resigned with some bitterness, unable to understand theosophical attitude towards Spiritualism. He was instrumental, together with Col. Henry S. Olcott, in effecting the first scientific cremation in America, Dec. 6, 1876, at the Crematorium in Washington, Penna., which disposed of the body of Baron Joseph de Palm. Newton was run down by a streetcar during the rush hour in New York, crossing Broadway between 22nd and 23rd Sts. He was survived by a son and two daughters.

Sources: New York Sun and New York Herald, Dec. 24, 1895; Photographic Times, Feb., 1896; Ann. Reports, Amer. Institute; Diet, of Amer. Biography.

Nicholas of Tolentino. St. Italian ecclesiastic and ascetic, b. at Sant’ Angelo, ca. 1246; d. Sept. 10, 1306. Felt call to embrace religious life and was sent to various monasteries, as model of striving after perfection. After ordination, preached for some thirty years at Tolentino. Reputed to have possessed angelic meekness and guileless simplicity. His tomb at Tolentino is held in great veneration.

Oliphant, Laurence. British author, b. at Cape Town, 1829; d. at Twickenham, Dec. 23, 1888. Received a most desultory education. Accompanied his parents on a tour of Europe, 1848-49; soon after went to Ceylon where his father was app. chief-justice. Accomp. Jung Bahadur, from Colombo to Nepal, 1851, and found material for his first book, A Journey to Katmandu (New 387York, D. Appleton & Co., 1852). From Nepal he went to Ceylon, thence to England and Russia. Between 1853 and 1861, he was secretary to Lord Elgin and the Duke of Newcastle, and acc. them to the U. S. A., Russia and China, writing pleasant books of travel. In 1861, he was app. first secretary in Japan and almost lost his life in an attack on the legation. He returned to England and was elected to parliament, 1865. Made a great success by his witty novel, Piccadilly, 1870. He fell under the influence of the spiritualistic prophet Thomas Lake Harris, and joined his community, the Brotherhood of the New Life, at Brocton on Lake Erie, where he worked for many years as a farm labourer. In 1879 he visited Palestine; in 1881 he went again to America, and on this visit finally broke with Harris. He then settled with his wife at Haifa, in Palestine, where they wrote together the curious book called Sympneumata ; or, Evolutionary Forces now active in Man (Edinb. and London: Blackwood & Sons, 1885). He also wrote his novel Masollam embodying his latest views concerning Harris, and his Altiora peto (1883). After the death of his wife, 1886, he wrote his Scientific Religion, presumably under her influence. He then went to England and America, marrying the grand-daughter of the noted Spiritualist Robert Owen. He died just as they were starting for Haifa.

Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso, b.c. 43 - a.d. 17). *Metamorphoses. Loeb. Class. Library.—Verses attributed to this Roman poet have remained untraced, in spite of thorough search. Vide Compiler’s Note, p. 199 of the present volume.

Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky, Dmitriy Nikolayevich. Russian philologist and historian of great repute, b. at Kahovka, Ukraine, Jan. 23, 1853 (old style); d. 1920. Educ. at home with private tutors; later at Odessa and Simpheropol’; studied Sanskrit at St. Petersburg Univ.; then at Univ, of Novorossiysk. Sent abroad, 1877, to prepare for chair of compar. philology and Skt. Visited Paris and Prague. Upon return, became privat-docent at Univ. ofNovor., 1882; wrote for his master’s degree at Univ, of Kharkov his * Essay on the Bacchic Cults of the Indo-European Antiquity (Odessa, 1884). His doctorate thesis, 1887, was publ. in the Revue de Vhistoire des religions, 1889, as “ Les trois feux sacrés du Rig-Véda.” After brief professorship at Kazan Univ., 1887, became prof, of Skt. and compar. philol. at Univ, of Kharkov, 1888, holding this chair for 17 years. Held chair of compar. syntax at Univ, of St. Petersburg, 1914. Aside from numerous scholarly essays in various Russian journals, he wrote a remarkable work on the creative genius of Turgenyev (Kharkov, 1896), and edited with others the ill. History of Russian Literature (Russian text), publ. in 5 vols. (Moscow: “Mir”). His Complete Works in 11 vols, were publ. in 1911. He became convinced that metaphysics is at the very root of science, and that everything must be viewed in the 388light of the ideas of Infinity and Eternity, against the background of endless Evolution.

*Papyrus Rollin. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (C. 1188).

Parker John A. *The Quadrature of the Circle, etc. New York: John Wilay & Son, 1851. 8vo.; also 1874.

Pauthier. Jean-Pierre-Guillaume. French poet and Orientalist; b. at Besançon, 1801; d. at Paris, 1873. Served in a regiment for about two years, 1824; published poems at first; then devoted himself entirely to Oriental studies, especially Sinology. Was a man of large views and open mind, but had frequent controver- cies with the Sinolog Stanislas Julien. Besides a great many translations of Oriental Scriptures and essays in various journals, his works include: La Chine. Paris: Firmin Didot, 1837. 2 vols.— Les livres sacrés de I’Orient. Ibid., 1840.—Sinico-Aegyptiaca. Ibid., 1842. —La doctrine du Tao, 1831, 1838.—*Essai sur la philosophie des Hindous. French translation of H. T. Colebrooke’s work, with addit. notes and Skt. texts, 1833. 8-vo.

Pearson, Norman, *“Before Birth,” The Nineteenth Century, September, 1886.

Pedrono, Dr., *Articles in Annales d'oculistique, Nov. and Dec., 1882; and in Journal de médecine de l’Ouest, 4th trimestre, 1882.

Philo of Byblus (Herennius). Vide p. 95 of the present volume for data concerning his works.

Philo Judaeus (ca. b.c. 20 - a.d. 54), *De specialibus legibus. Loeb Classical Library.—*Biblical Antiquities. See for detailed data pp. 217-18 in the present Volume.

Pindarus (523-448 b.c.), *Dirges (Thrênoi). Loeb Classical Library.

Plato (427?-347 b.c.), *Republic. Loeb Classical Library.

Plutarch (46?-120?), *Quaestiones Romanes and *Consolatio ad Apollonium (in Moral Essays). Loeb Classical Library.

Pope, Alexander (1688-1744), *An Essay on Man. Orig. ed., 1733.

Porphyry (233-304?). *De abstinentia carnis (On the abstinence from Animal Food). Vide Thomas Taylor, Select Works of Porphyry, London, 1823.—*De sacrificio et magia—a condensation of De abstin., which appears in its Latin form as an appendix to lamblichus’ De mysteriis Egyptiorum, etc., Venice, 1497, and London, 1552, 3891570, 1577.—*On the Good and Bad Demons. Not positively identified, but is most likely a descriptive title for the subject of De abstinentia.

*Practical Laws of Occult Science. Coptic copy. Untraced.

Proclus (a.d. 410-485). Chief representative of the later Neo-Platonists, born at Constantinople. Attended at Athens the lectures of Plutarch and Syrianus, and about 405 succeeded the latter in the chair of philosophy—hence his surname Diadochus. Incured the hatred of the Christians and took refuge in Asia Minor, returning later to Athens where he remained until his death. His great literary activity was chiefly devoted to the elucidation of the writings of Plato.

Psellus, Michael (1018-1079). Most likely *Zoroaster, Oracula magica cum Scoliis Plethonis et Pselli nunc primum editi. Greek and Latin texts. Johannis Opsopoei, 1599, 1607, 1689.—The History of the Chaldean Philosophy, Thos. Stanley. Contains Commentaries of Pletho and Psellus. London, 1662. Passage quoted has not been definitely identified—* Peri Daimonón (Lat. De Daemonibus), or Concerning Daimons according to the opinions of the Greeks, in Migne, Patrol. Curs. Compl., Ser. Gr., Vol. 122, col. 879. Paris, 1889. Also in Thomas Taylor’s The Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries, 3rd ed., New York: J. W. Bouton, 1875.

Raghunath Rao, Dewan Bahadoor, *What is Hindu Religion? No further information available.

Remigius, St. (St. Remi or Remy). Apostle of the Franks, Archbishop of Reims, b. at Cerny or Laon, 437; d. at Reims, Jan. 13, 553. His father was Émile, Count of Laon; he studied literature at Reims, and soon became so noted for learning that he was elected Archbishop in his 22nd year. From then on his chief aim was the propagation of Christianity in the realm of the Franks. He converted Clovis to the new faith, with the assistance of his wife Clotilda, in 496. Clovis granted Remigius stretches of territory, in which he established and endowed many churches; he erected several bishoprics, notably at Tournai and Cambrai. He was on excellent terms with the Frankish nobility and received from its members munificent donations. His influence upon both the people and the prelates was considerable. His relics are now in the Abbey of Saint-Remy, France.

Résie, Lambert-Elisabeth d’Aubert, Comte de. French historian and writer on religious subjects; b. at Pesmes (Haute-Saône), 390Nov. 8, 1785. Joined the Marine Corps, 1805, and travelled in America, Africa and India, in conn, with his service. Transferred to cavalry, 1814. Given various confidential missions to perform under Louis XVIII and Charles X, in regard to military conspiracies; served as informant to the Council of War. Retired, 1834. Was member of various scientific institutions. Prolific writer whose chief works are: Plaidoyer religieux. Le Mans, 1828.—Le bon Catholique selon le conseil d’État. Paris: Leclère, 1839.— La Savoie, etc. Paris: Lecoffre, 1846.—Histoire de Г Église d’Auvergne. 4 vols. Clermont-Ferrand, Paris, 1855-58.—*Histoire et traité des sciences occultes, ou examen des croyances populaires sur les êtres surnaturels, la magie, la sorcellerie, la divination, etc., depuis le commencement du monde jusqu’à nos jours. 2 vols. Paris: Vivès, 1857. 8vo.—For some strange reason, Résie is mentioned in none of the best known encyclopaedias. Above data are from La France littéraire ou Dictionnaire bibliographique of J.-M. Quérard, Vol. XII, Paris, 1859-64.

Reuvens, Caspar-Jacob-Christiaan. Dutch philologist and student of antiquity, b. at The Hague, Feb. 22, 1793; d. at Rotterdam, July 28, 1837. Studied law at Leyden and Paris, where he became an attorney, 1812. Prof, of Greek liter, and Latin at Harderwyck, 1815; held chair of ancient history and archeology, Univ, of Leyden, 1818. In 1825, began uncovering near The Hague the remains of the ancient Forum Adriani. Works: Collectanea litter., Leyden, 1815.—*Lettre à M. Letronne . . . sur les papyrus bilingues et grecs, et quelques autres monuments gréco-égyptiens du musée d’antiquités de l’université de Leide. Leyden: S. et J. Luchtmans, 1830. 3 pts. in 1 Vol. 4to. Atlas.

Rochas d’Aiglun, Eugène-Auguste-Albert de. French officer and writer, b. at Saint-Firmin (Hautes-Alpes); d. 1914. Was a military man of great talent, retiring in 1888, as lieutenantcolonel, and was app. administrator of the Polytechnic School. Devoted years to the scientific study of hypnotism and mesmerism. Aside from various works on military science, fortifications, etc., wrote the following books : Les Forces non définies. Paris: G. Masson, 1887. 394 pp.—Les Frontiers de la Science. 2 vols. Paris, 1902-04.— Les états profonds de l’hypnose. Paris: Chamuel, 1892; 5th ed., 1905. —L’extériorisation de la motricité. Paris: Chamuel, 1896; 4th ed., 1906.—Le fluide des magnétiseurs. 1891.—La lévitation. Paris: P. G. Leymarie, 1897.—La science dans Г antiquité. Paris: G. Masson, 1883.—La science des philosophes et l’art des taumaturges dans l’antiquité. Ibid., 1882.—Les vies successives. Paris: Chacornac, 1911; 2nd ed., 1924. Did important pioneering work in the psychological sciences. H. P. B. quotes from his article in La Nature, April 18, 1885, and May 30, 1885, on colour-sound phenomena.

*Roman Breviary, 1520. No definite information available.

391 Romanes, George John. British biologist; b. at Kingston, Canada, May 20, 1848; d. at Oxford, May 23, 1894. Educ. at Gonville and Cains Coll., Cambridge. Early formed intimate friendship with Chas. Darwin, whose theories he popularized during his life. Studying under Sir J. Burton Sanderson at Univ. Coll., London, 1874-76, began research on nervous and locomotor systems of medusae and echinodermata, the results of which were published in his work on Jelly-fish, Starfish, and Sea-urchins (London: K. Paul, Trench & Co., 1885). Published, 1881, Animal Intelligence, and in 1883, Mental Evolution in Animals, tracing parallel development of intelligence in the animals and man. This was followed in 1888 by Mental Evolution in Man (London: Kegan Paul & Co.), maintaining essential similarity of reasoning processes in higher animals and man. Delivered, 1886-90, course of lectures at Edinburgh on “The Philosophy of Natural History,” and was Fullerian Prof, of physiology at Royal Institution, 1888-91. His Examination of Weismannism, 1892, upheld theory of the hereditability of acquired characteristics. Settled at Oxford, 1890, and founded a lectureship. Published, 1893, first part of his Darwin and after Darwin (second part publ. in 1895; third remains unpubl.).

Rosellini, Ippolito. Italian Egyptologist; b. at Pisa, Aug. 13, 1800; d. June 4, 1843. Educ. at Bologna under Mezzofanti; studied theology and Hebrew, taught Hebrew and Arabic at Pisa Univ., until 1824. Called, 1824, to the chair of Oriental languages at Univ, of Pisa. Shortly after became passionately interested in Egyptology and was associated with J. F. Champoilion in study and, exploration of Egypt, 1828-29. Death of Champoilion left him the task of publ. results of these explorations. Works: *I Monumenti dell’ Egitto e della Nubia, disegnate della spedizione scientifico-litteraria toscana in Egitto. Pisa: Presso N. Capurro, 1832-44. 9 vols. 8-vo.—Elementa linguae aegyptiacae vulgo copticae. Rome, 1837.

Rouge, Olivier Charles Camille Emmanuel, Vicomte de (1811-72). No definite work referred to. Vide Vol. V (1883), p. 380, for information and biogr. data.

Sabinus, Aulus. Latin poet who died ca. 14 b.c.; he was a friend of Ovid and is known to us only from two passages of the works of the latter. From one of these (Amores, II, xviii, 27-34) we learn that Sabinus had written answers to six of the Epistolae Heroidum of Ovid. The other passage (ex Pont., IV, xvi, 13-16) informs us that Sabinus wrote works entitled Troezena and Dierum (Days), the latter supposed to be a continuation of Ovid’s Fasti.

St. Patrick. Vide Ware, Sir James, and p. 32 of the present volume.

392 St. John Chrysostom (345-407). *Johannis Chrysostomi Commentarius in Epistolam ad Romanos, in Migne, Patrol. Curs. Compl., Ser. Graeca Prior, Vol. XXXII, col. 531.—*“The Homelies of S. John Chrysostom ... on the Epistle of St. Paul . . . to the Romans,” in Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, anterior to the division of the East and West. Oxford: J. H. Parker; London: F. & J. Rivington, 1848.

St. Severinus. Christian apostle and monk of Noricum (modern Carinthia) in the 5th cent, a.d.; last representative of Christian culture among the Roman inhabitants of the Danube district. Came from the East at about the time of Attila’s death, which was followed by havoc and devastation. Settled near the present city of Vienna and built a monastery; led so austere a life that even in winter, when the Danube was frozen, he walked up and down over the ice barefoot, on various errands of mercy. Travelled as far as Castra Batava (Passau) and inland from the river up to Juvavum (Salzburg). Introduced tithes among the well-to-do to relieve the poor, but without much success. Offered bishopric, but refused. Was reverenced for a holy life both by Romans and the barbaric tribes alike. Possessed second sight and the gift of prophecy. Died, 482, near Vienna; buried in the castle of Luculanum, near Naples. The story of his life was written, about 511, by his pupil Eugippius.

Samkhyakdrika (Isvarakrishna). The Samkhya Kdrika of isvara Krsna, with an introduction, translation, and notes by S.S. Suryanarayana Sastri.... xlii, 130. [Madras] University of Madras, 1930. Text in Devanagari and Roman. [Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn.; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore., Md.].—Hindi! philosophy. The Sankhya Karikd of isvara Krishna . . . [Translated] by John Davies . . . vi, 151. London, Triibner and Co., 1881. Triibner’s Oriental Series. [Yale Univ.; New York Publ. Libr.; Univ, of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.]

Sanchuniathon. Vide p. 95 of the present volume.

Scott, Walter. See Hermes Trismegistus.

Secchi, Father Angelo. Italian astronomer; b. at Reggio nell’ Emilia, June 29, 1818; d. at Rome, Feb. 26, 1878. Joined early the Soc. of Jesus; after completing his educ., taught in various colleges of the Order, among them at Georgetown Coll., Washington. Appointed, 1849, Prof, of physics and astronomy at Coliegio Romano, as well as Director of its observatory, which he reconstructed, 1852. In 1870, when Italian troops took Rome, his Order was dispersed, but new government retained him in his position. Made special studies of the sun, moon and planets. 393Apart from his innumerable scientific papers, his main works are: Le Soleil (Paris, 1870; 2nd ed., 1875-77. 2 vols. 8-vo), and Le Stelle (Milano, 1877. 8-vo).

Seeck, Otto. Vide Symmachus

Selden (Seldenus), John. English jurist, legal antiquary and orientalist, b. at Salvington, Sussex, Dec. 16, 1584, on his father’s farm; d. at Friary House in Whitefriars, Nov. 30, 1654. Ed. at Chichester grammar school and Hart Hall, Oxford; entered Cliffor’s Inn, 1603, and the Inner Temple, 1604; was called to the bar, 1612. Among his early works are: Titles of Honour, 1614, still the most comprehensive work on the subject, and *De diis Syriis (De Dis Syris Syntagmata II, etc.). London: G. Stansleius, 1617. 8-vo; also 1619, 1629, and Amsterdam, 1680. It was transl. by W. A. Hauser as *The Fabulous Gods denounced in the Bible (Philad.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1880). His History of Tithes, 1618, was suppressed. For instigating the memorable protestation on the rights and privileges of the House, he was committed to the Tower, 1621, where he occupied himself in preparing an ed. of Eadmer’s History. Returned to the House of Commons, 1623; was in both the second and third parliaments, 1626 and 1628. Sent once more to the Tower, 1629, for resolut. against the illegal levy of tonnage. After being released, he managed to secure the personal favor of the king, and dedicated to him his Mareclausum, 1635. Joined in the protestation of the Commons for the maintenance of the Protestant religion acc. to the doctrines of the Church of England, the authority of the Crown, and the liberty of the subject. App. keeper of the records in the Tower, 1643. Subscribed, 1646, the Solemn League and Covenant, and was voted, 1647, £ 5,000 by the parliament for his sufferings under the monarchy. Of his later works should be mentioned: Privileges of the Baronage of England, 1642.—Uxor Ebraica, 1646.—Earliest printed ed. of the old English law-book Fleta, 1647.—De synedriis et prefecturis iuridices veterum Ebraeorum, 1650, 1653, 1655, in three parts.

Sepher Yetzirah or Book of Formation. Editio princeps, Mantua, 1562. Text and commentary by M. Grossberg, London, 1902. Translated in parts by W. W. Westcott, London, 1893. Considered by some to be the oldest known work on the Hebrew Language. Latin translation by William Postel, Paris, 1552.

Sepp, Johann Nepomuk. German Catholic theologian, historian and archaeologist; b. at Toelz (Bavaria), Aug. 7, 1816; d. at Munich, June 5, 1909. Stud, philology and theology at Miinich; at twenty-three years of age, began his work, Das Leben Jesu Christi (Regensburg, 1842-46, 7 vols.; 2nd ed., 1858; 4th ed., D. Hamborg, Munich, 1898), destined to refute the one by Strauss. Was 394under influence of Schelling and Görres. To gather material, visited, 1845-46, Syria, Palestine, Egypt. Upon return, app. prof, of history at Univ, of Münich. During crisis of 1847, provoked by Lola Montez, lost position and was banished from city for political opinions. Allowed to return after revolution of 1848. Elected to. the Nat. Assembly of Frankfurt, and then to the Bavarian Parliament. Reinstated in his chair, 1850, which he occupied until retirement, 1867. In March, 1870, while considered as head of Catholic Party in Bavaria, published a very vigorous book against the infallibility of the Pope, which was placed on the Index. Other works: Das Heidenthum und dessen Bedeutung für das Christenthum. Regensburg: G. J. Manz, 1853. 3 vols. 8vo.—Das Hebräer-Evangelium. Münich, 1870—Deutschland und der Vatikan. Münich: G. Beck, 1872.—Die Religion der alten Deutschen, etc. Münich: Schöpping, 1890.—Die geheime Offenbarung Jahannis (with A. Dürer). München: 1896.

Servius Maurus Honoratus (or S. Marius H.). Celebrated Latin grammarian, contemporary with Macrobius who mentions him with much respect in his Saturnalia. Wrote elaborate comm, on Virgil, compiled from the labors of many earlier annotators; it is still extant but probably greatly altered by mediaeval transcribers; contains many curious points connected with history, antiquities and mythology, and many passages from lost works. Text improved and purified by R. Stephens (Paris, fol. 1532) and by Masvicius (Virgilii Opera, Leovard, 1717). To be found in its best form in the ed. of Virgil by Burmann.

Seyffarth, Gustav. German Egyptologist, b. at Uebigan, near Weissenfels, Saxony, July 13, 1796; d. at Leipzig, 1860. Studied at Leipzig philology and theology, since 1815, and settled there in 1823 as privat-docent in archaeology. Ass. prof., 1825, and reg. prof., 1836. First he worked on Greek vowels, later devoting himself to Egyptology. Continued the work of Spohn, after the latter’s death. Travelled for three years at the expense of the government of Saxony, visitingEgyptological collections at Münich, Berlin, Rome, London, Paris, Turin, Naples, bringing back innumerable drawings and reproductions of Egyptian monuments, which served as material for his works. His theory was that every hieroglyph expresses mainly the consonants of the word which it represents. Seyffarth engaged in lively controversies with Cham- pollion the Younger.

Works: Rudimenta hieroglyphicos. Leipzig: Barth, 1826, 4to.— Die Grundsätze der Mythologie und der alten Religionsgeschichte. Ibid., 1843.—Chronologia Sacra. Ibid., 1846 (concerned with the birthdate of Jesus).—Grammatica egyptica. Gotha: F. A. Perthes, 1855.—Theologische Schriften der alten Aegypter. Gotha: Perthes, 1855 (contains transl. of important Turin papyrus).

395 Shaphan. Son of Azaliah and scribe of King Josiah. He received from Hilkiah, the high-priest, the Book of the Law, which had been found in the Temple. He was one of those sent by the King to the prophetess Huldah. See II Kings, xxii; II Chron., xxxiv; Jer., xxxvi, 10-12.

Sharpe, Samuel (1799-1881), *Egyptian Inscriptions, etc., 2 vols. London: E. Moxon, 1837-41.

Shimon ben Yohai. Vide p. 269 of the present volume for data.

Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840-1921). *The Occult World. London: Triibner and Co., 1881. 172 pp. 8vo.; 1st American ed., with App. regarding the “Kiddle Incident.” New York and Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1885.—*LeMonde Occulte·. Hypnotisme Transcendant en Orient. Tr. by F. K. Gaboriau. Paris and Brussels, 1887. —*Esoteric Buddhism. London: Triibner and Co., 1883; many subsequent editions.—*The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett (from the Mahatmas M. and K. H.). Transcribed, Compiled and with an Introd, by A. T. Barker (1893-1941). London: T. Fisher Unwin, December, 1923; New York: Frederick A. Stokes, xxxv, 492 pp.; 2nd rev. ed., London: Riderand Co., 1926; 8th impr., London: Rider and Co., 1948.—*The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett, and Other Miscellaneous Letters. Transcribed, Compiled, and with an Introd, by A. T. Barker. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1925. xvi, 404 pp.—*Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky. Compiled from Information supplied by her Relatives and Friends. London: George Redway, 1886, xii, 324 pp.; 2nd ed., London: Theos. Publ. House, 1913. 256 pp. Somewhat abbreviated.—*The “Occult World Phenomena” and the Society for Psychical Research. London: George Redway, 1886.60 pp.—*United. London: George Redway, 1886. 2 vols.

Skinner, J. Ralston. *Key to the Hebrew-Egyptian Mystery in the Source of Measures, etc. Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co., 1875. xvi, 324 pp.; 3rd ed., Philadelphia, Penna.: David McKay Co., 1931. —*“Hebrew Metrology,” Masonic Review (Louisville, Ky.), July, 1885.—*“The Cabbalah,” Masonic Review, September, 1885.

Smith, George Duncan (1893—), *The Teaching of the Catholic Church. New York: Macmillan & Co., 1949.

Society for Psychical Research. *Proceedings, Vol. Ill, Part ix, December, 1885. London: Triibner & Co.

Solovyov, Vsevolod Sergueyevich (1849-1903). Vide p. 332 of the present volume, and Vol. VI, p 446, for complete biographical data and information regarding his writings.

Steiger, Madame Isabel de. English painter, authoress and Theo- sophist, b. at Liverpool, Feb. 28, 1836; d. Jan. 1, 1927. She was one out of seven children, and her mother died when she was only five. Educated in private school at Liverpool until fifteen, 396then went to a school at Stratford-on-Avon. From early years showed aptitude for art and interest in natural sciences, and was a great reader. Married at 25 Rudolf Adolf von Steiger von Riggersberg, of an old Swiss noble family; he was a cotton merchant with business interests in Egypt, where they went to live for a time. Her husband having died some ten years later of tuberculosis, Mme. de Steiger returned for a while to Egypt where she studied painting. After a stay in Florence, she returned to London in 1874. From then on, she lived mostly in London, Edinburgh and Liverpool, painting in earnest and exhibiting in various Galleries.

She says that her blackest period spiritually was after the death of her husband, but that at the age of about 45 a great mental change took place, and she gradually evolved a deeper philosophy of life. She was for many years interested in Spiritualism and wrote articles for Light (London). Before hearing of Theosophy, she was a member of the Spiritualistic circle of Mrs. Hollis- Billing, a very remarkable medium who was very friendly with H. P. B. some years later. As a matter of fact, it was at the home of Dr. and Mrs. Billing, at Norwood, London, that H. P. B. and Col. Olcott stayed on their way to India, in early January, 1879. Mrs. Billing’s “control” was known by the name of “Ski.” The mystery about this entity has never been fully divulged, but we find the following information in a letter which H. P. B. wrote to Mrs. Hollis-Billing from Simla, under date of October 2, 1881:

“...Why for pity’s sake do not you tell people the truth about our Brother Ski, as you told me, as you and he know it to be the truth ? Why allow the people to believe he is a disembodied ‘Spirit,’ when he is a living Spirit, who lived and will live for as many hundred years as he likes, putting his body away to sleep, whenever tired of earthly life, and roaming in the interplanetary worlds as much as he likes. Why should you conceal from those who are prepared to receive the truth, that he was an Initiate, and knew more than all their ‘medicine men’ put together ? Our Brothers know him and he knows them. Morya is his greatest friend as you know, and he brought that silk handkerchief from ihis house to Olcott. Morya (M∴) wants Ski to come out bravely and tell the world the truth...”

Mme. de Steiger became associated with the first Theosophical Branch in England from the time of its formation in 1878, and apparently met H.P.B. and Col. Olcott on their way to India in 1879. She had been for some years a close friend of Dr. Anna

MADAME ISABEL DE STEIGER 1836-1927 Reproduced from her work entitled Memorabilia: Reminiscences of a Woman Artis! and Writer, London, Rider & Co.

397 Bonus Kingsford and in later years was on intimate terms with the Sinnetts. She took part in various Theosophical activities and knew most of the early workers in London. In 1887, she joined the Liverpool Lodge of the T.S., having moved to that city.

Mme. de Steiger’s interests seem to have been divided between the higher forms of Spiritualism, Theosophy, and the Hermetic teachings; she studied the latter with her life-long friend, Mrs. Mary Anne Atwood,* who exerted a very strong influence upon her mind. She later withdrew from the T.S., becoming interested in the Alchemical Society in London, and later yet in the work of Rudolf Steiner.

Many of her paintings and most of her personal belongings perished in a great fire at Edinburgh.

Mme. de Steiger published the following works: On a Gold Basis. A Treatise on Mysticism. London: Philip Wellby, 1907. xv, 349 pp. —Superhumanily. London: Elliot Stock.—Memorabilia. London: Rider & Co., publ. posthumously. This work, various portions of which were written at different times, contains a number of minor errors of both facts and dates, and should be read with discrimination.

She also wrote articles on Hermetic teachings for the Transactions of the Alchemical Society of London, and translated into English Karl von Eckartshausen’s Cloud upon the Sanctuary, a work of deep mystical significance and value.

*Mary Anne South (married later to Rev. Alban Thomas Atwood) was a very unusual individual. She was born in Hampshire in 1817 and died in 1910, at the advanced age of 92. She and her father, Thomas South, were dedicated students of the Classics and of the Hermetic tradition. At the age of thirty-three, she wrote her amazingly scholarly work entitled A Suggestive Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery, which was published at her father’s expense by Trelawney Saunders, London, 1850. It appeared anonymously. After a fairly brisk sale, the stock of this work was withdrawn and all copies burnt. It has been said that the reason for this was that the author and her father became convinced that the work revealed too much and might be open to abuse. Mrs. Atwood’s work, both in- its original edition and its second and third editions (Belfast, 1918 and 1920, respectively, with an introduction by Walter Leslie Wilmshurst and an Appendix; 597 pp.), is extremely scarce. The greater part of her valuable collection of books, Mrs. Atwood presented to the Theosophical Society in London during the presidency of A. P. Sinnett. Unfortunately it became scattered in later years. A more recent edition of Mrs. Atwood's work has been published by Julian Press, New York. 1960.

Mrs. Atwood may be considered as “the last of the Hermetists” in the closing years of the 19th century, and is doubtless an integral part of the Theosophical Movement, even though she is not known to have had any close contact with its organizational form.

398 Stobaeus, Johannes. Greek writer who derived his surname apparently from being a native of Stobi in Macedonia. Of his personal history nothing is known, but he probably belongs to the latter half of the 5th century a.d. His Eclogae and * Florilegium or Sermones are a collection of extracts from upward of five hundred Greek writers, the works of the greater part of which have perished. The best ed. of the Sermones is that of T. Gassford, Oxford, 1822, 4 vols.; and of the Eclogae the one by A. H. L. Heeren, Gottingen, 1792-1801, 4 vols. Vide Compiler’s Note appended to H.P.B.’s essay on “Egyptian Magic,” p. 133 of the present volume.

Stokes, Whitley. “The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick,” in Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland, 1887. 2 Vols.

Subba Row, T. *Notes on the Bhagavad-Gita. Vide p. 284 of the present volume.

Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (ca. 345-410). Brilliant representative of 4th-century paganism in Rome. ^Educated in Gaul. Proconsul of Africa, 373. His public dignities, which included that of pontifex maximus, his great wealth and high character, added to his reputation for eloquence, made him the champion of the pagan senate against the Christian emperors. Banished from Rome by Gratian, 382, for his protest against the removal of the statue and altar of Victory from the senate-house, and the curtailment of the sums allowed for the maintenance of the Vestal Virgins and the public celebration of sacred rites. Prefect of Rome, 384. Involved in the rebellion of Maximus, but pardoned by Theodosius, who elevated him to consul ordinarius, 391. A man of unimpeachable character, he performed his duties with a degree of mildness, firmness, and integrity, seldom found among statesmen in that corrupt age. His leisure hours were devoted to literary pursuits and his friendship with distinguished authors of the day proves that he delighted in associating with the learned. By his example, inspired for a time new life into the literature of his country. Of his writings we possess: Panegyrics·, Ten Books of * Epistles, published after his death by his son; parts of Complimentary Orations·, the Relationes, dealing with life in Rome. All earlier editions are now superseded by that of Otto Seeck in Monumento Germaniae Histórica, Ser. I, Auct. Antiq., Vol. 6, Part 1, Berlin: Weidemann, 1883.

Syncellus, Georgius (Georgios Synkellos). Byzantine chronicler and ecclesiastic, sometimes known as Abbas and Monachus, who lived in the latter part of the 8th and the beginning of the 9th century a.d. He was syncellus or personal attendant and cell-mate of Tarasius, patriarch of Constantinople (d. 806). A man of great talent and vast learning, especially versed in chronographical and 399historical subjects, he died without finishing his principal work, the completion of which he urged, as his dying request, upon his friend Theophanes. This work written in Greek was entitled: A Select Chronology, drawn up by George the Monk, Syncellus of Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople, from Adam to Diocletian. He intended to bring this work down to the year 800, but did not go beyond 284 a.d. His Chronicle preserves fragments of ancient writers and apocryphal books, and includes verbatim considerable portions of Eusebius’ Chronicon. After Syncellus’ death, his work was completed by the Chronographia of Theophanes. The earlier edition was by J. Goar, 1652; the newer one by W. Dindorf is in Bonn, Corpus scriptorum hist. Byz., 1829. 2 vols.

Taylor, Thomas (1758-1835). *The Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries. 3rd ed., New York: J. W. Bouton, 1875. Vide also under Porphyry.

Tertullian, Quintus (160?-230?), *Apologéticus. Migne, PCC.

Thomas Aquinas, Saint (1225?-1274). *Summa theologica. Vide Drioux. H.P.B. specifies Drioux’s editions of his work.

Thyraeus, Petrus (1546-1601). Also P. Thyrée, and Thiresus de Nuys. No definite information available, except that A. J. Caillet {Manuel Bibliogr. des Sciences Psychiques ou Occultes. Paris: Lucien Dorbon, 1912) mentions him as being a Jesuit of the Diocese of Cologne. He seems to have been a brother of Hermann Thyräus (1532-91), noted German Jesuit writer. The work attributed to P. Thyraeus is *Loca infesta, hoc est de infestis ob molestantus daemo- niorum et defunctorum hominum Spiritus locis . . . Coloniae Agrippinae: ex officina Mater Cholini, 1598. 4to. Also Lugduni: Pillehotte, 1599. 4to., and 1625. 8vo. In the British Museum holdings.

Tibullus, Albius. Roman poet, b. ca. 54; d. ca. 19 b.c. Belonged to the equestrian order. Accompanied Messala in 31 on a campaign in Aquitanian Gaul. From there he set out with him to the East; forced through ill health to remain behind at Corcyra. Henceforth lived on his estate between Tibur and Praeneste. Horace was warmly attached to him. Four books oV*Elegies are attributed to him; these poems are among the most perfect of their kind, of agreeable simplicity, tender feeling, and free from any prolixity; descriptive of nature and the joys of family life. Editions of text: Bärens (Leipzig, 1878); Hiller (ib., 1885); Lachmann (1829); Müller (1885); Postgate (1906). Transí, by Cranstoun (1872).

Ugolinus, Blasius (also Ugolini.) *Thesaurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum, complectens selectissima clarissimorum virorum opuscula, in quibus veterum Hebraeorum mores, leges, instituía, ritus sacri et civiles illustrantur. 34 vols. Venetiis: Johannes Gabriel Herthz, 1744-69, fol. (British Museum 400686. k. 1-20; University of California, Berkeley, Calif.: fBS62O A2V3 Case B). A very rare work, regarding the author of which very little information seems available, even the years of his life being uncertain.

Ventura di Raulica, Cardinal Gioacchino. Italian pulpit orator, patriot and philosopher, b. at Palermo, Dec. 8, 1792; d. at Versailles, Aug. 2, 1861. Entered Soc. of Jesus, 1808, and when that society was suppressed in Sicily, 1817, joined the Theatines. Ordained priest, and distinguished himself as Catholic journalist, apologist and preacher, especially by his Funeral Oration of Pope Pius VII, 1823, and as an exponent of the systems of de Lamennais, de Maistre and de Bonald. App. by Leo XII prof, of canon law at the Sapienza, and became, 1830, Superior-General of the Theatines. Published, 1828, his De methodo philosophandi, and in 1839, Bellezze della Fede (Rome, 3 vols.). After his Generalship, 1830-33, preached in Rome with great eloquence; also in Paris, where, though not perfect master of French, he was compared to Lacor'- daire. Became politically prominent with the accession of Pius IX. His eulogy of liberty in his sermon on the “Morti di Vienna” sounded like a diatribe against kings in general, and was placed on the Index, to which the author submitted. He maintained the lawfulness of Sicilian revolution; his ideal was an Italian Confederation under the presidency of the Pope. Though refusing a seat in the Roman Assembly, he advocated separation of eccles. and temporal powers. Opposed French intervention on behalf of the Pope. After the downfall of the Triumvirs, 1849, went to Montpellier and then to Paris, 1851, where his Conferences at the Madelaine won him great renown and were published as La raison philosophique et la raison catholique (1852-64). His philosophical views received final expression in the following works: La tradizione e semi-pelagiani della philosophia; Saggio sull’ origine dell’ idee; and his. *Philosophie Chrétienne (Paris, 1861. 8vo). His Opere Complete, in 31 vols., appeared at Milan, 1854-64.

Vergil (Publius Vergilius Maro—b.g. 70-19). *Aeneid. Loeb Classical Library.—*Georgies. Ibid.

Vishnu-Purâna. Ed. by Jîvânanda Vidyâsâgara. Calcutta: Saraswati Press, 1882 [Cleveland Publ. Libr. ; Boston Museum of Fine Arts].—Transi, by H. H. Wilson. Ed. by Fitzedward Hall. London: Trübner and Co., 1864, 65, 66, 68, 70. Works of the late H. H. Wilson [Yale Univ.; New York Publ. Libr.; Harvard Univ.; Library of Congress].

Voyevodsky, Leopold Franzovich (1846-?). Russian historian. Graduated from St. Petersburg University, writing for his Master’s degree an essay on “Cannibalism in Greek Mythology,” 1874. His Doctor’s thesis was *Introduction to the Mythology of the Odyssey 401(Vvedeniye v mifologiyu Odissei), Odessa, 1881. Was since 1882 Prof, of Classical Philology at the Univ, of Novorossiysk. His writings are valuable as a method of showing that many myths are a source of information regarding very ancient conditions of life in the history of a nation; however, his doctorate thesis attempted to explain Homer’s epic as a solar-lunar-star myth, which met with great opposition on the part of scholars. Other works: "On the so-called Homeric poems" (Odessa, 1876, in the Noles of the Univ, of Novor., Vol. XIX); "On the Origin of the Name of the Black Sea” (in the Wovrs of the 6th Archeolog. Meeting at Odessa, Vol. II).

Wachtmeister, Countess Constance (1838-1910). Reminiscences of H. P. Blavatsky and “The Secret Doctrine." London: Theos. Publ. Soc.; New York: The Path; and Madras: Theos. Soc., 1893, 162 pp. Vide Vol. VI, p. 448, in the present Series, for detailed biographical data.

Waite, Arthur Edward (1857-?). *The Doctrine and Literature of the Kabalah. 20, 508 pp. 8vo. London, 1902.—*The Secret Doctrine in Israel. A study of the Zohar and its connections. 16, 330 pp. 8vo. London, 1913.

Ware, Sir James (1594-1666). *De scriptoribus Hiberniae. Dublin, 1639. Latin text.—*Two Books of the Writers of Ireland. Dublin: printed by A. Crook, for M. Gunne, 1704. Transl. of the former one.—*The History of the Writers of Ireland. Dublin, 1764, 2 Books. 363 pp. Continued to a later date by Walter Harries.

Welles, C. B. *Essay in Harvard Theological Review, Vol. XXXIV, April 1941.

White, N.J.D. *“The Latin Writings of St. Patrick,” in Proceedings, Royal Irish Academy, Vol. XXV, 1904-05.

Winchell, Alexander. American geologist, b. at North East, N.Y., Dec. 31, 1824; d. at Ann Arbor, Feb. 19, 1891. Grad, at Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Conn., 1847. App. prof, of physics and civil engineering, Univ, of Michigan, 1853; and of botany, and geology in 1855. State geologist of Mich., 1859-62. Prof, of geology at Kentucky Univ., 1866-69; director of the Mich. Geol. survey, 1869-71; chancellor of Syracuse Univ., 1873-74. Prof, of geol. and paleont., Univ, of Mich., from 1879 until his death. Works: The Doctrine of Evolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1874.— Science and Religion, 1877.—Pre-Adamites. Chicago: Griggs & Co., 1880. —*World-Life; or, Comparative Geology. Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co., 1883.—Geological Studies, ditto, 1886.

Wolf, *Index a Jacobo Gaffarello, in Bibliotheca Hebraea.

402 Zhelihovsky, Mme. Vera Petrovna de, née von Hahn (1835-1896). H. P. B.’s sister. *H. P. Blavatsky and a Modern Priest of Truth'. Russian text. St. Petersburg, 1893. 177 pp.

Zohar or Midrash ha-Zohar and Sepher ha-Zohar. Hebrew text first printed in Mantua, Italy, 1558-60, in 3 vols., 4to. Preparations for this were made as early as 1556. The original stimulus for the printing seems to have come from Moses Bassola, of Pesaro, whose father was proof-reader at the press of Sonsino. At his solicitation, his disciple, Emmanuel of Benevento, undertook to publish the Zohar, by bearing the expense and assisting at the press. Its publication was further favored by Rabbi Isaac ben Emmanuel de Lattes, of Rome, who wrote an Introduction for it, and by the Cardinal Archbishop of Mantua, who issued a statement on its behalf.—Other editions are those of Cremona (1558, fol.), Lublin (1623), Amsterdam (1714 and 1806), Livorno, 1791, Vilna, (1911).—*C. Knorr von Rosenroth, Kabbala denudata. Latin and Hebrew. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt; J. D. Zunneri, 1684. Combines both Mantua and Cremona versions, together with other insertions.—*C. Liddell MacGregor Mathers, The Kabbalah Unveiled. From the Latin of Knorr von Rosenroth. London: George Redway, 1887. 8vo. viii, 359 pp. Includes: Siphra di-Zeni’uta, Idra Rabbah, and Idra Zula·—Jean de Pauly, Le Livre de la Splendeur. Doctrine ésotérique des Isréalites. Traduit pour la première fois sur le texte chaldaïque et accompagné de notes par J. de P. 6 vols. Paris, 1906-11.—Portions transi, into French by Éliphas Lévi, as Le Livre des Splendeurs Paris, 1894.—The standard English translation (partial only) is the one of Harry Sperling, Maurice Simon and Paul Levertoff. Five Vols. London and Bournemouth: Soncino Press, 1949. Vide p. 269 of the present volume for further data.

403

–––––––

SERIALS, PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS QUOTED OR REFERRED TO

Annales d'oculistique. Paris and Brussels, 1838. In progress.

Bulletin de la Société d'Anthropologie. Paris.

Journal de médecine de l’Ouest. Société académique de Nantes, Section de médecine. Nantes, 1867-89.

Lanterne, La. Paris.

Light: a Journal of Spiritual Progress and Psychic Research, London. Founded by Mr. E. Dawson Rogers, Manager of the National Press Agency, London. Edited for some years by Rev. W. Stainton Moses, pseud. “M. A. (Oxon.).” First issue, Jan. 7, 1881. In progress.

London Medical Record, 1873-91.

Lucifer. A Theosophical Magazine, designed to “Bring to Light the Hidden Things of Darkness.” Edited by H. P. Blavatsky and Mabel Collins. Vols. I-XX, September, 1887-August, 1897 incl. Later edited by Annie Besant and G. R. S. Mead. Superseded by The Theosophical Review.

Masonic Review and Masonic Journal of Louisville, Ky. A monthly magazine for the Craft. Cincinnati, Ohio, Ed. by Cornelius Moore and H. D. Moore. From 1845 on. One of the oldest Masonic magazines in the world.

Month. A Catholic Magazine, London, 1864. In progress as Month and Catholic Review.

Nature, La. Revue des Sciences et de leurs applications aux Arts et à l’industrie. Ill. weekly, ed. by Gaston Tissandier. Paris: G. Masson, Librarie de l’Académie de Médecine.

Nineteenth Century. London. Monthly review, 1877, etc.

Occult Word, The. Rochester, N.Y. Monthly edited by Josephine W. Cables and W. T. Brown. Vols. I-III, April 1884-March 1888.

Path, The. A Magazine devoted to the Brotherhood of Humanity, Theosophy in America, and the Study of Occult Science, Philosophy, and Aryan Literature. Published and Edited at New York by William Q. Judge. Vols. I-X, April, 1886-March, 1896 incl. Superseded by Theosophy.

404 Presse, La. Paris newspaper.

Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, London, 1882—, in progress.

Revue de I'hypnotisme, Paris, 1886-1934.

Revue philosophique de la France et de I'etranger. Paris, 1876—, in progress.

Revue scientifique. Paris, 1863-70.

Russkiy Vestnik (Russian Messenger). Moscow, Russia. At first twice a month, later monthly. Founded by M. N. Katkov, 1856. After his death (1887), publ. by his widow, and edited by Prince D. N. Tsertelev. Transferred to St. Petersburg in 1888, and ed. by F. I. Berg. Transf. back to Moscow in 1896, and ed. by D. N. Staheyev. Ceased publ. in 1906.

Russkoye Obozreniye (Russian Review). Moscow. Monthly, 1890-98. Vols. 1-9. First three years ed. by Prince D. N. Tsertelev, and publ. by N. Boborikin. Index to the first five years, then yearly indices. “Radda-Bai” (H. P. B.) is mentioned on back cover as- one of those “ closely associated ” with this periodical. However, no writings from H. P. B.’s pen have ever been located in this journal.

Syever (North). St. Petersburg. Weekly literary and artistic illustr. journal, founded, 1888, by Vsevolod V. Solovyov.

Theosophical Forum, The. New Series. Publ. under the authority of The Theosophical Society, Point Loma, Calif. Editor, G. de Purucker. Vols. I-XXIX, September, 1929-March, 1951 incl. Later edited by Arthur L. Conger.

Theosophist, The. A Monthly Journal Devoted to Oriental Philosophy, Philosophy, Art, Literature and Occultism. Conducted by H. P. Blavatsky, under the Auspices of The Theosophical Society. Bombay (later Madras): The Theos. Society, October, 1879—, in progress. (Vols. run from Oct. to Sept, incl.)

Footnotes

---