Teopedia

Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.1): Difference between revisions

Page Addition

Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.1) (view source)

Revision as of 19:46, 25 June 2025

56,178 bytes added ,  25 June
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{HPB-CW-header
{{HPB-CW-header
  | item title  = Appendix (BCW vol.1)
  | item title  = Appendix
  | item author  = Zirkoff B.
  | item author  = Zirkoff B.
  | volume      = 1
  | volume      = 1
Line 17: Line 17:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies
The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies and the Index (with square brackets), as well as in the English translations of original French and Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ ''Sanskrit-English Dictionary'', as for instance in the case of the ''Anusvâra'', the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore of a selective nature.
and the Index (with square brackets), as well
as in the English translations of original French and
Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific
scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering
to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ ''Sanskrit-English
Dictionary'', as for instance in the case of the
Anusvâra, the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced
by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore
of a selective nature.
 
It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for
a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore
all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the
form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier
notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or
line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated
too many alterations, and almost certainly would have
produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been
adhered to throughout.


It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore
all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the  form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated too many alterations, and almost certainly would have produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been adhered to throughout.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|443}}
{{Page aside|443}}
{{Style P-Title|GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY}}
{{Style P-Title|GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY}}
{{Style P-Subtitle|(WITH SELECTED BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES)}}
{{Style P-Subtitle|({{Style S-Small capitals|With Selected Biographical Notes}})}}
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


Line 58: Line 42:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Adi-Granth'''. Sacred hook of the Sikh Gurus. It is an important
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''''Adi-Granth'''''. Sacred hook of the Sikh Gurus. It is an important
compilation of the utterances of the early Vaishnava saints or
compilation of the utterances of the early Vaishnava saints or
Bhagats. It is from them that Nanak, the founder of the sect,
''Bhagats''. It is from them that Nanak, the founder of the sect,
took his doctrines, and each of the 31 rags forming the body of
took his doctrines, and each of the 31 ''rags'' forming the body of
the Granth, is followed by utterances of the saints, chiefly of
the ''Granth'', is followed by utterances of the saints, chiefly of
Kabir, while the conclusion of the hook contains more verses by
Kabir, while the conclusion of the hook contains more verses by
the same authors, as well as by the celebrated Sufi, Shekh Farid
the same authors, as well as by the celebrated Sufi, Shekh Farid
of Pakpattan. The Adi-Granth was compiled about 1600 by
of Pakpattan. The ''Adi-Granth'' was compiled about 1600 by
Arjan, the fifth Guru; it is written in a special Sikh script, the
Arjan, the fifth Guru; it is written in a special Sikh script, the
Gurmukhi, and sets forth the Sikh creed in its original pietistic
''Gurmukhi'', and sets forth the Sikh creed in its original pietistic
form, before it assumed its militant character. The texts are in
form, before it assumed its militant character. The texts are in
various dialects and even partly in Persian. Vide Ernst Trumpp,
various dialects and even partly in Persian. ''Vide'' Ernst Trumpp,
The Adi-Granth or Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, London, 1877.
''The Adi-Granth or Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs'', London, 1877.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''AGRIPPA VON NETTESHEIM, HENRY CORNELIUS (1486-1535)'''. German
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Agrippa von Nettesheim, Henry Cornelius}} (1486-1535)'''. German
writer, soldier, physician and magician. For many years in the
writer, soldier, physician and magician. For many years in the
service of Maximilian I, the German King who sent him, 1510,
service of Maximilian I, the German King who sent him, 1510,
Line 85: Line 69:
some disparaging words about the queen-mother, but was soon
some disparaging words about the queen-mother, but was soon
released. He was married three times and had a large family.
released. He was married three times and had a large family.
Agrippa's famous De occulta philosophia, which brought him into
Agrippa's famous ''De occulta philosophia'', which brought him into
antagonism with the Inquisition, was written about 1510, partly
antagonism with the Inquisition, was written about 1510, partly
under the influence of the author's friend, John Trithemius, then
under the influence of the author's friend, John Trithemius, then
abbot of Wurzburg, but its publication was delayed until 1531,
abbot of Wurzburg, but its publication was delayed until 1531,
when it appeared at Antwerp (also Lugduni: Fratres Beringo, 1533.
when it appeared at Antwerp (also Lugduni: Fratres Beringo, 1533.
3 vols.). His other principal work is De incertitudine et vanitate
3 vols.). His other principal work is ''De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum, etc.'' (Antwerp, 1531), wherein he denounces the accretions of theological Christianity. He also wrote ''De nobilitate et praecellentia feminei sexus'' (Coloniae, 1532) . An edition of his works was publ. at Leyden in 1550, with several later editions.
scientiarum, etc. (Antwerp, 1531), wherein he denounces the accretions
of theological Christianity. He also wrote De nobilitate et
praecellentia feminei sexus (Coloniae, 1532) . An edition of his
works was publ. at Leyden in 1550, with several later editions.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''AKSAKOV, ALEXANDER NIKOLAYEVICH'''. Russian author, philosopher and
<nowiki>*</nowiki> '''''Aitareya-Brahmana'''''. See {{Style S-Small capitals|Haug}}.
{{Vertical space|}}
 
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Aksakov, Alexander Nikolaevich}}'''. Russian author, philosopher and
prominent figure among writers on Spiritualism. He was born May
prominent figure among writers on Spiritualism. He was born May
27/June 8, 1832, in the village of Repyevka, Gorodishchensky
27/June 8, 1832, in the village of Repyevka, Gorodishchensky
uyezd, Province of Penza, on the estate of his father, Nikolay
uyezd, Province of Penza, on the estate of his father, Nikolay
Timofeyevich, brother of Serguey Timofeyevich, the author of the
Timofeyevich, brother of Serguey Timofeyevich, the author of the
renowned Family Chronicle. His mother was Catherine Alexeyevna
renowned ''Family Chronicle''. His mother was Catherine Alexeyevna
Panov, of an old aristocratic family of the Province of Simbirsk.
Panov, of an old aristocratic family of the Province of Simbirsk.
He was educated in the Alexander Lyceum of St. Petersburg, and
He was educated in the Alexander Lyceum of St. Petersburg, and
Line 118: Line 101:
to a philosophical outlook whereby he endeavored to establish an
to a philosophical outlook whereby he endeavored to establish an
empirical basis for his belief in the spiritual destiny of mankind.
empirical basis for his belief in the spiritual destiny of mankind.
As a result of his studies, he published the following works: 1)
As a result of his studies, he published the following works: 1) ''On Heaven, the World of Spirits, and Hell, as Seen and Heard by E. Swedenborg'', Leipzig, 1863; 2) ''The Gospel according to Swedenborg'', Leipzig, 1864; 3) ''The Rationalism of Swedenborg, etc''., Leipzig, 1870.
On Heaven, the World of Spirits, and Hell, as Seen and Heard
by E. Swedenborg, Leipzig, 1863; 2) The Gospel according to
Swedenborg, Leipzig, 1864; 3) The Rationalism of Swedenborg, etc.,
Leipzig, 1870.


This latter work led him to the sphere of Spiritualism which {{Page aside|445}} absorbed his interest in the second half of the sixties. It is in the
This latter work led him to the sphere of Spiritualism which {{Page aside|445}} absorbed his interest in the second half of the sixties. It is in the
writings of Andrew Jackson Davis that he found the clearest exposition
writings of Andrew Jackson Davis that he found the clearest exposition
of his own _attitude, and so he proceeded to publish in
of his own _attitude, and so he proceeded to publish in
Germany a series of German translations from Davis’ works: Der
Germany a series of German translations from Davis’ works: ''Der Reformator'', Leipzig, 1867; ''Der Zauberstab'', ditto, 1868; ''Die Principien der Natur'', ditto, 1869; ''Der Arzt'', ditto, 1873. His special interest lay in the study of such psychic phenomena as would
Reformator, Leipzig, 1867; Der Zauberstab, ditto, 1868; Die
Principien der Natur, ditto, 1869; Der Arzt, ditto, 1873. His special interest lay in the study of such psychic phenomena as would
provide evidence for the existence of a spiritual Principle in man.
provide evidence for the existence of a spiritual Principle in man.
ln so doing, Aksakov found a most sympathetic interest in Professor
ln so doing, Aksakov found a most sympathetic interest in Professor
Line 138: Line 115:
a large number of works, among which should be mentioned:
a large number of works, among which should be mentioned:


1) Manual of Magnetotherapy, of Count F. von Szapary. Trans.
1) ''Manual of Magnetotherapy'', of Count F. von Szapary. Trans.
from the French, St. Petersburg, 1860.
from the French, St. Petersburg, 1860.


2) Experimental investigation of Spiritualism, of R. Hare. Trans.
2) ''Experimental investigation of Spiritualism'', of R. Hare. Trans.
from the English, Leipzig, 1866.
from the English, Leipzig, 1866.


3) Spiritualism and Science. Investigations of Crookes’ Psychic
3) ''Spiritualism and Science''. Investigations of Crookes’ Psychic
Force. St. Petersburg, 1872.
Force. St. Petersburg, 1872.


4) Outline of the History of the Committee on Mediumism of
4) ''Outline of the History of the Committee on Mediumism of the Physical Society at the St. Petersburg University'', St. Petersburg, 1883.
the Physical Society at the St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg,
1883.


5) Monument lo Scientific Prejudice. The conclusions of the committee on Mediumism, St. Petersburg, 1883.
5) ''Monument lo Scientific Prejudice''. The conclusions of the committee on Mediumism, St. Petersburg, 1883.


He also wrote several monographs on Hellenbach and d’Assier
He also wrote several monographs on Hellenbach and d’Assier
Line 159: Line 134:
with this vast literary output.
with this vast literary output.


In 1874, Aksakov founded at Leipzig a monthly called Psychische
In 1874, Aksakov founded at Leipzig a monthly called ''Psychische Studien'' dedicated to the investigation of little known psychic phenomena.
Studien dedicated to the investigation of little known psychic phenomena.
This periodical continued to be published until 1934,
This periodical continued to be published until 1934,
having changed its name to Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie in 1925.
having changed its name to ''Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie'' in 1925.
A perusal of the contents of the early volumes of this publication
A perusal of the contents of the early volumes of this publication
shows it to have been by far one of the most outstanding
shows it to have been by far one of the most outstanding
Line 168: Line 142:


Aksakov’s personal views concerning Spiritualism are clearly
Aksakov’s personal views concerning Spiritualism are clearly
outlined in his Preface to his first edition of Spiritualism and
outlined in his Preface to his first edition of ''Spiritualism and Science'' (St. Petersburg, 1872), from which it appears that he
Science (St. Petersburg, 1872), from which it appears that he
made a dear distinction between observed facts and the theories
made a dear distinction between observed facts and the theories
current at the time to account for them. The basis and chief {{Page aside|446}}purpose of his literary activity was to observe and to record facts
current at the time to account for them. The basis and chief {{Page aside|446}}purpose of his literary activity was to observe and to record ''facts''
of genuine mediumism, entirely devoid of any theory or hypothesis,
of genuine mediumism, entirely devoid of any theory or hypothesis,
or religious and sectarian bias. He contended that a scientific
or religious and sectarian bias. He contended that a scientific
approach to this subject would require an array of scientifically
approach to this subject would require an array of scientifically
established facts, and that in due course of time some plausible
established ''facts'', and that in due course of time some plausible
theory, or a series of them, would emerge to justify facts on some
theory, or a series of them, would emerge to justify facts on some
reasonable basis. These views are further outlined in the January,
reasonable basis. These views are further outlined in the January,
Line 188: Line 161:
At a later time, Aksakov published the following works:
At a later time, Aksakov published the following works:


1) Spiritism, by K. R. E. von Hartmann. Trans. by A. M.
1) ''Spiritism'', by K. R. E. von Hartmann. Trans. by A. M.
Butlerov, 1887.
Butlerov, 1887.


2) A. M. Butlerov on Mediumism. With a portrait of the author
2) ''A. M. Butlerov on Mediumism''. With a portrait of the author
and reminiscences of N. P. Wagner, 1889.
and reminiscences of N. P. Wagner, 1889.


3) Forerunners of Spiritism for the last 250 Years [Russian
3) ''Forerunners of Spiritism for the last 250 Years'' [Russian
text]. St. Petersburg: V. Demakov, 1895; 513 pp.
text]. St. Petersburg: V. Demakov, 1895; 513 pp.


4) A Case of partial dematerialization of the body of a medium.
4) ''A Case of partial dematerialization of the body of a medium''.
Trans. from the French, Boston, 1898.
Trans. from the French, Boston, 1898.


5) Animism and Spiritism [Russian text], 2nd ed., St. Petersburg:
5) ''Animism and Spiritism'' [Russian text], 2nd ed., St. Petersburg:
V. Demakov, 1901. 679 pp.; German tr., Leipzig, 1894;
V. Demakov, 1901. 679 pp.; German tr., Leipzig, 1894;
French tr., Paris, 1906.
French tr., Paris, 1906.
Line 211: Line 184:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''ALDEN, WILLIAM LIVINGSTON'''. American author, b. at Williamstown,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Alden, William Livingston}}'''. American author, b. at Williamstown,
Mass., October 9, 1837; d. in 1908. Graduated from Jefferson
Mass., October 9, 1837; d. in 1908. Graduated from Jefferson
College, Penna., 1858; married, 1865, Agnes M. McClure; admitted
College, Penna., 1858; married, 1865, Agnes M. McClure; admitted
to New York Bar, 1860; practiced until 1865; leader-writer
to New York Bar, 1860; practiced until 1865; leader-writer
on New York World, Times, Graphic, etc., until 1885; U.S.
on New York ''World, Times, Graphic'', etc., until 1885; U.S.
Consul-General at Rome, 1885-89; leader-writer on Paris Herald,
Consul-General at Rome, 1885-89; leader-writer on Paris ''Herald'',
1890-93; since then resided in London (61, Clondesdale Road,
1890-93; since then resided in London (61, Clondesdale Road,
S.W.). Works: Canoe and Flying Proa, 1818.-Domestic Explosives, {{Page aside|447}}1817.-Life of Columbus, 1881.-Cruise of the “Ghost”, 1882.-New
S.W.). Works: ''Canoe and Flying Proa'', 1818.-''Domestic Explosives'', {{Page aside|447}}1817.-''Life of Columbus'', 1881.-''Cruise of the “Ghost”'', 1882.-''New Robinson Crusoe'', 1888.-''The Moral Pirates'', 1904.-''Told by the Colonel'', 1893.
Robinson Crusoe, 1888.-The Moral Pirates, 1904.-Told by
the Colonel, 1893.


Alden was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875, when
Alden was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875, when
Line 228: Line 199:
ridiculed the Society in the newspapers. As a writer, he had considerable
ridiculed the Society in the newspapers. As a writer, he had considerable
repute for caustic and humorous criticisms upon current
repute for caustic and humorous criticisms upon current
topics. Consult Col. Olcott's Old Diary Leaves, I, pp. 123-24, for
topics. Consult Col. Olcott's ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, pp. 123-24, for
the account of a curious experience which Alden had at New
the account of a curious experience which Alden had at New
York in 1874.
York in 1874.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Appleton Cyclopaedia of Biography'''.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''''Appleton Cyclopaedia of Biography'''''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BABINET, JACQUES'''. French physicist, b. at Lusignan, March 5, 1794;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Babinet, Jacques}}'''. French physicist, b. at Lusignan, March 5, 1794;
d. Oct. 21, 1872. Studied at Ecole Polytechnique in Metz. After a
d. Oct. 21, 1872. Studied at Ecole Polytechnique in Metz. After a
short time in an artillery regiment, became professor of physics at
short time in an artillery regiment, became professor of physics at
Lycee Saint-Louis, then at College de France. Entered the Academie
Lycee Saint-Louis, then at College de France. Entered the Academie
des Sciences in 1840. Works: Resume complet de physique, etc.,
des Sciences in 1840. Works: ''Resume complet de physique'', etc.,
Paris, 1825.-Sur la mesure des forces chimiques, etc. He was a
Paris, 1825.-''Sur la mesure des forces chimiques'', etc. He was a
talented journalist and an imaginative writer.
talented journalist and an imaginative writer.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BEAUMARCHAIS, PIERRE AUGUSTIN CARON DE (1732-99)'''. *Le Barbier
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de (1732-99)}}'''. *''Le Barbier de Seville'', 1775.-*''Le Mariage de Figaro'', 1778.
de Seville, 1775.-*Le Mariage de Figaro, 1778.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BORELLI, GIOVANNI ALFONSO'''. Italian physiologist and physicist, b.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Bobelli, Giovanni Alfonso}}'''. Italian physiologist and physicist, b.
at Naples in 1608; d. in Rome, Dec. 31, 1679. Appointed professor
at Naples in 1608; d. in Rome, Dec. 31, 1679. Appointed professor
of mathematics at Messina, 1649, and at Pisa, 1656. Returned
of mathematics at Messina, 1649, and at Pisa, 1656. Returned
to Messina, 1667, and retired to Rome in 1674, where he lived under
to Messina, 1667, and retired to Rome in 1674, where he lived under
the protection of Christina, Queen of Sweden. His best known
the protection of Christina, Queen of Sweden. His best known
work is De motu animalium (1680-81), in which he explains the
work is ''De motu animalium'' (1680-81), in which he explains the
movements of the animal body on mechanical principles. In a
movements of the animal body on mechanical principles. In a
letter published under the pseudonym of Pier Maria Mutoli in
letter published under the pseudonym of Pier Maria Mutoli in
1665, he was the first to suggest the idea of a parabolic path for
1665, he was the first to suggest the idea of a parabolic path for
a comet; among his many astronomical works is his Theoria
a comet; among his many astronomical works is his ''Theoria mediceorum planetarum ex causis physicis deducta'' (Florence, 1666), in which he considered the influence of attraction on the satellites of Jupiter.
mediceorum planetarum ex causis physicis deducta (Florence, 1666),
in which he considered the influence of attraction on the satellites
of Jupiter.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BREWSTER, SIR DAVID'''. Scottish physicist, and one of the founders of
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Brewster, Sir David}}'''. Scottish physicist, and one of the founders of
the British Association; b. at Jedburgh, Dec. 11, 1781; d. at
the British Association; b. at Jedburgh, Dec. 11, 1781; d. at
Allerby, Feb. 10, 1868. He made his name by a series of investigations {{Page aside|448}}on the diffraction of light, the results of which he contributed from time to time to Philosophical Transactions and other
Allerby, Feb. 10, 1868. He made his name by a series of investigations {{Page aside|448}}on the diffraction of light, the results of which he contributed from time to time to ''Philosophical Transactions'' and other
scientific journals. From 1859 on, Brewster was principal of
scientific journals. From 1859 on, Brewster was principal of
Edinburgh University, and succeeded J. J. Berzelius as one of the
Edinburgh University, and succeeded J. J. Berzelius as one of the
eight "foreign associates" of the Institute of France. In addition
eight "foreign associates" of the Institute of France. In addition
to his Treatise on Optics (1831) and other works, he edited the
to his ''Treatise on Optics'' (1831) and other works, he edited the
Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (1808-30) and was one of the leading
''Edinburgh Encyclopaedia'' (1808-30) and was one of the leading
contributors to the 7th and 8th ed. of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
contributors to the 7th and 8th ed. of the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BROWN, ROBERT, JR. (1844-?)'''. *The Great Dionysiak Myth, London,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Brown, Robert, Jr. (1844-?)}}'''. *''The Great Dionysiak Myth'', London,
1877.-*Poseidon: A Link between Semite, Hamite, and Aryan, being
1877.-*''Poseidon'': A Link between Semite, Hamite, and Aryan, being
an Attempt to trace the cultus of the God to its sources, etc.,
an Attempt to trace the cultus of the God to its sources, etc.,
London, 1872. 8vo.
London, 1872. 8vo.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BUCHANAN, JOSEPH RODES (1814-99)'''. See Vol. VI, pp. 429-30, for a
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Buchanan, Joseph Rodes (1814-99)}}'''. See Vol. VI, pp. 429-30, for a
biographical sketch.
biographical sketch.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BUCHNER, LUDWIC'''. German philosopher and physician, b. at Darmstadt in 1824; d. at Darmstadt, May 1, 1899. Studied at Giessen,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Buchner, Ludwik}}'''. German philosopher and physician, b. at Darmstadt in 1824; d. at Darmstadt, May 1, 1899. Studied at Giessen,
Strasbourg, Wurzburg and Vienna. Became, 1852, lecturer in medicine at the Univ. of Tubingen, where he published his great work,
Strasbourg, Wurzburg and Vienna. Became, 1852, lecturer in medicine at the Univ. of Tubingen, where he published his great work,
Kraft und Stoff (1855). The extreme materialism of this work
''Kraft und Stoff'' (1855). The extreme materialism of this work
excited so much opposition that he was compelled to give up his
excited so much opposition that he was compelled to give up his
position. Retired to Darmstadt where he practiced as a physician.
position. Retired to Darmstadt where he practiced as a physician.
He wrote also: Natur und Geist, 1857.-Aus Natur und Wissenschaft, 1862 and 1884.-Darwinismus und Socialismus, 1894.
He wrote also: ''Natur und Geist'', 1857.-''Aus Natur und Wissenschaft'', 1862 and 1884.-''Darwinismus und Socialismus'', 1894.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BUCKLE, HENRY THOMAS (1821-62)'''. *History of Civilization in England. Vol. I in 1857; Vol. II in 1861.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Buckle, Henry Thomas (1821-62)}}'''. *''History of Civilization in England''. Vol. I in 1857; Vol. II in 1861.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''BUTLEROV, ALEXANDER MIHAYLOVICH'''. Renowned Russian chemist,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Butlerov, Alexander Mihaylovich}}'''. Renowned Russian chemist,
founder of the so-called “Butlerov School,” b. Aug. 25/Sept. 6,
founder of the so-called “Butlerov School,” b. Aug. 25/Sept. 6,
1828, at Chistopol’, Province of Kazan’; died Aug. 5/17, 1886, on
1828, at Chistopol’, Province of Kazan’; died Aug. 5/17, 1886, on
Line 323: Line 290:
Mendeleyev and made up of members of the Physical Society at
Mendeleyev and made up of members of the Physical Society at
the University of St. Petersburg. He was a constant contributor to
the University of St. Petersburg. He was a constant contributor to
the Spiritualistic journal Rebus for which H.P.B. wrote. His articles
the Spiritualistic journal ''Rebus'' for which H.P.B. wrote. His articles
on the general subject of mediumship and psychic manifestations
on the general subject of mediumship and psychic manifestations
were published at St. Petersburg in 1889, with reminiscences by
were published at St. Petersburg in 1889, with reminiscences by
Line 329: Line 296:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102?-44 B.C.)'''. *Commentarii de bello Gallico,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Caesar, Gaius Julius (102?-44 b.c.)}}'''. *''Commentarii de bello Gallico'',
written in 51 B.C. Loeb Classical Library.
written in 51 B.C. Loeb Classical Library.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''CASSELS, W. R. (1826-1907)'''. *Supernatural Religion, etc. London,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Cassels, W. R. (1826-1907)}}'''. *''Supernatural Religion'', etc. London,
1874. 2 vols,; Vol. III in 1877. Many editions.
1874. 2 vols,; Vol. III in 1877. Many editions.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''COBB, JOHN STORER'''. English barrister and Doctor of Laws; at one
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Cobb, John Storer}}'''. English barrister and Doctor of Laws; at one
time Editor of the New Era magazine, the organ of the Reformed
time Editor of the ''New Era'' magazine, the organ of the Reformed
Jews in New York. Was a leader in the Cremation Movement. He
Jews in New York. Was a leader in the Cremation Movement. He
assisted in the formation of The Theosophical Society, and was
assisted in the formation of The Theosophical Society, and was
Line 347: Line 314:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''COLEMAN, CHARLES'''. *The Mythology of the Hindus, with Notices
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Coleman, Charles}}'''. *''The Mythology of the Hindus'', with Notices
of Various Tribes inhabiting the two Peninsulas of India and the
of Various Tribes inhabiting the two Peninsulas of India and the
neighboring Islands, etc. 3 pt. London, 1832, 4to.
neighboring Islands, etc. 3 pt. London, 1832, 4to.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''COLEMAN, WILLIAM EMMETTE'''. American author and lecturer, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Coleman, William Emmette}}'''. American author and lecturer, b. at
Shadwell, Va., June 19, 1843. As a boy of twelve, was assistant
Shadwell, Va., June 19, 1843. As a boy of twelve, was assistant
librarian in the Richmond Public Library, and at sixteen became
librarian in the Richmond Public Library, and at sixteen became
Line 361: Line 328:
Lectured widely on scientific subjects and was especially interested
Lectured widely on scientific subjects and was especially interested
in Oriental religions and languages, publishing a large number of
in Oriental religions and languages, publishing a large number of
papers. He also wrote two extended works: Darwinism and Spiritualism
papers. He also wrote two extended works: ''Darwinism and Spiritualism''
(1877), and Spiritualism-Cui Bono? (1878), in an attempt
(1877), and ''Spiritualism-Cui Bono?'' (1878), in an attempt
to place Spiritualism on a scientific basis. For some peculiar
to place Spiritualism on a scientific basis. For some peculiar
reason, Coleman opposed Theosophy and H. P. Blavatsky from
reason, Coleman opposed Theosophy and H. P. Blavatsky from
the very first, and published a number of articles trying to expose
the very first, and published a number of articles trying to expose
H.P.B. as a literary fraud. It appears that he was preparing a
H.P.B. as a literary fraud. It appears that he was preparing a
larger work for publication, Theosophy Unveiled, intended to be
larger work for publication, ''Theosophy Unveiled'', intended to be
a complete analysis of it as a mere humbug; but no such work
a complete analysis of it as a mere humbug; but no such work
has ever been published. While a few of Coleman's strictures have
has ever been published. While a few of Coleman's strictures have
Line 374: Line 341:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''COOKE, JOSIAH PARSONS (1827-94)'''. *The New Chemistry, 1872; 2nd.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Cooke, Josiah Parsons (1827-94)}}'''. *''The New Chemistry'', 1872; 2nd.
ed., London, 1874. See Vol. IX, p. 240, for biogr. sketch.
ed., London, 1874. See Vol. IX, p. 240, for biogr. sketch.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''CORSON, EUGENE ROLLIN (1855-?)'''. *Some Unpublished Letters of
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Corson, Eugene Rollin (1855-?)}}'''. *''Some Unpublished Letters of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky''. With an Introduction and Commentary. London: Rider & Co. [1929], 255 pp., facs. & ill.
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. With an Introduction and Commentary.
London: Rider & Co. [1929], 255 pp., facs. & ill.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''CORSON, HIRAM'''. American educator and author, b. in Philadelphia,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Corson, Hiram}}'''. American educator and author, b. in Philadelphia,
Pa., Nov. 6, 1828; d. at Ithaca, N. Y., June 15, 1911. Received his
Pa., Nov. 6, 1828; d. at Ithaca, N. Y., June 15, 1911. Received his
earliest schooling in the home of his parents, Joseph Dickinson and
earliest schooling in the home of his parents, Joseph Dickinson and
Line 434: Line 399:
of the old, no one was ever more impatient of mere convention
of the old, no one was ever more impatient of mere convention
... No venerable imposture escaped his scorn; no seer-eyed heresy
... No venerable imposture escaped his scorn; no seer-eyed heresy
failed of his welcome.” (W. T. Hewett, Cornell University, A History,
failed of his welcome.” (W. T. Hewett, ''Cornell University, A History'',
1905, Vol. II, pp. 39-40.)
1905, Vol. II, pp. 39-40.)


Line 440: Line 405:
he dealt with most of the great phases of English letters. Among
he dealt with most of the great phases of English letters. Among
his works, the following should be mentioned as being, each one of
his works, the following should be mentioned as being, each one of
them, examples of deep learning and noble aim: Handbook of
them, examples of deep learning and noble aim: ''Handbook of Anglo-Saxon and Early English'' (1871); ''The University of the Future'' (1875); An Introduction to the Study of Robert Browning’s Poetry (1886); ''An Introduction to the Study of Shakespeare'' (1889); ''A Primer of English Verse'', etc. (1892); ''The Aims of Literary Study'' (1895).
Anglo-Saxon and Early English (1871); The University of the
Future (1875); An Introduction to the Study of Robert Browning’s
Poetry (1886); An Introduction to the Study of Shakespeare
(1889); A Primer of English Verse, etc. (1892); The Aims of
Literary Study (1895).


Prof. Corson did not limit his attention purely to letters; he
Prof. Corson did not limit his attention purely to letters; he
Line 457: Line 417:
later became convinced of that and his belief in Spiritualism
later became convinced of that and his belief in Spiritualism
became firmly established. He read Col. Olcott's articles in the
became firmly established. He read Col. Olcott's articles in the
New York Daily Graphic about the manifestations at the Eddys’
New York ''Daily Graphic'' about the manifestations at the Eddys’
homestead at Chittenden, Vt., and also H.P.B.'s articles attacking
homestead at Chittenden, Vt., and also H.P.B.'s articles attacking
Dr. Beard. He wrote to H.P.B. to learn the real facts and to
Dr. Beard. He wrote to H.P.B. to learn the real facts and to
Line 468: Line 428:
of his books are dated.
of his books are dated.


It is at Ithaca that H.P.B. started to write Isis Unveiled in
It is at Ithaca that H.P.B. started to write ''Isis Unveiled'' in
earnest, although the very beginning of it may have been already
earnest, although the very beginning of it may have been already
laid before she left New York. She wrote about twenty-five closely
laid before she left New York. She wrote about twenty-five closely
Line 499: Line 459:
this Movement or her explanations concerning the phenomena of the
this Movement or her explanations concerning the phenomena of the
seance-room; nor was he any better pleased with certain utterances of Col. Olcott in his lectures. Corson sided with the Spiritualists
seance-room; nor was he any better pleased with certain utterances of Col. Olcott in his lectures. Corson sided with the Spiritualists
and published in the Banner of Light of Boston, Mass., some
and published in the ''Banner of Light'' of Boston, Mass., some
accusations against H.P.B.’s good faith. According to his son, Prof.
accusations against H.P.B.’s good faith. According to his son, Prof.
Corson “was quite too hasty in his revulsion of feeling; he later
Corson “was quite too hasty in his revulsion of feeling; he later
Line 515: Line 475:


Prof. Corson's Spiritualistic views have been expressed by him
Prof. Corson's Spiritualistic views have been expressed by him
in a book entitled Spirit Messages which was published posthumously
in a book entitled ''Spirit Messages'' which was published posthumously
in 1911.
in 1911.


Sources: H. Corson, Corson Family (1906); N.Y. Times, June
Sources: H. Corson, ''Corson Family'' (1906); ''N.Y. Times'', June 16, 17, 1911; Murray E. Poole, ''A Story Historical of Cornell University'', etc. (1916); W. T. Hewett, ''Cornell University'', etc. (1905); Eugene Rollin Corson, ''Some Unpublished Letters of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky''. lntrod. and Commentary (1929).
16, 17, 1911; Murray E. Poole, A Story Historical of Cornell
University, etc. (1916); W. T. Hewett, Cornell University, etc.
(1905); Eugene Rollin Corson, Some Unpublished Letters of Helena
Petrovna Blavatsky. lntrod. and Commentary (1929).
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''COX, EDWARD WILLIAM'''. English Serjeant-at-Law, b. at Taunton, 1809;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Cox, Edward William}}'''. English Serjeant-at-Law, b. at Taunton, 1809;
d. November 24, 1879. Eldest son of Wm. Charles Cox, manufacturer
d. November 24, 1879. Eldest son of Wm. Charles Cox, manufacturer
at Mill Hill, Middlesex, and Harriet, daughter of William
at Mill Hill, Middlesex, and Harriet, daughter of William
Line 533: Line 489:
1857-68, and recorder of Portsmouth from the latter date to his
1857-68, and recorder of Portsmouth from the latter date to his
death; chairman of the second court of Middlesex sessions, from
death; chairman of the second court of Middlesex sessions, from
1870 to the end of his life. Established the Law Times, April 8,
1870 to the end of his life. Established the ''Law Times'', April 8,
1843, to which he thereafter devoted the greater part of his time.
1843, to which he thereafter devoted the greater part of his time.
Became proprietor of The Queen, a Lady’s Newspaper, started in
Became proprietor of ''The Queen, a Lady’s Newspaper'', started in
1861, and later established a journal known as Exchange and Mart.
1861, and later established a journal known as ''Exchange and Mart''.
Issued several other papers, and was the author of a large number {{Page aside|454}}of legal works, the most important of which, The Law and Practice
Issued several other papers, and was the author of a large number {{Page aside|454}}of legal works, the most important of which, ''The Law and Practice of Joint-Stock Companies'', ran to six editions.
of Joint-Stock Companies, ran to six editions.


Cox married first, in 1836, Sophia, daughter of William Harris,
Cox married first, in 1836, Sophia, daughter of William Harris,
Line 552: Line 507:
Research. When Cox died, his Society was dissolved, Dec. 31,
Research. When Cox died, his Society was dissolved, Dec. 31,
1879. Members of this body of “rationalists” ascribed the phenomena
1879. Members of this body of “rationalists” ascribed the phenomena
of the seance-room to unconscious action of the normal faculties
of the ''seance''-room to unconscious action of the normal faculties
of the medium, not to the work of the spirits of the dead. Cox,
of the medium, not to the work of the spirits of the dead. Cox,
well known as a leading English investigator of these phenomena
well known as a leading English investigator of these phenomena
Line 563: Line 518:


In the interest of his Society, Cox published several treatises of
In the interest of his Society, Cox published several treatises of
originality and vigor, such as: What Am I? (1874). - The
originality and vigor, such as: ''What Am I?'' (1874). - ''The Mechanism of Man'' (1876).-''Spiritualism Scientifically Examined''; etc., a booklet issued in 1872.
Mechanism of Man (1876).-Spiritualism Scientifically Examined;
etc., a booklet issued in 1872.


Together with A. R. Wallace, Chas. Bradlaugh, Dr. James Edmunds,
Together with A. R. Wallace, Chas. Bradlaugh, Dr. James Edmunds,
Line 575: Line 528:
the prime agents in the phenomena.
the prime agents in the phenomena.


(Sources: Times, Nov. 26, 1879, p. 8; Law Times, Nov. 29,
(Sources: ''Times'', Nov. 26, 1879, p. 8; ''Law Times'', Nov. 29,
1879, pp. 73, 88; Illustrated London News, March 5, 1859, p. 221;
1879, pp. 73, 88; ''Illustrated London News'', March 5, 1859, p. 221;
and Dec. 6, 1879, pp. 529, 530 (with portrait); S. C. Hall’s
and Dec. 6, 1879, pp. 529, 530 (with portrait); S. C. Hall’s
Retrospect of a Long Life, 1883, II, 121-26; Hatton’s journalistic
''Retrospect of a Long Life'', 1883, II, 121-26; Hatton’s ''journalistic London'', 1882, pp. 208-11; ''Proceedings'', Psychological Society,
London, 1882, pp. 208-11; Proceedings, Psychological Society,
1875-79.)
1875-79.)
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-82)'''. *On the Origin of Species by
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-82)}}'''. *''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races {{Page aside|455}}in the Struggle for Life''. Published on November 24, 1859, the entire edition of 1250 copies being exhausted on the day of issue.
Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races {{Page aside|455}}in the Struggle for Life. Published on November 24, 1859, the
entire edition of 1250 copies being exhausted on the day of issue.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DAVIS, ANDREW JACKSON'''. American Spiritualist and Seer, b. in
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Davis, Andrew Jackson}}'''. American Spiritualist and Seer, b. in
Blooming Grove, Orange Co., N. Y., August 11, 1826; d. Jan. 13,
Blooming Grove, Orange Co., N. Y., August 11, 1826; d. Jan. 13,
1910. He was the son of Samuel Davis, a stern, poverty stricken
1910. He was the son of Samuel Davis, a stern, poverty stricken
Line 645: Line 595:
Nov. 28, 1845, to Jan. 25, 1847, Davis delivered while in a state
Nov. 28, 1845, to Jan. 25, 1847, Davis delivered while in a state
of trance one hundred and fifty-seven lectures, which were carefully
of trance one hundred and fifty-seven lectures, which were carefully
taken down verbatim and, after a minimum of editing, were
taken down ''verbatim'' and, after a minimum of editing, were
published in the Summer of 1847 in the shape of a large octavo
published in the Summer of 1847 in the shape of a large octavo
volume of nearly eight hundred closely printed pages, under
volume of nearly eight hundred closely printed pages, under
the title of Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and A
the title of ''Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and A
Voice to Mankind.
Voice to Mankind''.


Among those who frequently attended the circle while this work
Among those who frequently attended the circle while this work
Line 686: Line 636:


“Matter and Power were existing as a Whole, inseparable.
“Matter and Power were existing as a Whole, inseparable.
The Matter contained the substance to produce all suns, all worlds,
The ''Matter'' contained the substance to produce all suns, all worlds,
and systems of worlds, throughout the immensity of Space. It
and systems of worlds, throughout the immensity of Space. It
contained the qualities to produce all things that are existing
contained the qualities to produce all things that are existing
upon each of those worlds. The Power contained Wisdom and
upon each of those worlds. The ''Power'' contained Wisdom and
Goodness, Justice, Mercy, and Truth. It contained the original and
Goodness, Justice, Mercy, and Truth. It contained the original and
essential Principle that is displayed throughout immensity of
essential Principle that is displayed throughout immensity of
Line 697: Line 647:


From these opening sentences Davis traces the evolution of the
From these opening sentences Davis traces the evolution of the
Universe, which he terms Univercoelum, by a gradual process of
Universe, which he terms ''Univercoelum'', by a gradual process of
differentation into vast systems of suns, moving in concentric circles
differentation into vast systems of suns, moving in concentric circles
of inconceivable magnitude round the Great Eternal Centre. Later
of inconceivable magnitude round the Great Eternal Centre. Later
Line 711: Line 661:
eventually over some twenty-six works in all and became
eventually over some twenty-six works in all and became
known as the “Hannonial Philosophy.” Among these should be
known as the “Hannonial Philosophy.” Among these should be
mentioned: The Great Harmonia, 1850-52; The Philosophy of
mentioned: ''The Great Harmonia'', 1850-52; ''The Philosophy of Spiritual Intercourse'', 1856; ''The Penetralia'', 1856. In some of these
Spiritual Intercourse, 1856; The Penetralia, 1856. In some of these
and other works, Davis displayed a remarkable prophetic power.
and other works, Davis displayed a remarkable prophetic power.
He correctly described the automobile, the typewriter and flying
He correctly described the automobile, the typewriter and flying
Line 735: Line 684:
code. He preached social reconstruction and spiritual regeneration.
code. He preached social reconstruction and spiritual regeneration.
The main source of information concerning his views and the story
The main source of information concerning his views and the story
of his early life is his own Autobiography, The Magic Staff; published
of his early life is his own Autobiography, ''The Magic Staff''; published
as early as 1857, this gives only a picture of his early years.
as early as 1857, this gives only a picture of his early years.


Line 749: Line 698:
vastly different from anything that has ever come through ordinary
vastly different from anything that has ever come through ordinary
mediums; nor did he have any of the common Spiritualistic beliefs
mediums; nor did he have any of the common Spiritualistic beliefs
in regard to manifestations and the appearances in seance-rooms.
in regard to manifestations and the appearances in ''seance''-rooms.
His writings deserve a close study, especially by those who are
His writings deserve a close study, especially by those who are
interested in the earliest attempts on the part of the Teachers to
interested in the earliest attempts on the part of the Teachers to
Line 755: Line 704:
the true nature of the Universe and Man. It may be stated, without
the true nature of the Universe and Man. It may be stated, without
fear of contradiction, that Davis’ writings contain scattered ideas
fear of contradiction, that Davis’ writings contain scattered ideas
and conceptions reminiscent of The Secret Doctrine, especially with
and conceptions reminiscent of ''The Secret Doctrine'', especially with
regard to the origin and evolution of worlds. Even the language
regard to the origin and evolution of worlds. Even the language
of some of the passages is akin to later installments of the Esoteric
of some of the passages is akin to later installments of the Esoteric
Line 771: Line 720:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DEUTSCH, IMMANUEL OSCAR MENAHEM'''. German Orientalist, b. of
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Deutsch, Immanuel Oscar Menahem}}'''. German Orientalist, b. of
Jewish extraction at Neisse, Oct. 28, 1829; d. at Alexandria, May
Jewish extraction at Neisse, Oct. 28, 1829; d. at Alexandria, May
12, 1873. Studied at the Univ. of Berlin and became a Hebrew and
12, 1873. Studied at the Univ. of Berlin and became a Hebrew and
classical scholar. Appointed, 1855, assistant in the British Museum
classical scholar. Appointed, 1855, assistant in the British Museum
Library. He worked intensely on the Talmud and contributed more
Library. He worked intensely on the ''Talmud'' and contributed more
than 190 papers to Chambers’ Encyclopaedia. He is the author of
than 190 papers to ''Chambers’ Encyclopaedia''. He is the author of
a famous article on the Talmud in the Quarterly Review for October,
a famous article on the ''Talmud'' in the ''Quarterly Review'' for October,
1867, which was translated into many European languages.
1867, which was translated into many European languages.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DICKENS, CHARLES JOHN HUFFAM (1812-1870)'''. *little Dorrit, 1857.-*Edwin Drood, 1870.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Dickens, Charles John Huffam (1812-1870)}}'''. *''little Dorrit'', 1857.-*''Edwin Drood'', 1870.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DOUBLEDAY, ABNER'''. American military man, b. at Ballston Spa, N.Y.,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Doubleday, Abner}}'''. American military man, b. at Ballston Spa, N.Y.,
June 26, 1819; d. at Mendham, N. J., Jan. 26, 1893. Son of Ulysses
June 26, 1819; d. at Mendham, N. J., Jan. 26, 1893. Son of Ulysses
Freeman and Hester Doubleday, his father being representative in
Freeman and Hester Doubleday, his father being representative in
Line 850: Line 799:
Apart from his military career, he was an able engineer, and in
Apart from his military career, he was an able engineer, and in
1870 obtained a charter in San Francisco for the first cable railway
1870 obtained a charter in San Francisco for the first cable railway
ever built. He published Reminiscenses of Forts Sumter and {{Page aside|461}}Moultrie in 1860-61 (1876), Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (1882),
ever built. He published ''Reminiscenses of Forts Sumter and {{Page aside|461}}Moultrie in 1860-61'' (1876), ''Chancellorsville and Gettysburg'' (1882),
a pamphlet with maps, Gettysburg Made Plain, and articles in
a pamphlet with maps, ''Gettysburg Made Plain'', and articles in
periodicals on army matters, water supply for cities and other
periodicals on army matters, water supply for cities and other
topics. He was married in Washington, D.C., January, 1853, to
topics. He was married in Washington, D.C., January, 1853, to
Line 860: Line 809:
joined its ranks, attended its meetings and became a staunch friend
joined its ranks, attended its meetings and became a staunch friend
of the Founders. After the departure of the latter for India, Double·
of the Founders. After the departure of the latter for India, Double·
day was made the President pro tem in U.S.A., with W. Q. Judge
day was made the President ''pro tem'' in U.S.A., with W. Q. Judge
as Secretary. A gift from him of over seventy books to the Aryan
as Secretary. A gift from him of over seventy books to the Aryan
Branch of the T.S. in New York became the nucleus for a later
Branch of the T.S. in New York became the nucleus for a later
Line 866: Line 815:


It has been stated that Doubleday translated into English Eliphas
It has been stated that Doubleday translated into English Eliphas
Levi’s Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie and his Fables et Symboles; it is not known what became of these translations. Another
Levi’s ''Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie'' and his ''Fables et Symboles''; it is not known what became of these translations. Another
unfinished and most likely lost work of his was a complete Index
unfinished and most likely lost work of his was a complete Index
and Digest of the early issues of The Theosophist. It is a great pity
and Digest of the early issues of ''The Theosophist''. It is a great pity
that this labor has not been preserved as it should have been for
that this labor has not been preserved as it should have been for
the benefit of later students. On April 17, 1880, Doubleday was
the benefit of later students. On April 17, 1880, Doubleday was
Line 878: Line 827:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''DUPOTET DE SENNEVOY, BARON JULES (1796-1881)'''. See for biographical sketch Vol. VII, p. 368.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Dupotet de Sennevoy, Baron Jules (1796-1881)}}'''. See for biographical sketch Vol. VII, p. 368.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''EDDY BROTHERS'''. Horatio and William Eddy were primitive folk farming a small holding at the hamlet of Chittenden, near Rutland,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Eddy Brothers}}'''. Horatio and William Eddy were primitive folk farming a small holding at the hamlet of Chittenden, near Rutland,
Vermont. An observer described them as “sensitive, distant and
Vermont. An observer described them as “sensitive, distant and
curt with strangers, looking more like hard-working rough farmers
curt with strangers, looking more like hard-working rough farmers
Line 908: Line 857:


The best account of the mediumship of the Eddy Brothers is the
The best account of the mediumship of the Eddy Brothers is the
one by Colonel Henry Steel Olcott. The Daily Graphic of New York
one by Colonel Henry Steel Olcott. The ''Daily Graphic'' of New York
sent him to Chittenden to report his findings for that paper; this
sent him to Chittenden to report his findings for that paper; this
was in October, 1874. The result of his ten-week's stay in Vermont
was in October, 1874. The result of his ten-week's stay in Vermont
was a series of fifteen remarkable articles which appeared in October
was a series of fifteen remarkable articles which appeared in October
and November, 1874, in the New York Daily Graphic. It is on
and November, 1874, in the New York ''Daily Graphic''. It is on
the basis of these articles that Col. Olcott prepared his work entitled
the basis of these articles that Col. Olcott prepared his work entitled
People from the Other World which was published, profusely
''People from the Other World'' which was published, profusely
illustrated by Alfred Kappes and T. W. Williams, by the
illustrated by Alfred Kappes and T. W. Williams, by the
American Publishing Company, Hartford, Conn., in 1875.
American Publishing Company, Hartford, Conn., in 1875.
Line 921: Line 870:
range of physical mediumship; however, it was William Eddy’s
range of physical mediumship; however, it was William Eddy’s
mediumship which took the form of materializations, while Horatio
mediumship which took the form of materializations, while Horatio
gave seances of quite a different character. Some visitors, among
gave ''seances'' of quite a different character. Some visitors, among
them a Dr. Beard of New York, tried to show up the alleged “tricks”
them a Dr. Beard of New York, tried to show up the alleged “tricks”
of the Eddy Brothers, but to no avail; they were genuine mediums
of the Eddy Brothers, but to no avail; they were genuine mediums
Line 928: Line 877:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''ELEAZAR I (Lazar, Eleazar ben Shammua’)'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. VI, p. 433.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Eleazar I}} (Lazar, Eleazar ben Shammua’)'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. VI, p. 433.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''ELPHINSTONE, MOUNTSTUART'''. Scottish statesman and historian, b. in
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Elphinstone, Mountstuart}}'''. Scottish statesman and historian, b. in
1779; d. Nov. 20, 1859. Having received an appointment in the civil
1779; d. Nov. 20, 1859. Having received an appointment in the civil
service of the East India Company, he reached Calcutta in 1796.
service of the East India Company, he reached Calcutta in 1796.
Line 942: Line 891:
Bombay, where he remained until 1827, his principal achievement
Bombay, where he remained until 1827, his principal achievement
being the compilation of the “Elphinstone Code.” He may be regarded
being the compilation of the “Elphinstone Code.” He may be regarded
as the founder of the system of State education in India. {{Page aside|463}}He returned to England in 1829. Chief works: *An Account of the
as the founder of the system of State education in India. {{Page aside|463}}He returned to England in 1829. Chief works: *''An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India'', etc., London, 1815.-*''The History of India'', London, 1841, embracing the Hindu and Mohammedan periods.-''The Rise of British Power in the East'', London, 1858.
Kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and
India, etc., London, 1815.-*The History of India, London, 1841,
embracing the Hindu and Mohammedan periods.-The Rise of
British Power in the East, London, 1858.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''ENNEMOSER, JOSEPH'''. Austrian medico-philosophic writer, b. Nov. 15,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Ennemoser, Joseph}}'''. Austrian medico-philosophic writer, b. Nov. 15,
1787, at Hintersee, Tirol; d. at Egern, Sept. 19, 1854. After fighting
1787, at Hintersee, Tirol; d. at Egern, Sept. 19, 1854. After fighting
against the French in 1809 and again in 1813-14, he took his M.D.
against the French in 1809 and again in 1813-14, he took his M.D.
Line 955: Line 900:
Univ. of Bonn, 1819. Practiced at Insbruck, 1837-41; moved to
Univ. of Bonn, 1819. Practiced at Insbruck, 1837-41; moved to
Munich where he became widely known by his use of hypnotism.
Munich where he became widely known by his use of hypnotism.
His chief work is: Der Magnetismus in seiner geschichtlichen Entwickelung,
His chief work is: ''Der Magnetismus in seiner geschichtlichen Entwickelung'',
1819; 2nd ed., 1844; partial Engl. trans. 1854.-He also
1819; 2nd ed., 1844; partial Engl. trans. 1854.-He also
wrote: *The History of Magic, transl. from the German by Wm.
wrote: *''The History of Magic'', transl. from the German by Wm.
Howitt (1792-1879), London, 1854, 2 vols.
Howitt (1792-1879), London, 1854, 2 vols.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''FELT, GEORGE H'''. A New York engineer and architect, brilliant and
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Felt, George H.}}''' A New York engineer and architect, brilliant and
possessing genius, regarding whose life and career almost nothing
possessing genius, regarding whose life and career almost nothing
seems to be known. He lectured on “The Lost Canon of Proportion
seems to be known. He lectured on “The Lost Canon of Proportion
Line 971: Line 916:
Felt’s discoveries, but this venture apparently did not eventuate,
Felt’s discoveries, but this venture apparently did not eventuate,
and only a most elaborate prospectus of this forthcoming work
and only a most elaborate prospectus of this forthcoming work
survives. Consult Col. Olcott’s Old Diary Leaves, Vol. I, for details
survives. Consult Col. Olcott’s ''Old Diary Leaves'', Vol. I, for details
about Felt’s ideas and claims.
about Felt’s ideas and claims.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''FLINT, CHARLES RANLETT (1850-1934)'''. *Memories of an Active Life.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Flint, Charles Ranlett (1850-1934)}}'''. *''Memories of an Active Life''.
New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923. xviii, 349 pp.
New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923. xviii, 349 pp.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''FOLGER, ROBERT B'''. *The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, in
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Folger, Robert B.,}}''' *''The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, in Thirty-three Degrees'', etc. A full and complete history with an appendix... New York, 1862; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1881.
Thirty-three Degrees, etc. A full and complete history with an
appendix... New York, 1862; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1881.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''FRIEDENTHAL, KARL RUDOLF'''. Prussian statesman, b. at Breslau, Sept.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Friedenthal, Karl Rudolf}}'''. Prussian statesman, b. at Breslau, Sept.
15, 1827; d. March 6, 1890. Industrialist. In German Reichstag,
15, 1827; d. March 6, 1890. Industrialist. In German Reichstag,
1867-81; in 1870 also in Prussian House of Representatives; Minister
1867-81; in 1870 also in Prussian House of Representatives; Minister
Line 990: Line 933:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''GALATINUS (PIERRE GALATIN or GALATINO)'''. French theologian and
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Galatinus (Pierre Galatin}} or {{Style S-Small capitals|Galatino)}}'''. French theologian and
scholar of the late 15th and early 16th century, b. in small town
scholar of the late 15th and early 16th century, b. in small town
of Pouille (whence his name) of poor and obscure parents. Joined
of Pouille (whence his name) of poor and obscure parents. Joined
Line 998: Line 941:
“definiteur” of the Province of Bari. Called to Rome by Leon X,
“definiteur” of the Province of Bari. Called to Rome by Leon X,
and appointed his “penitencier.” Was still at Rome as late as 1539.
and appointed his “penitencier.” Was still at Rome as late as 1539.
His only work is: Opus de arcanis catholicae veritatis, etc., Ortona,
His only work is: ''Opus de arcanis catholicae veritatis'', etc., Ortona,
1518, fol., the 1st ed. of which is very scarce; left at Rome some
1518, fol., the 1st ed. of which is very scarce; left at Rome some
15 volumes of MSS, which are in the Vatican Library.
15 volumes of MSS, which are in the Vatican Library.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''GORCHAKOV, PRINCE ALEXANDER MIHAYLOVICH'''. Russian statesman, b.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Mihaylovich}}'''. Russian statesman, b.
July 16, 1798; d. at Baden-Baden, March 11, 1883. Educated at
July 16, 1798; d. at Baden-Baden, March 11, 1883. Educated at
the lyceum of Tsarskoye Selo. Entered foreign office under Count
the lyceum of Tsarskoye Selo. Entered foreign office under Count
Line 1,018: Line 961:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''GOUGENOT DES MOUSSEAUX, Le Chevalier HENRY-ROGER'''. French
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Gougenot des Mousseaux}}, Le Chevalier {{Style S-Small capitals|Henry-Roger}}'''. French
writer, b. at Coulomniers (Seine-et-Marnes), April 22, 1805; d.
writer, b. at Coulomniers (Seine-et-Marnes), April 22, 1805; d.
Oct. 5, 1878. Trained in diplomacy. Served at the Court of King
Oct. 5, 1878. Trained in diplomacy. Served at the Court of King
Line 1,026: Line 969:
accumulating factual data from the civilizations of the past was used
accumulating factual data from the civilizations of the past was used
to great advantage by H.P.B. in her discussions of magic. Works:
to great advantage by H.P.B. in her discussions of magic. Works:
Dieu et les Dieux, Paris: Laguy freres, 1854. 8vo. Often considered
''Dieu et les Dieux'', Paris: Laguy freres, 1854. 8vo. Often considered
as his chief work.-Moeurs et pratiques des demons. Paris, 1854;
as his chief work.-Moeurs et pratiques des demons. Paris, 1854;
2nd rev. ed., Paris, 1865.-*la Magie au xixme siecle, ses agents,
2nd rev. ed., Paris, 1865.-*''la Magie au xixme siecle, ses agents, ses verites, ses mensonges''. Paris: H. Pion, E. Dentu, 1860. 8vo; augm. ed., Paris, 1864.-''Les hauls phenomenes de la magie, precedes du spiritisme antique''. Paris: H. Pion, 1864. 8vo.-''Le juil, lejudaisme et la judaisation des peuples chretiens''. Paris: H. Pion, 1869. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Paris, 1886. Very scarce. This work produced a veritable sensation abroad and was translated into various languages.
ses verites, ses mensonges. Paris: H. Pion, E. Dentu, 1860. 8vo;
augm. ed., Paris, 1864.-Les hauls phenomenes de la magie,
precedes du spiritisme antique. Paris: H. Pion, 1864. 8vo.-Le
juil, lejudaisme et la judaisation des peuples chretiens. Paris: H.
Pion, 1869. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Paris, 1886. Very scarce. This work produced a veritable sensation abroad and was translated into various languages.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


Line 1,045: Line 983:


This drawing was made by Mr. Knapp of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was
This drawing was made by Mr. Knapp of Cincinnati, Ohio, and was
published in The Pa.th, Vol. VIII, November, 1893, with this description:
published in ''The Path'', Vol. VIII, November, 1893, with this description:
“The illustration shows the narrow front porch of the house
“The illustration shows the narrow front porch of the house
facing Eighth avenue… The entrance to the apartments is down
facing Eighth avenue… The entrance to the apartments is down
Line 1,055: Line 993:


This flat became known as the “Lamasery”; it is here that much
This flat became known as the “Lamasery”; it is here that much
of I sis Unveiled was written, and where it was finished.
of ''Isis Unveiled'' was written, and where it was finished.


{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}
Line 1,061: Line 999:
<center>'''WILLIAM QUAN JUDGE'''</center>
<center>'''WILLIAM QUAN JUDGE'''</center>
<center>'''1851-1896'''</center>
<center>'''1851-1896'''</center>
<center>(Consult the Bio-Bibliographical Index for a comprehensive biographical outline.)</center>
<center>(Consult the ''Bio-Bibliographical Index'' for a comprehensive biographical outline.)</center>
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


{{Page aside|465}}
{{Page aside|465}}
'''GUIDO OF AREZZO'''. Italian musician who lived in the 11th century,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Guido of Arezzo}}'''. Italian musician who lived in the 11th century,
also known as Guido Aretinus, Fra Guittone, and Guy of Arezzo.
also known as Guido Aretinus, Fra Guittone, and Guy of Arezzo.
Has been called the father of modern music. Of his life very little
Has been called the father of modern music. Of his life very little
Line 1,079: Line 1,017:
as to the importance of his musical reforms and innovations. There
as to the importance of his musical reforms and innovations. There
is little doubt that the names of the first six notes of the scale,
is little doubt that the names of the first six notes of the scale,
ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, still in use in France and Italy, were introduced
''ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la'', still in use in France and Italy, were introduced
by him. They were derived from the first syllables of six
by him. They were derived from the first syllables of six
lines of a hymn to St. John the Baptist. One of his most important
lines of a hymn to St. John the Baptist. One of his most important
treatises is the Micrologus Guidonos de disciplina artis musicae.
treatises is the ''Micrologus Guidonos de disciplina artis musicae''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''GUILLEMAIN DE SAINT-VICTOR, LOUIS'''. *Handbook of the Women Freemasons or the True Freemasonry of Adoption.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Guillemain de Saint-Victor, Louis}}''', *''Handbook of the Women Freemasons or the True Freemasonry of Adoption''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HALLEY, EDMUND'''. English astronomer, b. in London, Oct. 29, 1656;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Halley, Edmund}}'''. English astronomer, b. in London, Oct. 29, 1656;
d. Jan. 14, 1742. Educated at Queen’s College, Oxford. Studied
d. Jan. 14, 1742. Educated at Queen’s College, Oxford. Studied
astronomy in his school days, publishing, 1676, a paper on planetary
astronomy in his school days, publishing, 1676, a paper on planetary
orbits. Went to St. Helena to make observations in the Southern
orbits. Went to St. Helena to make observations in the Southern
hemisphere. Upon returning to England, began a friendship with
hemisphere. Upon returning to England, began a friendship with
Newton, which resulted in the publication of the Principia, the expense
Newton, which resulted in the publication of the ''Principia'', the expense
being borne by Halley. Observed the comet of 1682, calculated
being borne by Halley. Observed the comet of 1682, calculated
its orbit, and predicted its return in 1757. Succeeded Flam
its orbit, and predicted its return in 1757. Succeeded Flam
stead as astronomer-royal, 1720. Made innumerable contributions to
stead as astronomer-royal, 1720. Made innumerable contributions to
the science of astronomy. Principal works: Catalogus stellarum
the science of astronomy. Principal works: ''Catalogus stellarum australium, London'', 1679.-''Synopsis astronomiae cometicae'', Oxford, 1705.-''Astronomical Tables'', London. 1752.-Translated the work of Apollonius from the Arabic which he learned with this end in view.
australium, London, 1679.-Synopsis astronomiae cometicae, Oxford,
1705.-Astronomical Tables, London. 1752.-Translated the work of
Apollonius from the Arabic which he learned with this end in view.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HAMMOND, WILLIAM ALEXANDER H'''. American physician, b. at Annapolis, Aug. 28, 1828; d. at Washington, Jan. 5, 1900. Son of a physician; studied at Harrisburg and graduated in medicine at New York Univ., 1848; Practiced at Philadelphia Hospital; then was Ass. Surgeon of the Army; 1859, Prof. of physiology and anatomy at Baltimore Univ.; 1860 went back to the Army, serving in Gen. Patterson’s Hdqrts.; 1862, became Brig.-General and Surgeon-Gen. of the Army. Founded the Army Medical Museum. {{Page aside|466}}Resigned in 1864, went to New York and became Prof. of Psychiatry and nervous diseases at College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1874, held chair in these subjects at the Medical Faculty in New York. Chief works: The Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.-On Sleep and Its Derangements, Philadelphia, 1869.Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism, Philad., 1870.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hammond, William Alexander H}}'''. American physician, b. at Annapolis, Aug. 28, 1828; d. at Washington, Jan. 5, 1900. Son of a physician; studied at Harrisburg and graduated in medicine at New York Univ., 1848; Practiced at Philadelphia Hospital; then was Ass. Surgeon of the Army; 1859, Prof. of physiology and anatomy at Baltimore Univ.; 1860 went back to the Army, serving in Gen. Patterson’s Hdqrts.; 1862, became Brig.-General and Surgeon-Gen. of the Army. Founded the Army Medical Museum. {{Page aside|466}}Resigned in 1864, went to New York and became Prof. of Psychiatry and nervous diseases at College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1874, held chair in these subjects at the Medical Faculty in New York. Chief works: ''The Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.-On Sleep and Its Derangements'', Philadelphia, 1869.–''Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism'', Philad., 1870.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HARDINGE-BRITTEN, MRS. EMMA (?-1899)'''. An English woman who
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hardinge-Britten, Mrs. Emma (?-1899)}}'''. An English woman who
in her youth had gone to New York with a theatrical company,
in her youth had gone to New York with a theatrical company,
and had remained there with her mother. Being strictly Evangelical,
and had remained there with her mother. Being strictly Evangelical,
she was strongly repelled by what she considered the unorthodox
she was strongly repelled by what she considered the unorthodox
views of the Spiritualists, and fled in horror from her first seance.
views of the Spiritualists, and fled in horror from her first ''seance''.
In 1856, she was again brought into contact with the subject, and
In 1856, she was again brought into contact with the subject, and
received proof which made it impossible for her to doubt any
received proof which made it impossible for her to doubt any
Line 1,116: Line 1,051:
One of the best attested cases in the early history of Spiritualism
One of the best attested cases in the early history of Spiritualism
was that in -which she received intimation that the mail steamer
was that in -which she received intimation that the mail steamer
Pacific had gone down in mid-Atlantic with all aboard; she was
''Pacific'' had gone down in mid-Atlantic with all aboard; she was
threatened with prosecution by the owners of the ship for repeating
threatened with prosecution by the owners of the ship for repeating
what had been told her by an alleged returned spirit of one of
what had been told her by an alleged returned spirit of one of
Line 1,123: Line 1,058:
a prominent orator, writer and traveller in the cause of Spiritualism.
a prominent orator, writer and traveller in the cause of Spiritualism.
She returned to England in 1866, where she wrote her work:
She returned to England in 1866, where she wrote her work:
Modern American Spiritualism (New York, 1870). Mrs. Emma
''Modern American Spiritualism'' (New York, 1870). Mrs. Emma
Hardinge married a second time in 1870 and became Mrs. Britten.
Hardinge married a second time in 1870 and became Mrs. Britten.
Dr. W. Britten was also a Spiritualist. For many years, Mrs.
Dr. W. Britten was also a Spiritualist. For many years, Mrs.
Line 1,132: Line 1,067:
that movement. In 1878, she and her husband went together to New
that movement. In 1878, she and her husband went together to New
Zealand as missionaries of the cause, and stayed there several
Zealand as missionaries of the cause, and stayed there several
years. During this period, Mrs. Britten wrote her Faiths, Facts and
years. During this period, Mrs. Britten wrote her ''Faiths, Facts and
Frauds of Religious History.
Frauds of Religious History''.


One of the most important contributions of Mrs. Britten to
One of the most important contributions of Mrs. Britten to
the history of modern Spiritualism is her large work entitled
the history of modern Spiritualism is her large work entitled
Nineteenth Century Miracles (Manchester, 1883) which is copiously
''Nineteenth Century Miracles'' (Manchester, 1883) which is copiously
documented and illustrated with rare portraits. It is in this work
documented and illustrated with rare portraits. It is in this work
(pp. 296 and 441) that occurs an account of the formation of The
(pp. 296 and 441) that occurs an account of the formation of The
Line 1,143: Line 1,078:
the very first.
the very first.


In 1876, while still working in America, Mrs. Britten published {{Page aside|467}}in New York a work called *Art Magic; or, Mundane, Sub-Mundane
In 1876, while still working in America, Mrs. Britten published {{Page aside|467}}in New York a work called *''Art Magic; or, Mundane, Sub-Mundane and Super-Mundane Spiritism''. She affirmed that this
and Super-Mundane Spiritism. She affirmed that this
work had been written by an Adept of her acquaintance whom she
work had been written by an Adept of her acquaintance whom she
had first met in Europe, and for whom she was but acting as
had first met in Europe, and for whom she was but acting as
Line 1,150: Line 1,084:
Louis. This work, whatever may have been its actual origin, deals
Louis. This work, whatever may have been its actual origin, deals
with some of the subjects outlined later at far greater length
with some of the subjects outlined later at far greater length
in Isis Unveiled, but contains also a great many errors and curious
in ''Isis Unveiled'', but contains also a great many errors and curious
misstatements. We refer the student to the fascinating and important
misstatements. We refer the student to the fascinating and important
chapter XII of Col. H. S. Olcott's Old Diary Leaves, Vol. I, wherein
chapter XII of Col. H. S. Olcott's ''Old Diary Leaves'', Vol. I, wherein
the author gives the full background concerning this strange work.
the author gives the full background concerning this strange work.
This account is well worth a careful perusal.
This account is well worth a careful perusal.


Mrs. Britten published also Ghost Land; or Researches into the
Mrs. Britten published also ''Ghost Land; or Researches into the
Mysteries of Occultism (Boston, 1876) and founded the magazine
Mysteries of Occultism'' (Boston, 1876) and founded the magazine
The Two Worlds at Manchester, England. She left an indelible
''The Two Worlds'' at Manchester, England. She left an indelible
mark upon modern Spiritualism.
mark upon modern Spiritualism.


Line 1,164: Line 1,098:
she had some contact with its leaders until 1890. Her reputation
she had some contact with its leaders until 1890. Her reputation
was somewhat clouded, however, when she joined Prof. Coues
was somewhat clouded, however, when she joined Prof. Coues
and others in spreading the calumny that Isis Unveiled had been
and others in spreading the calumny that ''Isis Unveiled'' had been
written by Baron de Palm. Unfortunate and needless as such circumstances
written by Baron de Palm. Unfortunate and needless as such circumstances
are, and however much they may be regretted, they
are, and however much they may be regretted, they
Line 1,175: Line 1,109:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HARE, ROBERT'''. American chemist, b. at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hare, Robert}}'''. American chemist, b. at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781;
d. May 15, 1858. His father, also Robert, served in the Pennsylvania
d. May 15, 1858. His father, also Robert, served in the Pennsylvania
legislature and was trustee of Pennsylvania University. Robert was
legislature and was trustee of Pennsylvania University. Robert was
Line 1,188: Line 1,122:
the calorimeter and the deflagrator for generating a high electric
the calorimeter and the deflagrator for generating a high electric
current; we owe to him also the use of the mercury cathode in
current; we owe to him also the use of the mercury cathode in
electrolysis, and new methods for the analysis and synthesis of gases. {{Page aside|468}}Hare was a vigorous contributor to the American. Journal, of Science.
electrolysis, and new methods for the analysis and synthesis of gases. {{Page aside|468}}Hare was a vigorous contributor to the ''American Journal, of Science''. On his retirement in 1847, he gave his collection of apparatus to
On his retirement in 1847, he gave his collection of apparatus to
the Smithsonian Institution and was elected honorary member of
the Smithsonian Institution and was elected honorary member of
that body. Apart from his various scientific papers and pamphlets,
that body. Apart from his various scientific papers and pamphlets,
he published under the pen-name of “Eldred Grayson” a novel,
he published under the pen-name of “Eldred Grayson” a novel,
Standish the Puritan. (1850). Hare was one of the first eminent
''Standish the Puritan''. (1850). Hare was one of the first eminent
men of science who, setting out to expose the delusions of Spiritualism,
men of science who, setting out to expose the delusions of Spiritualism,
became firm believers instead. This happened in 1853. Being
became firm believers instead. This happened in 1853. Being
a strong sceptic himself, he experimented for himself, and like
a strong sceptic himself, he experimented for himself, and like
William Crookes at a later date, devised apparatus to use with
William Crookes at a later date, devised apparatus to use with
the mediums. He embodied his research in his work, Experimental
the mediums. He embodied his research in his work, ''Experimental Investigation of the Spirit Manifestations'', etc. (New York: Partridge
Investigation of the Spirit Manifestations, etc. (New York: Partridge
& Brittan, 1855, 460 pp., 2 portraits). This report led to a
& Brittan, 1855, 460 pp., 2 portraits). This report led to a
disgraceful persecution of one who was, with the exception of
disgraceful persecution of one who was, with the exception of
Line 1,210: Line 1,142:
research was unworthy of their attention.
research was unworthy of their attention.


Sources: E. F. Smith, The Life of Robert Hare (1917), and
Sources: E. F. Smith, ''The Life of Robert Hare'' (1917), and
Chemistry in America (1910); Henry Simpson, The Lives of
''Chemistry in America'' (1910); Henry Simpson, ''The Lives of
Eminent Philadelphians (1859).
Eminent Philadelphians'' (1859).
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HAUG, DR. CARL FRIEDRICH'''. *Die Allgemeine Geschichte, Stuttgart, 1841.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Haug, Dr. Carl Friedrich}}'''. *''Die Allgemeine Geschichte, Stuttgart'', 1841.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HAUG, MARTIN'''. German Orientalist, b. at Ostdorf, Wurttemberg; d.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Haug, Martin}}'''. German Orientalist, b. at Ostdorf, Wurttemberg; d.
at Munich, June 3, 1876. Studied Oriental languages, especially
at Munich, June 3, 1876. Studied Oriental languages, especially
Sanskrit, at Tubingen and Gottingen, and in 1854 settled as privatdozent
Sanskrit, at Tubingen and Gottingen, and in 1854 settled as ''privatdozent''
at Bonn. Removed to Heidelberg, 1856, where he assisted
at Bonn. Removed to Heidelberg, 1856, where he assisted
Bunsen in his literary work. Went out to India in 1859, where he
Bunsen in his literary work. Went out to India in 1859, where he
became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit
became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit
at Poona. The result of his researches into Zend literature was a
at Poona. The result of his researches into Zend literature was a
volume of Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion
volume of ''Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion of the Parsees'', Bombay, 1862. Having returned to Stuttgart in 1866, he was called to Munich as professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology in 1868. Haug also edited, translated and explained *''The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda'', Bombay, 1863, 2 vols.
of the Parsees, Bombay, 1862. Having returned to Stuttgart in
1866, he was called to Munich as professor of Sanskrit and comparative
philology in 1868. Haug also edited, translated and explained *The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda, Bombay, 1863, 2 vols.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HIGGINS, GODFREY (1773-1833)'''. *Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Higgins, Godfrey (1773-1833)}}'''. *''Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis'', etc. 2 vols. London: Longman, etc., 1836. Very scarce.
Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, etc. 2 vols. London: Longman, etc., 1836. Very scarce.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


{{Page aside|469}}
{{Page aside|469}}
'''HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS'''. Scottish Spiritualistic medium, b. near Edinburgh,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Home, Daniel Dunglas}}'''. Scottish Spiritualistic medium, b. near Edinburgh,
March 20, 1833. When nine years old, was taken by aunt
March 20, 1833. When nine years old, was taken by aunt
to the USA. Became converted to Spiritualism in 1850, and for
to the USA. Became converted to Spiritualism in 1850, and for
the next five years gave seances in New York and elsewhere; sent
the next five years gave ''seances'' in New York and elsewhere; sent
to Europe, 1855, by friends who provided the means for it; his
to Europe, 1855, by friends who provided the means for it; his
seances in Europe aroused very considerable interest and were
''seances'' in Europe aroused very considerable interest and were
attended by a great many notables. Home subsisted until 1858 on
attended by a great many notables. Home subsisted until 1858 on
the bounty of his friends. In August, 1858, he married Alexandrine
the bounty of his friends. In August, 1858, he married Alexandrine
Line 1,256: Line 1,184:
of manifestation, and was never detected in any fraud. His phenomena
of manifestation, and was never detected in any fraud. His phenomena
are the best attested in the history of Spiritualism. His
are the best attested in the history of Spiritualism. His
two works are: *Incidents in My Life. Series 1, 2. London: Longman,
two works are: *''Incidents in My Life''. Series 1, 2. London: Longman,
Green, 1863-72. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Ser. 1. London, 1864. 8vo.;
Green, 1863-72. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Ser. 1. London, 1864. 8vo.;
5th ed., with Introd. by Judge Edmonds. Ser. 1. New York, 1864.
5th ed., with Introd. by Judge Edmonds. Ser. 1. New York, 1864.
8vo.-Light and Shadows of Spiritualism. London, and New York:
8vo.-''Light and Shadows of Spiritualism''. London, and New York:
G. W. Carleton & Co., 1877. 483 pp. (pp. 301-28 concern H. S.
G. W. Carleton & Co., 1877. 483 pp. (pp. 301-28 concern H. S.
Olcott); 2nd ed. London, 1878.
Olcott); 2nd ed. London, 1878.


In spite of some statements to the contrary, H.P.B. did not
In spite of some statements to the contrary, H.P.B. did not
know Home personally and never met him. Cf. Collected Writings,
know Home personally and never met him. Cf. ''Collected Writings'',
Vol. VI, pp. 73 and 289-90; also The Mahatma Letters to H. P.
Vol. VI, pp. 73 and 289-90; also ''The Mahatma Letters to H. P.
Sinnett, p. 37, where it says that “...Home-the medium...
Sinnett'', p. 37, where it says that “...Home-the medium...
He is the bitterest and most cruel enemy O. and Mad. B. have,
He is the bitterest and most cruel enemy O. and Mad. B. have,
though he has never met either of them...”
though he has never met either of them...”


For further information about Home, consult the following works:
For further information about Home, consult the following works:
Madame D. Home. D. D. Home. His Life and Mission. London :
Madame D. Home. ''D. D. Home. His Life and Mission''. London :
Trubner & Co., 1888. 8vo. viii, 428. Also Dutton & Co., l 921.The
Trubner & Co., 1888. 8vo. viii, 428. Also Dutton & Co., l 921.–''The Gift of D. D. Home'', by the same author. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1890. 8 vo. viii, 388.-Horace Wyndham, ''Mr. Sludge, The Medium''. London, 1937. xii, 307.-Jean Burton, ''Heyday of a Wizard''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944.
Gift of D. D. Home, by the same author. London: Kegan
Paul & Co., 1890. 8 vo. viii, 388.-Horace Wyndham, Mr. Sludge,
The Medium. London, 1937. xii, 307.-Jean Burton, Heyday of a
Wizard. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HOOKE, ROBERT'''. English experimental physicist, b. at Freshwater,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hooke, Robert}}'''. English experimental physicist, b. at Freshwater,
Isle of Wight, July 18, 1635; d. in London, Mch. 3, 1703. After
Isle of Wight, July 18, 1635; d. in London, Mch. 3, 1703. After
1655, was employed and patronized by the Hon. Robert Boyle. {{Page aside|470}}Appointed, 1662, curator of experiments to the Royal Society, of
1655, was employed and patronized by the Hon. Robert Boyle. {{Page aside|470}}Appointed, 1662, curator of experiments to the Royal Society, of
Line 1,285: Line 1,209:
of geometry in Gresham college. Secretary to the Royal Society,
of geometry in Gresham college. Secretary to the Royal Society,
1677-83, and published in 1681-82 the papers read before that body
1677-83, and published in 1681-82 the papers read before that body
under the title of Philosophical Collections. His optical investigations led him to adopt the undulatory theory of light; he was the
under the title of ''Philosophical Collections''. His optical investigations led him to adopt the undulatory theory of light; he was the
first to state clearly that the motions of the heavenly bodies must
first to state clearly that the motions of the heavenly bodies must
be regarded as a mechanical problem; and he approached the discovery
be regarded as a mechanical problem; and he approached the discovery
Line 1,293: Line 1,217:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HORROCKS, JEREMIAH'''. English astronomer, b. in 1619 at Toxteth Park,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Horrocks, Jeremiah}}'''. English astronomer, b. in 1619 at Toxteth Park,
near Liverpool. Student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1832-35;
near Liverpool. Student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1832-35;
then tutor at Toxteth, studying astronomy in his spare time. He
then tutor at Toxteth, studying astronomy in his spare time. He
Line 1,306: Line 1,230:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HURRYCHUND CHINTAMON'''. *Commentary on the Bhagavad-Gita.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hurrychund Chintamon}}'''. *''Commentary on the Bhagavad-Gita''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''HYSLOP, JAMES HENRY'''. American educator, b. at Xenis, O., August
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hyslop, James Henri}}'''. American educator, b. at Xenis, O., August 18, 1854, d. June 17, 1920. Son of Robert Hyslop; graduated at the Univ. of Wooster, O., 1877; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1887; married, Oct. 1, 1891, Mary Fry Hall, Philadelphia, Penn.; taught in the University of Lake Forest, Ill.; Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; Bucknell Univ., Lewisburgh, Penna.; and Columbia Univ., where he was Prof. of Logic and Ethics. Works: ''Elements of Logic'', 1892.-''Ethics of Hume'', 1893.-''Elements of Ethics'', 1895.-''Syllabus of Psychology'', 1899.-Articles and Reviews in various magazines and the ''Proceedings'' of the Society for Psychical Research, and later, as his interest in psychic research developed: ''Science and a Future Life'', 1905.-''Enigmas of Psychic Research'',  
18, 1854, d. June 17, 1920. Son of Robert Hyslop; graduated at
1906.-''Psychic Research and the Resurrection'', 1908.-''Psychic Research and Survival'', 1913.-''Life after Death'', 1918.-''Contact with the Other World'', 1919.
the Univ. of Wooster, O., 1877; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1887;
married, Oct. 1, 1891, Mary Fry Hall, Philadelphia, Penn.; taught
in the University of Lake Forest, Ill.; Smith College, Northampton,
Mass.; Bucknell Univ., Lewisburgh, Penna.; and Columbia Univ.,
where he was Prof. of Logic and Ethics. Works: Elements of Logic,
1892.-Ethics of Hume, 1893.-Elements of Ethics, 1895.-Syllabus
of Psychology, 1899.-Articles and Reviews in various magazines
and the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, and later,
as his interest in psychic research developed: Science and a Future
Life, 1905.-Enigmas of Psychic Research, 1906.-Psychic Research
and the Resurrection, 1908.-Psychic Research and Survival,
1913.-Life after Death, 1918.-Contact with the Other World, 1919.


Hyslop was present at the meetings of September 8 and October
Hyslop was present at the meetings of September 8 and October
Line 1,330: Line 1,242:


{{Page aside|471}}
{{Page aside|471}}
'''INMAN, THOS'''., *Ancient and Pagan Christian Symbolism, etc. London, 1869; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1871.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Inman, Thos}}'''., *''Ancient and Pagan Christian Symbolism'', etc. London, 1869; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1871.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''IVINS, WILLIAM MILLS'''. Distinguished American lawyer, b. at Upper
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Ivins, William Mills}}'''. Distinguished American lawyer, b. at Upper
Freehold, N. J., April 22, 1851; d. in New York, July 23, 1915.
Freehold, N. J., April 22, 1851; d. in New York, July 23, 1915.
Son of Augustus and Sarah (Mills) Ivins. Graduated in 1869 from
Son of Augustus and Sarah (Mills) Ivins. Graduated in 1869 from
Line 1,340: Line 1,252:
her of the Brooklyn firm of Bergen & Ivins and during that period
her of the Brooklyn firm of Bergen & Ivins and during that period
represented H.P.B. in her lawsuit against Clementine Gerebko.
represented H.P.B. in her lawsuit against Clementine Gerebko.
(Vide pp. 83-84 of the present volume.)
(''Vide'' pp. 83-84 of the present volume.)


During 1885-88, Ivins was judge advocate general of New York
During 1885-88, Ivins was judge advocate general of New York
Line 1,356: Line 1,268:
given to Columbia University after his death, and wrote several
given to Columbia University after his death, and wrote several
works on legal matters. He was married to Emma Laura Yard; they
works on legal matters. He was married to Emma Laura Yard; they
had five children. (Vide pp. 95-100 of the present volume for further
had five children. (''Vide'' pp. 95-100 of the present volume for further
information on Ivins and the “Hiraf” Club.)
information on Ivins and the “Hiraf” Club.)
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''JACOLLIOT, Louis (1837-1890)'''. *La Bible dans l’Inde. Vie de Jezeus
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jacolliot, Louis (1837-1890)}}'''. *''La Bible dans l’Inde''. Vie de Jezeus
Christna. Paris, 1869. 8vo. Translated as The Bible in India.
Christna. Paris, 1869. 8vo. Translated as ''The Bible in India''.
Hindoo origin of Hebrew and Christian Revelation. London, 1870.
Hindoo origin of Hebrew and Christian Revelation. London, 1870.
8vo.
8vo.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''JENNINGS, HARGRAVE (1817?-1890)'''. *The Rosicrucians, their Rites and
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jennings, Hargrave (1817?-1890)}}'''. *''The Rosicrucians, their Rites and Mysteries''. London, 1870. 8vo.; 2nd ed., rev., corr. and enl., London,
Mysteries. London, 1870. 8vo.; 2nd ed., rev., corr. and enl., London,
1879; 3rd ed., newly rev., 1887.
1879; 3rd ed., newly rev., 1887.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''JINARAJADASA, C. (1875-1953)'''. *Letters from the Masters of the
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jinarajadasa, C. (1875-1953)}}''', *''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom''. 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First
Wisdom. 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First
Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical
Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical
Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd
Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd
ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and addit. Letters (covering period
ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and addit. Letters (covering period
1870-1900), 1948.-*Second Series. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, {{Page aside|472}}1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.-*Did
1870-1900), 1948.-*Second Series. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, {{Page aside|472}}1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.-*''Did Madame Blavatsky Forge the Mahatma Letters?'' Adyar: Theos.
Madame Blavatsky Forge the Mahatma Letters? Adyar: Theos.
Publ. House, 1934. 52 pp. with 30 ill.
Publ. House, 1934. 52 pp. with 30 ill.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''JUDGE, WILLIAM QUAN'''. One of the chief Founders of The Theosophical
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Judge, William Quan}}'''. One of the chief Founders of The Theosophical
Society. The life of Mr. Judge is so indissolubly involved in the
Society. The life of Mr. Judge is so indissolubly involved in the
history and development of The Theosophical Society, that to
history and development of The Theosophical Society, that to
Line 1,434: Line 1,343:
he was then serving in the Law office of E. Delafield Smith, U.S.
he was then serving in the Law office of E. Delafield Smith, U.S.
Attorney for the Southern District of New York. After reading
Attorney for the Southern District of New York. After reading
Col. Olcott’s articles in the New York Daily Graphic (published
Col. Olcott’s articles in the New York ''Daily Graphic'' (published
in March, 1875, as a work entitled People from the Other World)
in March, 1875, as a work entitled ''People from the Other World'')
outlining his experiences at the Eddy Homestead at Chittenden, Vt.,
outlining his experiences at the Eddy Homestead at Chittenden, Vt.,
where some weird Spiritualistic seances were being held, he wrote
where some weird Spiritualistic seances were being held, he wrote
Line 1,448: Line 1,357:
Olcott wrote on a scrap of paper: “Would it not be a good thing
Olcott wrote on a scrap of paper: “Would it not be a good thing
to form a Society for this kind of study?”-and gave it to Judge.
to form a Society for this kind of study?”-and gave it to Judge.
H.P.B. read the note and nodded assent. (H. S. Olcott, Old Diary
H.P.B. read the note and nodded assent. (H. S. Olcott, ''Old Diary
Leaves, I, 118).
Leaves'', I, 118).


A new life now commenced for the young lawyer, and his association with H.P.B. and Col. Olcott brought him his greatest
A new life now commenced for the young lawyer, and his association with H.P.B. and Col. Olcott brought him his greatest
Line 1,460: Line 1,369:


We do not have any information as to whether W. Q. Judge
We do not have any information as to whether W. Q. Judge
participated at all in the preparation of Isis Unveiled, the writing
participated at all in the preparation of ''Isis Unveiled'', the writing
of which at the time demanded much of H.P.B.’s energy. His
of which at the time demanded much of H.P.B.’s energy. His
younger brother, however, John H. Judge, rendered valuable serv·
younger brother, however, John H. Judge, rendered valuable serv·
Line 1,471: Line 1,380:
task. John H. Judge visited the Point Loma Theosophical Headquarters
task. John H. Judge visited the Point Loma Theosophical Headquarters
in California on August 25, 1914, and related these facts
in California on August 25, 1914, and related these facts
to the body of students gathered to receive him.<ref>Cf. Raja-Yoga Messenger, Point Loma, Calif., Vol. X, No. 10, October, 1914, pp. 16-17.</ref>
to the body of students gathered to receive him.<ref>''Cf. Raja-Yoga Messenger'', Point Loma, Calif., Vol. X, No. 10, October, 1914, pp. 16-17.</ref>


Strangely enough, a short time before the actual publication of
Strangely enough, a short time before the actual publication of
Line 1,483: Line 1,392:
in either of the Minute Books or in ‘Old Diary Leaves’... When
in either of the Minute Books or in ‘Old Diary Leaves’... When
between us three were re-established, and continued down to the
between us three were re-established, and continued down to the
death of H.P.B.”<ref> Historical Retrospect, etc., p. 19.</ref>
death of H.P.B.”<ref>''Historical Retrospect'', etc., p. 19.</ref>


W. Q. Judge’s position as one of the three chief Founders of the
W. Q. Judge’s position as one of the three chief Founders of the
Line 1,489: Line 1,398:
critics-is amply substantiated by both Col. Olcott and H.P.B. In
critics-is amply substantiated by both Col. Olcott and H.P.B. In
the light of their emphatic statements to this effect, there can
the light of their emphatic statements to this effect, there can
be no doubt on the subject.<ref> Consult the following sources: Letter from H.P.B. to Judge,
be no doubt on the subject.<ref>Consult the following sources: Letter from H.P.B. to Judge,
Ostende, July 27, 1886; also one dated August 22, 1886; H.P.B.’s
Ostende, July 27, 1886; also one dated August 22, 1886; H.P.B.’s
Letter to the Second Convention of the American Section, T.S., April,
Letter to the Second Convention of the American Section, T.S., April,
1888; Report on above Convention, The Theosophist, IX, July, 1888,
1888; Report on above Convention, ''The Theosophist'', IX, July, 1888,
pp. 620-621; H.P.B.’s Letter to Richard Harte, dated London, Sept.
pp. 620-621; H.P.B.’s Letter to Richard Harte, dated London, Sept.
12, 1889; H.P.B.’s “Preliminary Explanation” to E. S. Instruction
12, 1889; H.P.B.’s “Preliminary Explanation” to ''E. S. Instruction No. III'', quoting Master’s own words; Richard Harte in ''The Theosophist'', XI, Suppl., to December, 1889, p. xlii; Statement published in
No. III, quoting Master’s own words; Richard Harte in The Theosophist,
''Lucifer'', VIII, June, 1891, pp. 319-20; The Theosophist, XII, July,
XI, Suppl., to December, 1889, p. xlii; Statement published in
1891, p. 634; Col. Olcott in ''The Theosophist'', XII, Sept., 1891,
Lucifer, VIII, June, 1891, pp. 319-20; The Theosophist, XII, July,
p. 707; Col. Olcott’s words in ''The Path'', VI, Nov., 1891, p. 260;
1891, p. 634; Col. Olcott in The Theosophist, XII, Sept., 1891,
Allan Griffiths in ''Lucifer'', IX, Nov., 1891, p. 259; Annie Besant in
p. 707; Col. Olcott’s words in The Path, VI, Nov., 1891, p. 260;
Allan Griffiths in Lucifer, IX, Nov., 1891, p. 259; Annie Besant in
her Circular Letter to the Blavatsky Lodge, March 11, 1892. All
her Circular Letter to the Blavatsky Lodge, March 11, 1892. All
the above-mentioned passages are quoted in Theosophia, Los Angeles,
the above-mentioned passages are quoted in ''Theosophia'', Los Angeles,
Calif., Vol. XVII, Spring, 1961.</ref>
Calif., Vol. XVII, Spring, 1961.</ref>


Line 1,515: Line 1,422:
of the Founders to India, Judge was left very much alone both
of the Founders to India, Judge was left very much alone both
by H.P.B. and the Masters. The golden days when Judge could
by H.P.B. and the Masters. The golden days when Judge could
visit the Lamasery, as H.P.B.’s apartment in New York was
visit the ''Lamasery'', as H.P.B.’s apartment in New York was
called, seemed gone for ever. Judge wrote rather despairingly to
called, seemed gone for ever. Judge wrote rather despairingly to
Olcott, complaining that he was being left out in the cold. This
Olcott, complaining that he was being left out in the cold. This
Line 1,525: Line 1,432:
made Judge his fervent admirer and life-long friend. In the series
made Judge his fervent admirer and life-long friend. In the series
entitled “A Hindu Chela's Diary,” Judge paraphrases Damodar’s
entitled “A Hindu Chela's Diary,” Judge paraphrases Damodar’s
mystical experiences, as described in his letters to him. <ref>Consult Sven Eek, Damodar and the Pioneers of The Theosophical Movement, Adyar, 1965, pp. 78-100.</ref>
mystical experiences, as described in his letters to him. <ref>Consult Sven Eek, ''Damodar and the Pioneers of The Theosophical Movement'', Adyar, 1965, pp. 78-100.</ref>


In a letter to Damodar dated June 11, 1883, Judge writes:
In a letter to Damodar dated June 11, 1883, Judge writes:
Line 1,532: Line 1,439:
turning-point in Judge’s career, that he undertook his long wished
turning-point in Judge’s career, that he undertook his long wished
for journey to India. He went via Paris where he arrived March
for journey to India. He went via Paris where he arrived March
25, 1884. <ref>The Word, XV, April, 1912, pp. 17-18.</ref> When H.P.B., Col. Olcott and party arrived in Paris,
25, 1884. <ref>''The Word'', XV, April, 1912, pp. 17-18.</ref> When H.P.B., Col. Olcott and party arrived in Paris,
March 28th, Judge was on hand to meet them.<ref>Olcott, Old Diary Leaves, III, 86.</ref> According to
March 28th, Judge was on hand to meet them.<ref>Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves'', III, 86.</ref> According to
some of his published letters,<ref>The Word, ibid.</ref> Judge was ordered by the Masters
some of his published letters,<ref>''The Word, ibid''.</ref> Judge was ordered by the Masters
to stay there and help H.P.B. in writing The Secret Doctrine, which
to stay there and help H.P.B. in writing ''The Secret Doctrine'', which
at that time was still envisioned as a new version of Isis Unveiled-a plan abandoned later. Judge worked for and with H.P.B.,
at that time was still envisioned as a new version of ''Isis Unveiled''–a plan abandoned later. Judge worked for and with H.P.B.,
both in Paris and at Enghien, where they stayed for a while in
both in Paris and at Enghien, where they stayed for a while in
May as guests of Count and Countess Gaston d’Adhemar. He also {{Page aside|476}}was in London for a few days during H.P.B:s hurried trip there
May as guests of Count and Countess Gaston d’Adhemar. He also {{Page aside|476}}was in London for a few days during H.P.B:s hurried trip there
Line 1,546: Line 1,453:
of a mystery, which we may never be able to unravel for lack of adequate documentation.
of a mystery, which we may never be able to unravel for lack of adequate documentation.


It was during Judge’s stay at Adyar that the Christian College
It was during Judge’s stay at Adyar that the ''Christian College Magazine'' of Madras published the article “The Collapse of Koot
Magazine of Madras published the article “The Collapse of Koot
Hoomi,” with fifteen forged letters purporting to have been written
Hoomi,” with fifteen forged letters purporting to have been written
by H.P.B. That period was one of grave anxiety and serious
by H.P.B. That period was one of grave anxiety and serious
Line 1,553: Line 1,459:
charged. We do not know exactly when Judge left Adyar on his
charged. We do not know exactly when Judge left Adyar on his
return trip to New York, but he does state himself that he was
return trip to New York, but he does state himself that he was
in London in November, 1884, on his way home via England.<ref>Judge’s pamphlet entitled Light on the Path and Mabel Collins.</ref> It was on November 1st, 1884, that H.P.B. and party left London
in London in November, 1884, on his way home via England.<ref>Judge’s pamphlet entitled ''Light on the Path and Mabel Collins''.</ref> It was on November 1st, 1884, that H.P.B. and party left London
and boarded the steamer at Liverpool, on their way to India
and boarded the steamer at Liverpool, on their way to India
via Alexandria and Port Said. Olcott, on the other hand, sailed
via Alexandria and Port Said. Olcott, on the other hand, sailed
from Marseilles for Bombay on October 20, arriving at his destination
from Marseilles for Bombay on October 20, arriving at his destination
November 10th.<ref>Olcott's original Diaries.</ref> From the above it follows that Judge left Adyar at about the time when both H.P.B. and Olcott were enroute to Adyar from Europe. Considering the routes used in those
November 10th.<ref>Olcott's original ''Diaries''.</ref> From the above it follows that Judge left Adyar at about the time when both H.P.B. and Olcott were enroute to Adyar from Europe. Considering the routes used in those
days, it is most likely that their steamers met each other somewhere
days, it is most likely that their steamers met each other somewhere
in the Mediterranean, but no information has ever come to light
in the Mediterranean, but no information has ever come to light
Line 1,566: Line 1,472:


Judge sailed for the U.S.A. from Liverpool, November 15, 1884,
Judge sailed for the U.S.A. from Liverpool, November 15, 1884,
on the British steamer SS Wisconsin, and reached New York
on the British steamer ''SS Wisconsin'', and reached New York
November 26th.<ref>Lloyd’s of London records.</ref> It was on that voyage that A. E. S. Smythe,
November 26th.<ref>Lloyd’s of London records.</ref> It was on that voyage that A. E. S. Smythe,
future President of the Canadian Theos. Society, met him for the
future President of the Canadian Theos. Society, met him for the
first time.<ref>Canadian Theosophist, XX, April, 1939, p. 35.</ref>
first time.<ref>''Canadian Theosophist'', XX, April, 1939, p. 35.</ref>


The fact, however, that Judge's visits to H.P.B. and to Adyar
The fact, however, that Judge's visits to H.P.B. and to Adyar
Line 1,586: Line 1,492:
to pick up the loose threads we had left scattered there in America
to pick up the loose threads we had left scattered there in America
and carry on. The result shows what one man can do who is
and carry on. The result shows what one man can do who is
altogether devoted to his cause.”<ref>Proceeding, First Annual Convention of the T.S. in Europe, London, July, 1891, p. 49.</ref>
altogether devoted to his cause.”<ref>''Proceeding'', First Annual Convention of the T.S. in Europe, London, July, 1891, p. 49.</ref>


In reviewing the situation in America, Judge realized that a
In reviewing the situation in America, Judge realized that a
Line 1,601: Line 1,507:
fertile in good practical ideas, and to his labours almost exclusively
fertile in good practical ideas, and to his labours almost exclusively
was due the rapid and extensive growth of our movement in the
was due the rapid and extensive growth of our movement in the
United States; the others, his colleagues, but carried out his plans.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, IV, 508.</ref>
United States; the others, his colleagues, but carried out his plans.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', IV, 508.</ref>


In April, 1886, Judge started his magazine The Path which was
In April, 1886, Judge started his magazine ''The Path'' which was
to become the backbone of Theosophical publicity in the U.S.A. As
to become the backbone of Theosophical publicity in the U.S.A. As
there were few qualified writers at the time in America, Judge
there were few qualified writers at the time in America, Judge
wrote a great many articles himself. He did so under a number of
wrote a great many articles himself. He did so under a number of
pseudonyms, such as An American Mystic, Eusebio Urban, Rodriguez
pseudonyms, such as ''An American Mystic, Eusebio Urban, Rodriguez Undiano, Hadji Erinn, William Brehon'' and others. His style was
Undiano, Hadji Erinn, William Brehon and others. His style was
simple and direct, and he dealt with a variety of theosophical and
simple and direct, and he dealt with a variety of theosophical and
allied subjects. H.P.B.’s admiration of this journal was very marked,
allied subjects. H.P.B.’s admiration of this journal was very marked,
and she referred to it as “pure Buddhi.”
and she referred to it as “pure Buddhi.”


In the Summer of 1888, Judge published An Epitome of
In the Summer of 1888, Judge published ''An Epitome of Theosophy'', a gem of succinct presentation of the chief tenets of
Theosophy, a gem of succinct presentation of the chief tenets of
the Ancient Wisdom. In a much shorter form it had previously
the Ancient Wisdom. In a much shorter form it had previously
appeared as a Theosophical “Tract,” and was also published in
appeared as a Theosophical “Tract,” and was also published in
The Path (Vol. II, Jan., 1888). So wide spread was its circulation
''The Path'' (Vol. II, Jan., 1888). So wide spread was its circulation
at the time, that the Theosophical Publication Society in England {{Page aside|478}} published the expanded version which Judge wrote specifically for
at the time, that the Theosophical Publication Society in England {{Page aside|478}} published the expanded version which Judge wrote specifically for
that purpose.
that purpose.


In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
which he called The Theosophical Forum.<ref> A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
which he called ''The Theosophical Forum''.<ref>A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
The Theosophist and to Lucifer which H.P.B. started in London
''The Theosophist'' and to ''Lucifer'' which H.P.B. started in London
in the Fall of 1887.<ref> Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled Vernal Blooms and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled The Heart Doctrine and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>
in the Fall of 1887.<ref>Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled ''Vernal Blooms'' and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled ''The Heart Doctrine'' and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>


Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
in an excellent interpretation of The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali
in an excellent interpretation of ''The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali''
which was produced with the assistance of James Henderson
which was produced with the assistance of James Henderson
Connelly and published in New York in 1889.
Connelly and published in New York in 1889.


In 1890 Judge published Echoes from the Orient, a broad outline
In 1890 Judge published ''Echoes from the Orient'', a broad outline
of Theosophical tenets which originally appeared in Kate Field’s
of Theosophical tenets which originally appeared in ''Kate Field’s Washington'', under the pseudonym of “Occultus.”
Washington, under the pseudonym of “Occultus.”


In the same year appeared a rendering of the Bhagavad-Gita,
In the same year appeared a rendering of the ''Bhagavad-Gita'',
based mainly on the translation of J. Cockburn Thomson, hut
based mainly on the translation of J. Cockburn Thomson, hut
with valuable commentaries in footnotes. He also wrote further
with valuable commentaries in footnotes. He also wrote further
Notes or Commentaries in The Path, and these were published
Notes or Commentaries in ''The Path'', and these were published
later in hook form.
later in hook form.


In the latter part of 1891, appeared Judge’s Letters That Have
In the latter part of 1891, appeared Judge’s ''Letters That Have Helped Me'', a series of letters written by him to “Jasper Niemand”
Helped Me, a series of letters written by him to “Jasper Niemand”
(Mrs. Julia ver Planck, later Mrs. Archibald Keightley) which
(Mrs. Julia ver Planck, later Mrs. Archibald Keightley) which
had originally appeared in The Path. Much later, namely in 1905,
had originally appeared in ''The Path''. Much later, namely in 1905,
there was published at New York a second series of Letters compiled
there was published at New York a second series of Letters compiled
by Jasper Niemand and Thomas Green. Both series have
by Jasper Niemand and Thomas Green. Both series have
been repeatedly reprinted.
been repeatedly reprinted.


In 1893 Judge published The Ocean of Theosophy, which in {{Page aside|479}} subsequent years became one of the Theosophical classics, running
In 1893 Judge published ''The Ocean of Theosophy'', which in {{Page aside|479}} subsequent years became one of the Theosophical classics, running
through innumerable editions.
through innumerable editions.


Judge was also instrumental in publishing a large number of
Judge was also instrumental in publishing a large number of
Oriental Department Papers consisting of Sanskrit and other
''Oriental Department Papers'' consisting of Sanskrit and other
Oriental Scriptures specially translated for this Department by
Oriental Scriptures specially translated for this Department by
Prof. Manilal Dvivedi and Chas. Johnston. He also issued from
Prof. Manilal Dvivedi and Chas. Johnston. He also issued from
June, 1890, through March, 1894, the Department of Branch Work
June, 1890, through March, 1894, the ''Department of Branch Work Papers'' containing valuable suggestions for Theosophical work and study. Both of these series of Papers are now quite scarce.
Papers containing valuable suggestions for Theosophical work and
study. Both of these series of Papers are now quite scarce.


Approximately in 1894-95, Judge supplied the current edition of
Approximately in 1894-95, Judge supplied the current edition of
Funk & Wagnalls’ The Standard Dictionary with definitions of
Funk & Wagnalls’ ''The Standard Dictionary'' with definitions of
Theosophical terms, and was announced therein as a specialist on
Theosophical terms, and was announced therein as a specialist on
the subject.
the subject.


A number of articles and essays from Judge's active pen appeared
A number of articles and essays from Judge's active pen appeared
in The Irish Theosophist, The Pacific Theosophist, The New
in ''The Irish Theosophist, The Pacific Theosophist, The New Californian, The Vahan'', and the ''Proceedings'' of various Theosophical
Californian, The Vahan, and the Proceedings of various Theosophical
Congresses and of the World’s Fair Parliament of Religions in
Congresses and of the World’s Fair Parliament of Religions in
1893. His literary activity was outstanding, particularly considering
1893. His literary activity was outstanding, particularly considering
that it was limited to a period of hardly ten years
that it was limited to a period of hardly ten years
(reckoned from the founding of The Path), during which Judge
(reckoned from the founding of ''The Path''), during which Judge
was often ill.
was often ill.


In December, 1888, Judge was in Dublin, Ireland, and there is
In December, 1888, Judge was in Dublin, Ireland, and there is
evidence that he went from there to London and assisted H.P.B.
evidence that he went from there to London and assisted H.P.B.
in the formation of the Esoteric Section. <ref> The Path, III, March, 1889, p. 393.</ref> On December 14 of that
in the formation of the Esoteric Section. <ref>''The Path'', III, March, 1889, p. 393.</ref> On December 14 of that
year H.P.B. issued a special order appointing Judge as her “only
year H.P.B. issued a special order appointing Judge as her “only
representative for said Section in America” and as “the sole channel
representative for said Section in America” and as “the sole channel
Line 1,684: Line 1,583:
the members of said Section and myself [H.P.B.,]” and
the members of said Section and myself [H.P.B.,]” and
she did so “in virtue of his character as a chela of thirteen years
she did so “in virtue of his character as a chela of thirteen years
standing.” <ref> The text of this document was originally published in an undated E.S.T. Circular, issued almost immediately after May 27, 1891, the date on which a full meeting of the E.S. Council, appointed by H.P.B., was held at the Hdqrts. of the T.S. in Europe, 19 Avenue Road, London, England, following H.P.B.’s passing. The original is in the Archives of the former Point Loma Theos. Society, and a facsimile thereof may be found in Vol. X of the Collected Writings, p. 194. </ref>
standing.” <ref> The text of this document was originally published in an undated E.S.T. Circular, issued almost immediately after May 27, 1891, the date on which a full meeting of the E.S. Council, appointed by H.P.B., was held at the Hdqrts. of the T.S. in Europe, 19 Avenue Road, London, England, following H.P.B.’s passing. The original is in the Archives of the former Point Loma Theos. Society, and a facsimile thereof may be found in Vol. X of the ''Collected Writings'', p. 194. </ref>


The same year Judge was appointed by Col. Olcott as Vice- {{Page aside|480}} President of the Theosophical Society, and in 1890 was officially
The same year Judge was appointed by Col. Olcott as Vice-{{Page aside|480}}President of the Theosophical Society, and in 1890 was officially
elected to that office, the rules having been changed.
elected to that office, the rules having been changed.


Line 1,718: Line 1,617:
then the indomitable will was hard to conquer and the poor
then the indomitable will was hard to conquer and the poor
exhausted, pain-racked body was dragged through two months
exhausted, pain-racked body was dragged through two months
in one final and supreme effort to stay with his friends.”<ref> Letters that have Helped Me, Vol. II, pp. 119-20.</ref>
in one final and supreme effort to stay with his friends.”<ref>''Letters that have Helped Me'', Vol. II, pp. 119-20.</ref>


In this connection, the following passage from one of H.P.B.’s
In this connection, the following passage from one of H.P.B.’s
Line 1,724: Line 1,623:
great interest:
great interest:


“The trouble with you is that you do not know the great
“The trouble with you is ''that you do not know the great
change that came to pass in you a few years ago. Others have  
change'' that came to pass in you a few years ago. Others have  


{{Page aside|481}}
{{Page aside|481}}
Line 1,738: Line 1,637:
<center>'''DR. ALEXANDER WILDER'''</center>
<center>'''DR. ALEXANDER WILDER'''</center>
<center>'''1823-1908'''</center>
<center>'''1823-1908'''</center>
<center>(Consult the Bio-Bibliographical Index for a biographical outline.)</center>
<center>(Consult the ''Bio-Bibliographical Index'' for a biographical outline.)</center>
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


{{Style P-No indent|occasionally their astrals changed and replaced by those of Adepts
{{Style P-No indent|occasionally their ''astrals'' changed and replaced by those of Adepts
(as of Elementaries) and they influence the outer, and the
(as of Elementaries) and they influence the ''outer'', and the
higher man. With you, it is the NIRMANAKAYA not the ‘astral’ that
''higher'' man. With you, it is the {{Style S-Small capitals|nirmanakaya}} not the ‘astral’ that
blended with your astral. Hence the dual nature and fighting.”<ref>The Theosophical, Forum, Point Loma, Calif., Vol. III, August 15, 1932, p. 253.</ref>}}
blended with your astral. Hence the dual nature and fighting.”<ref>''The Theosophical, Forum'', Point Loma, Calif., Vol. III, August 15, 1932, p. 253.</ref>}}


The fact referred to in both of these excerpts is what is known
The fact referred to in both of these excerpts is what is known
as Tulku, a technical Tibetan term which describes the condition
as ''Tulku'', a technical Tibetan term which describes the condition
when a living Initiate or High Occultist sends a portion of his consciousness to take embodiment, for a longer or shorter period of
when a living Initiate or High Occultist sends a portion of his consciousness to take embodiment, for a longer or shorter period of
time, in a neophyte-messenger whom that Initiate sends into the
time, in a neophyte-messenger whom that Initiate sends into the
Line 1,756: Line 1,655:
is this teaching which provides the key to the many apparent
is this teaching which provides the key to the many apparent
contradictions in the character of Messengers and Chelas as witnessed
contradictions in the character of Messengers and Chelas as witnessed
in the history of the Movement for many years past.<ref>This subject, and cognate Tibetan doctrines associated with Tulku,
in the history of the Movement for many years past.<ref>This subject, and cognate Tibetan doctrines associated with ''Tulku'',
as well as Avesa, are treated at length in the recently published work by Geoffrey A. Barborka entitled H. P. Blavatsky, Tibet and Tulku, The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India, 1966.</ref>
as well as ''Avesa'', are treated at length in the recently published work by Geoffrey A. Barborka entitled ''H. P. Blavatsky, Tibet and Tulku'', The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India, 1966.</ref>


In a forthright letter dated from London, Oct. 23, 1889, H.P.B.
In a forthright letter dated from London, Oct. 23, 1889, H.P.B.
spoke of Judge as being “part of herself since several aeons” and
spoke of Judge as being “''part of herself since several aeons''” and
wrote to him saying:
wrote to him saying:


Line 1,767: Line 1,666:
W.Q.J. resigns, H.P.B. will be virtually dead for the Americans.
W.Q.J. resigns, H.P.B. will be virtually dead for the Americans.


“W.Q.J. is the Antaskarana between the two Manas(es) the
“W.Q.J. is the ''Antaskarana'' between the two Manas(es) the
American thought and the lndian-or rather the trans-Himalayan
American thought and the lndian–or rather the trans-Himalayan
Esoteric Knowledge.” <ref> The Theosophical, Forum, Vol. III, June, 1932, where it was published from the original in the Archives of the Point Loma T.S. Facsimile in Theosophia, Vol. VII, March-April, 1951.</ref>
Esoteric Knowledge.”<ref>''The Theosophical, Forum'', Vol. III, June, 1932, where it was published from the original in the Archives of the Point Loma T.S. Facsimile in ''Theosophia'', Vol. VII, March-April, 1951.</ref>


With H.P.B.’s death, May 8, 1891, a great cohering and vitalizing
With H.P.B.’s death, May 8, 1891, a great cohering and vitalizing
Line 1,796: Line 1,695:
leadership and direction. Olcott himself has written: “Every possible
leadership and direction. Olcott himself has written: “Every possible
thing was done to reduce my position to that of a cipher or
thing was done to reduce my position to that of a cipher or
figurehead; so I met the thing half way with my resignation.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, IV, p. 428.</ref> There is more to this story, however, than has ever appeared in print.
figurehead; so I met the thing half way with my resignation.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', IV, p. 428.</ref> There is more to this story, however, than has ever appeared in print.


When Olcott's resignation came up for discussion and action
When Olcott's resignation came up for discussion and action
Line 1,805: Line 1,704:
Quan Judge, is the most suitable person to guide the Society, and
Quan Judge, is the most suitable person to guide the Society, and
one who cannot with justice he passed over.” This was an unqualified
one who cannot with justice he passed over.” This was an unqualified
endorsement of Judge as the future President of the T.S.<ref>Full text of this Letter may he found in Sven Eek’s Damodar, etc., p. 115.</ref>
endorsement of Judge as the future President of the T.S.<ref>Full text of this Letter may he found in Sven Eek’s ''Damodar'', etc., p. 115.</ref>


At the Annual Convention of the American Section held at
At the Annual Convention of the American Section held at
Line 1,848: Line 1,747:
Judge, Vice-President, my constitutional successor and eligible
Judge, Vice-President, my constitutional successor and eligible
for duty as such upon his relinquishment of any other office
for duty as such upon his relinquishment of any other office
in the Society which he may hold at the time of my death.”<ref>The Path, Vol. VII, October, 1892, pp. 235-36.</ref>
in the Society which he may hold at the time of my death.”<ref>''The Path'', Vol. VII, October, 1892, pp. 235-36.</ref>


Judge, in a Notice to the members of his own American Section,
Judge, in a Notice to the members of his own American Section,
Line 1,903: Line 1,802:
wise. The latter magnetism will assuredly overcome the former,
wise. The latter magnetism will assuredly overcome the former,
however excellent the intentions of both persons. And I soon saw {{Page aside|485}}the mental effect of this in Mrs. Besant's entire change of view,
however excellent the intentions of both persons. And I soon saw {{Page aside|485}}the mental effect of this in Mrs. Besant's entire change of view,
in other matters besides those of H.P.B. and Mr. Judge.”<ref>The Path, X, June, 1895, pp. 99-100.</ref>
in other matters besides those of H.P.B. and Mr. Judge.”<ref>''The Path'', X, June, 1895, pp. 99-100.</ref>


It should be borne in mind here that for a number of years
It should be borne in mind here that for a number of years
Line 1,924: Line 1,823:
shown by the message which Master M. ordered H.P.B. to convey
shown by the message which Master M. ordered H.P.B. to convey
to A. P. Sinnett with regard to the Prayaga Branch-one of the
to A. P. Sinnett with regard to the Prayaga Branch-one of the
most important pronouncements from the Teachers.<ref>The Mahatma Letters, etc., Letter No. 134, dated from Dehra Dun, November 4, 1881.</ref>
most important pronouncements from the Teachers.<ref>''The Mahatma Letters'', etc., Letter No. 134, dated from Dehra Dun, November 4, 1881.</ref>


Approximately at this time in the life of Judge we see the
Approximately at this time in the life of Judge we see the
Line 1,944: Line 1,843:
and even merely sincere aspirants, wholeheartedly engaged in
and even merely sincere aspirants, wholeheartedly engaged in
Theosophical work, are tested, tried, and disciplined at every turn
Theosophical work, are tested, tried, and disciplined at every turn
by the sudden exteriorization of their pent up and delayed Karman,
by the sudden ''exteriorization'' of their pent up and delayed Karman,
an occult law stressed by H.P.B. herself. This is a process of purification
an occult law stressed by H.P.B. herself. This is a process of purification
which nothing can stop or set aside, until the disciple has
which nothing can stop or set aside, until the disciple has
Line 1,957: Line 1,856:
It would be inadvisable to give a full account of the so-called
It would be inadvisable to give a full account of the so-called
“Judge Case” within the scope of the present outline. All pertinent
“Judge Case” within the scope of the present outline. All pertinent
data on the subject may be obtained by the perusal of The
data on the subject may be obtained by the perusal of ''The Theosophist, The Path'' and ''Lucifer'' for approximately the years
Theosophist, The Path and Lucifer for approximately the years
1893-96, and the following three main sources of information issued
1893-96, and the following three main sources of information issued
at the time: The Case Against W. Q. fudge (London: Theos. Puhl.
at the time: ''The Case Against W. Q. Judge'' (London: Theos. Puhl.
Society, 1895) published by Annie Besant and prepared by her at
Society, 1895) published by Annie Besant and prepared by her at
the request of Olcott; Reply by William Q. Judge, read by Dr.
the request of Olcott; ''Reply by William Q. Judge'', read by Dr.
A. Keightley on behalf of Judge before an informal meeting of
A. Keightley on behalf of Judge before an informal meeting of
the T.S. Convention at Boston, Mass., on April 29, 1895, and
the T.S. Convention at Boston, Mass., on April 29, 1895, and
published in pamphlet form; and Isis and the Mahatmas published
published in pamphlet form; and ''Isis and the Mahatmas'' published
by Judge in London in 1895, and dealing mainly with the attack
by Judge in London in 1895, and dealing mainly with the attack
published in the Westminster Gazette.
published in the ''Westminster Gazette''.


The accusations against Judge grew mainly out of a number of
The accusations against Judge grew mainly out of a number of
Line 1,995: Line 1,893:
out that “the President and Vice-President could only be tried as
out that “the President and Vice-President could only be tried as
such by such Committee, for official misconduct-that is misfeasances
such by such Committee, for official misconduct-that is misfeasances
and malfeasances.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, V, p. 191. The Path, Vol. IX, Aug., 1894, p. 161.</ref> The Judicial Committee found itself
and malfeasances.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', V, p. 191. ''The Path'', Vol. IX, Aug., 1894, p. 161.</ref> The Judicial Committee found itself
also face to face with its own limitations, on the very basis of
also face to face with its own limitations, on the very basis of
the T.S. Constitution, as it could not try anyone within the T.S.
the T.S. Constitution, as it could not try anyone within the T.S.
Line 2,016: Line 1,914:
believe and affirm it. For the above reason, then, I declare as
believe and affirm it. For the above reason, then, I declare as
my opinion that this inquiry must go no farther; we may not
my opinion that this inquiry must go no farther; we may not
break our own laws for any consideration whatsoever.”<ref>Olcott, op.cit., V, pp. 186-87. From the Minutes of the Judicial Committee of the Theosophical Society, July 10, 1894.</ref>
break our own laws for any consideration whatsoever.”<ref>Olcott, ''op.cit''., V, pp. 186-87. From the Minutes of the Judicial Committee of the Theosophical Society, July 10, 1894.</ref>


In retrospect, it seems most curious that any kind of special
In retrospect, it seems most curious that any kind of special
Line 2,024: Line 1,922:
consulting the Constitutional basis of the T.S.
consulting the Constitutional basis of the T.S.


In a sudden volte face, symptomatic of the many confused trends
In a sudden volte ''face'', symptomatic of the many confused trends
of thought fighting for supremacy at the time, Annie Besant stated:  
of thought fighting for supremacy at the time, Annie Besant stated:  


Line 2,046: Line 1,944:
was intended, leaving that person to wrongly assume that it was
was intended, leaving that person to wrongly assume that it was
a direct precipitation or writing by the Master himself-that is,
a direct precipitation or writing by the Master himself-that is,
that it was done through Mr. Judge, but done by the Master.”<ref>Olcott, op.cit., Vol. V, pp. 195-96, 200-201. From the Statement by Annie Besant read at the Third Session of the European Convention of the T.S., July 12, 1894.</ref>
that it was done ''through'' Mr. Judge, but done ''by'' the Master.”<ref>Olcott, ''op.cit''., Vol. V, pp. 195-96, 200-201. From the Statement by Annie Besant read at the Third Session of the European Convention of the T.S., July 12, 1894.</ref>


When this entire period is carefully viewed in retrospect, many
When this entire period is carefully viewed in retrospect, many
of the issues at stake appear rather childish and immature against
of the issues at stake appear rather childish and immature against
the background of additional information on certain occult subjects
the background of additional information on certain occult subjects
which has become available since the publication in 1923 of The
which has become available since the publication in 1923 of ''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett''. Had the information contained
Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. Had the information contained
therein on the rationale behind the sending of letters and messages
therein on the rationale behind the sending of letters and messages
by the Mahatmans, either by precipitation or otherwise, been available
by the Mahatmans, either by precipitation or otherwise, been available
Line 2,073: Line 1,970:
“In noticing M’s [Master Morya’s] opinion of yourself expressed
“In noticing M’s [Master Morya’s] opinion of yourself expressed
in some of his letters-(you must not feel altogether so
in some of his letters-(you must not feel altogether so
sure that because they are in his handwriting, they are written
sure that because they are in ''his'' handwriting, they are written
by him, though of course every word is sanctioned by him to
by him, though of course every word is sanctioned by him to
serve certain ends)-you say he has ‘a peculiar mode of expressing
serve certain ends)-you say he has ‘a peculiar mode of expressing
himself to say the least’.<ref>The Mahatma Letter, etc., p. 232; 3rd ed., p. 229.</ref>
himself to say the least’.<ref>''The Mahatma Letter'', etc., p. 232; 3rd ed., p. 229.</ref>


On another occasion, Master K. H. explained:
On another occasion, Master K. H. explained:


“Very often our very letters-unless something very important
“Very often our very letters-unless something very important
and secret-are written in our handwritings by our chelas.”<ref>Op.cit., p. 296; 3rd ed., 291.</ref>
and secret-are written in our handwritings by our chelas.”<ref>''Op.cit''., p. 296; 3rd ed., 291.</ref>


ln the light of the above passages, what becomes of the accusation
ln the light of the above passages, what becomes of the accusation
that Judge, while transmitting admittedly genuine messages
that Judge, while transmitting admittedly genuine messages
from the Masters, yet gave them “a misleading material form,”<ref>Lucifer, XIV, Aug., 1894, pp. 459-60.</ref> meaning the handwriting used by Judge on those occasions?
from the Masters, yet gave them “a misleading material form,”<ref>''Lucifer'', XIV, Aug., 1894, pp. 459-60.</ref> meaning the handwriting used by Judge on those occasions?


The judicial verdict of the Committee was received with mixed
The judicial verdict of the Committee was received with mixed
Line 2,099: Line 1,996:
“unable to accept the official statement with regard to the inquiries
“unable to accept the official statement with regard to the inquiries
held upon the charges preferred against the Vice-President of the
held upon the charges preferred against the Vice-President of the
T.S.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, V, p. 256.</ref> This was of course his privilege; but he went one fatal
T.S.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', V, p. 256.</ref> This was of course his privilege; but he went one fatal
step further. He published in the Westminster Gazette the entire
step further. He published in the ''Westminster Gazette'' the entire
series of papers in the so-called Judge Case which had been entrusted
series of papers in the so-called Judge Case which had been entrusted
to him by Col. Olcott. This breach of faith precipitated
to him by Col. Olcott. This breach of faith precipitated
Line 2,125: Line 2,022:
“The Unity of the Theosophical Movement does not depend
“The Unity of the Theosophical Movement does not depend
upon singleness of organization, but upon similarity of work
upon singleness of organization, but upon similarity of work
and aspiration; and in this we will ‘KEEP THE LINK UNBROKEN’.”<ref>Report of the American Convention, 1895, p. 24.</ref>
and aspiration; and in this we will ‘{{Style S-Small capitals|Keep the Link Unbroken}}’.”<ref>''Report of the American Convention'', 1895, p. 24.</ref>


Judge’s health had long been very poor. He had contracted
Judge’s health had long been very poor. He had contracted
Line 2,138: Line 2,035:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''KAPILA'''. *The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy of Kapila, with
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Kapila}}'''. *''The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy of Kapila'', with
illustrative extracts from the Commentaries. Text and Translation
illustrative extracts from the Commentaries. Text and Translation
by James R. Ballantyne. Allahabad: Presbyterian Mission Press,
by James R. Ballantyne. Allahabad: Presbyterian Mission Press,
Line 2,144: Line 2,041:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''KHUNRATH, HENRY (b. about 1560)'''. *Amphitheatrum Sapientiae
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Khunrath, Henry (b. about 1560)}}'''. *''Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae solius verae, Christiano-Kabbalisticum, divinomagicum'',
Aeternae solius verae, Christiano-Kabbalisticum, divinomagicum,
etc., an unfinished work which appeared after his death with preface
etc., an unfinished work which appeared after his death with preface
and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt. Hanoviaec Giulielmus Antonius,
and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt. Hanoviaec Giulielmus Antonius,
Line 2,154: Line 2,050:


{{Page aside|491}}
{{Page aside|491}}
'''KNORR VON ROSENROTH, BARON CHRISTIAN (1636-1689)'''. *Kabbalah
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Knorr von Rosenroth, Baron Christian (1636-1689)}}'''. *''Kabbalah denudata''. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt: J. D. Zunneri, 1684.
denudata. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt: J. D. Zunneri, 1684.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LARA, D. E. {{Style S-Small capitals|de}}'''. A learned old gentleman of Portuguese-Hebrew extraction
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lara}}, D. E. {{Style S-Small capitals|de}}'''. A learned old gentleman of Portuguese-Hebrew extraction
who was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875,
who was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875,
when the Theosophical Society was formed. Both H.P.B. and Col.
when the Theosophical Society was formed. Both H.P.B. and Col.
Line 2,166: Line 2,061:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LEVI ZAHED, ELIPHAS'''. Pseudonym of Alphonse-Louis Constant, renowned
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Levi Zahed, Eliphas}}'''. Pseudonym of Alphonse-Louis Constant, renowned
French occultist and writer. He was born February 8, 1810,
French occultist and writer. He was born February 8, 1810,
in a poor family; his father was Jean-Joseph Constant, a shoemaker,
in a poor family; his father was Jean-Joseph Constant, a shoemaker,
Line 2,203: Line 2,098:
Benedictine monastery of Solemnes, planning to remain there permanently. He was totally disappointed in the way of life he encountered
Benedictine monastery of Solemnes, planning to remain there permanently. He was totally disappointed in the way of life he encountered
there, although his stay was productive of some good results,
there, although his stay was productive of some good results,
as he wrote there his Le Rosier de Mai (Paris: Gaume,
as he wrote there his ''Le Rosier de Mai'' (Paris: Gaume,
1839) a book of canticles and legends. He had occasion to dip into
1839) a book of canticles and legends. He had occasion to dip into
the writings of the Gnostics, the early Fathers of the Church,
the writings of the Gnostics, the early Fathers of the Church,
Line 2,214: Line 2,109:
during which he got some work supervising studies in religious
during which he got some work supervising studies in religious
schools, he met Le Gallois, an Editor, who enthusiastically decided
schools, he met Le Gallois, an Editor, who enthusiastically decided
to publish his manuscript entitled La Bible de la Liberte, a
to publish his manuscript entitled ''La Bible de la Liberte'', a
work which he had written in a spirit of great rebelliousness and
work which he had written in a spirit of great rebelliousness and
in his search for freedom from oppression. As this work was
in his search for freedom from oppression. As this work was
Line 2,238: Line 2,133:
among the clergy, ruined his stay there and he left. At this time,
among the clergy, ruined his stay there and he left. At this time,
he was studying the writings of Lully, Agrippa and Postel, and
he was studying the writings of Lully, Agrippa and Postel, and
wrote another work entitled La Mere de Dieu (Paris: Gosselin,
wrote another work entitled ''La Mere de Dieu'' (Paris: Gosselin,
1844).
1844).


Line 2,253: Line 2,148:
which his wife was very helpful to him in various difficult circumstances. He seems to have paid no attention whatsoever to the fate of his natural son until many years later.
which his wife was very helpful to him in various difficult circumstances. He seems to have paid no attention whatsoever to the fate of his natural son until many years later.


In 1846, he published La Voix de la famine (Paris: Ballay aine,
In 1846, he published ''La Voix de la famine'' (Paris: Ballay aine,
1846. 8vo), a work which was interpreted as instigating class
1846. 8vo), a work which was interpreted as instigating class
warfare, and which landed him in prison again; while sentenced
warfare, and which landed him in prison again; while sentenced
Line 2,259: Line 2,154:
leave after six months, mainly due to his wife's exertions.
leave after six months, mainly due to his wife's exertions.


In 1848, he founded a paper entitled la Tribune du peuple, and
In 1848, he founded a paper entitled ''la Tribune du peuple'', and
wrote a number of pamphlets, most of which contained very radical
wrote a number of pamphlets, most of which contained very radical
ideas, which of course did not help him in his rather strained
ideas, which of course did not help him in his rather strained
Line 2,268: Line 2,163:
vases. In 1850, he met the renowned Abbe Migne, and was commissioned
vases. In 1850, he met the renowned Abbe Migne, and was commissioned
by him to prepare for his enormous Patrological Series
by him to prepare for his enormous Patrological Series
the Dictionnaire de litterature chretienne (Migne, 1851, 4to), which
the ''Dictionnaire de litterature chretienne'' (Migne, 1851, 4to), which
forms Vol. VII of his Nouvelle encyclopedie theologique.
forms Vol. VII of his ''Nouvelle encyclopedie theologique''.


In the course of his married life, he had four children, all of
In the course of his married life, he had four children, all of
Line 2,279: Line 2,174:
and engaged with him in some magical evocations, such as one of
and engaged with him in some magical evocations, such as one of
Apollonius of Tyana, concerning which H.P.B. writes in the present
Apollonius of Tyana, concerning which H.P.B. writes in the present
Volume. In 1855 he founded with Charles Fauvety la Revue philosophique
Volume. In 1855 he founded with Charles Fauvety ''la Revue philosophique
et religieuse, a monthly which lasted some three years
et religieuse'', a monthly which lasted some three years
or so. It is at about this time of his life that Eliphas Levi-as
or so. It is at about this time of his life that Eliphas Levi-as
he now signed himself-began publishing in serial installments
he now signed himself-began publishing in serial installments
his Dogme et Rituel de la haute magic which appeared in book
his ''Dogme et Rituel de la haute magie'' which appeared in book
form in 1856 (Paris, Germer-Bailliere). Another “subversive”
form in 1856 (Paris, Germer-Bailliere). Another “subversive”
piece of literature, a poem this time, landed him in prison once
piece of literature, a poem this time, landed him in prison once
Line 2,290: Line 2,185:
{{Page aside|494}}
{{Page aside|494}}
In 1859 and 1861 respectively, appeared from the same publisher
In 1859 and 1861 respectively, appeared from the same publisher
two other works by Eliphas Levi, namely, l'Histoire de la
two other works by Eliphas Levi, namely, ''l'Histoire de la magie and La Clef des grands mysteres''-works which brought
magie and La Clef des grands mysteres-works which brought
him considerable prestige, reputation and esteem; this was a rather
him considerable prestige, reputation and esteem; this was a rather
peaceful period in his life during which a growing number of
peaceful period in his life during which a growing number of
Line 2,298: Line 2,192:


For a short time in 1861, he became a Freemason in the Lodge
For a short time in 1861, he became a Freemason in the Lodge
called Rose du parfait silence, but he quit on becoming disgusted
called ''Rose du parfait silence'', but he quit on becoming disgusted
with what he found therein.
with what he found therein.


He made another trip to London and most likely had a considerable
He made another trip to London and most likely had a considerable
influence on the studies of Bulwer-Lytton, as the latter's
influence on the studies of Bulwer-Lytton, as the latter's
work, A Strange Story, definitely reflects.
work, ''A Strange Story'', definitely reflects.


In 1865, Eliphas Levi published La Science des esprits.
In 1865, Eliphas Levi published ''La Science des esprits''.


His wife, after some years of absence, suddenly sued him, and
His wife, after some years of absence, suddenly sued him, and
Line 2,326: Line 2,220:
when she had found in Eliphas Levi’s works what she had been
when she had found in Eliphas Levi’s works what she had been
looking for. She remained his staunch disciple until his death,
looking for. She remained his staunch disciple until his death,
and used to travel to Paris once a year to see him.<ref>Vide Vol. VI of H.P.B.’s Collected Writings where, on pp. 434-36, will he found a comprehensive account of the Gebhard Family. Mary Gebhard was horn in Dublin in 1832, and for a time was educated in the Convent of Sacre Coeur in Paris.</ref> She received
and used to travel to Paris once a year to see him.<ref>''Vide'' Vol. VI of H.P.B.’s ''Collected Writings'' where, on pp. 434-36, will he found a comprehensive account of the Gebhard Family. Mary Gebhard was horn in Dublin in 1832, and for a time was educated in the Convent of Sacre Coeur in Paris.</ref> She received
from him the original manuscript of Les Paradoxes de la Haute
from him the original manuscript of ''Les Paradoxes de la Haute Science'' (Paradoxes of the Highest Science). By consulting Vol.
Science (Paradoxes of the Highest Science). By consulting Vol.
VI, pp. 257-63, of the present Series, the reader will find a comprehensive
VI, pp. 257-63, of the present Series, the reader will find a comprehensive
exposition of the background connected with this manuscript,
exposition of the background connected with this manuscript,
and how it was finally published with comments by Master {{Page aside|495}}K. H. Madame Gebhard contributed to the pages of The Theosophist
and how it was finally published with comments by Master {{Page aside|495}}K. H. Madame Gebhard contributed to the pages of ''The Theosophist''
(Vol. VIII, Jan., 1886, pp. 241-42) some brief “Personal
(Vol. VIII, Jan., 1886, pp. 241-42) some brief “Personal
Recollections of Eliphas Levi,” which, unfortunately give a somewhat
Recollections of Eliphas Levi,” which, unfortunately give a somewhat
Line 2,341: Line 2,234:
way into the hands of Theosophists, probably through Baron
way into the hands of Theosophists, probably through Baron
Spedalieri, one of his pupils, and were published in English translation
Spedalieri, one of his pupils, and were published in English translation
at various times in the early volumes of The Theosophist.
at various times in the early volumes of ''The Theosophist''.


Eventually Eliphas Levi’s heart condition brought about dropsy,
Eventually Eliphas Levi’s heart condition brought about dropsy,
Line 2,352: Line 2,245:


Three other works from the pen of Eliphas Levi were published
Three other works from the pen of Eliphas Levi were published
posthumously. These are: Le Livre des Splendeurs; Le
posthumously. These are: ''Le Livre des Splendeurs; Le Grand Arcane'' (Paris: Chamuel, 1896; 2nd ed., 1921); and ''Le Livre des Sages'' (Paris: Chacornac, 1913).
Grand Arcane (Paris: Chamuel, 1896; 2nd ed., 1921); and Le
Livre des Sages (Paris: Chacornac, 1913).


Most of the chief works mentioned above have been translated
Most of the chief works mentioned above have been translated
Line 2,372: Line 2,263:


For a comprehensive and rather detailed account of Eliphas Levi’s
For a comprehensive and rather detailed account of Eliphas Levi’s
life and work, consult Paul Chacornac, Eliphas Levi: 1810-1875.
life and work, consult Paul Chacornac, ''Eliphas Levi: 1810-1875''.
Renovateur de I”occultisme en France. Paris: Chacornac Freres,
Renovateur de I”occultisme en France. Paris: Chacornac Freres,
1926. xviii, 300 pp., ill.
1926. xviii, 300 pp., ill.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LIVY (TITUS LIVIUS) (59 {{Style S-Small capitals|b.c.-a.d}}. 17)'''. *History of Rome (Ah urbe condita libri); was in 142 books and told the story of Rome from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy down to the death of Drusus, younger {{Page aside|460}}brother of the Emperor Tiberius, in A.D. 9. Of these books only 35 are extant. Loeb Classical Library.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Livy (Titus Livius)}} (59 {{Style S-Small capitals|b.c.-a.d}}. 17)'''. *''History of Rome'' (Ah urbe condita libri); was in 142 books and told the story of Rome from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy down to the death of Drusus, younger {{Page aside|460}}brother of the Emperor Tiberius, in A.D. 9. Of these books only 35 are extant. ''Loeb Classical Library''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LIPPITT, GENERAL FRANCIS J'''. Born in Providence, R.I., July 19, 1812;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lippitt, General Francis J}}'''. Born in Providence, R.I., July 19, 1812;
d. in 1902. Son of Joseph F., and Caroline S. Lippitt. Graduated
d. in 1902. Son of Joseph F., and Caroline S. Lippitt. Graduated
from Brown, 1830. Captain 1st N.Y. volunteers in Mexican War;
from Brown, 1830. Captain 1st N.Y. volunteers in Mexican War;
Line 2,387: Line 2,278:
Counsel for U.S. in Dpt. of Justice, 1877-82. Was guest of Lafayette
Counsel for U.S. in Dpt. of Justice, 1877-82. Was guest of Lafayette
at La Grange, 1832, and present at his burial, 1834. Assisted De
at La Grange, 1832, and present at his burial, 1834. Assisted De
Toqueville in preparing his La Democratic aux Etats-Unis, 1834.
Toqueville in preparing his ''La Democratic aux Etats-Unis'', 1834.
Attached to American Legation in Paris, 1834-35. Member, State
Attached to American Legation in Paris, 1834-35. Member, State
Constitutional Convention, Calif., 1894. Lecturer at Boston Univ.
Constitutional Convention, Calif., 1894. Lecturer at Boston Univ.
Line 2,398: Line 2,289:
Blavatsky in the very early days of The Theosophical Society in the
Blavatsky in the very early days of The Theosophical Society in the
U.S.A. Strangely enough, he does not refer to this association in
U.S.A. Strangely enough, he does not refer to this association in
his Reminiscences (Providence, R.I.: Preston and Rounds Co.,
his ''Reminiscences'' (Providence, R.I.: Preston and Rounds Co.,
1902) written “for his Family, his near relatives and intimate
1902) written “for his Family, his near relatives and intimate
friends.” In 1888, Gen. Lippitt published a pamphlet under the title
friends.” In 1888, Gen. Lippitt published a pamphlet under the title
of Physical Proofs of Another Life. A few years prior to this, a
of ''Physical Proofs of Another Life''. A few years prior to this, a
rich Spiritualist, Henry Seybert, died ai Philadelphia, Pa., leaving
rich Spiritualist, Henry Seybert, died ai Philadelphia, Pa., leaving
a considerable sum of money by will to the University, on condition
a considerable sum of money by will to the University, on condition
Line 2,419: Line 2,310:
of highly interesting personal tests and experiences with phenomena,
of highly interesting personal tests and experiences with phenomena,
is worthy of his literary reputation, and shows how different might
is worthy of his literary reputation, and shows how different might
have been the report if the members of the Commission had cared {{Page aside|497}}as much to get at the truth of spiritualism as to boycott it.” (The
have been the report if the members of the Commission had cared {{Page aside|497}}as much to get at the truth of spiritualism as to boycott it.” (''The Theosophist'', Vol. X, Nov. 1888, p. 132.)
Theosophist, Vol. X, Nov. 1888, p. 132.)


A number of letters written by H.P.B. to Gen. Lippitt during
A number of letters written by H.P.B. to Gen. Lippitt during
Line 2,426: Line 2,316:
Presumably Gen. Lippitt returned them to Col. Olcott after H.P.B.’s
Presumably Gen. Lippitt returned them to Col. Olcott after H.P.B.’s
death in 1891. They have been published in the Series known as
death in 1891. They have been published in the Series known as
H.P.B. Speaks, Vols. I and II (Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1950
''H.P.B. Speaks'', Vols. I and II (Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1950
and 1951). During this period, H.P.B. resided in Philadelphia, and
and 1951). During this period, H.P.B. resided in Philadelphia, and
the letters contain most interesting information concerning her views
the letters contain most interesting information concerning her views
Line 2,432: Line 2,322:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LORIS-MELIKOV, COUNT MICHAEL T. (1826-88)'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. II, footnote to art. “Armenians.”
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Loris-Melikov, Count Michael T. (1826-88)}}'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. II, footnote to art. “Armenians.”
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LUNDY, DR. JOHN PATTERSON (1823-92)'''. *Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lundy, Dr. John Patterson (1823-92)}}'''. *''Monumental Christianity'', or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''LURIA, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON (1534-1572)'''. *Commentarius in librum
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Luria, Isaac ben Solomon (1534-1572)}}'''. *''Commentarius in librum Zeniutha. Tractatus de revolutionibus animarum''. Contained in the
Zeniutha. Tractatus de revolutionibus animarum. Contained in the
Second Volume of C. Knorr von Rosenroth’s ''Kabbala Denudata'',
Second Volume of C. Knorr von Rosenroth’s Kabbala Denudata,
Frankfurt, 1684 (Vol. I was publ. at Sulzbach, 1677-78).
Frankfurt, 1684 (Vol. I was publ. at Sulzbach, 1677-78).
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''M{{Style S-Small capitals|ac}}K{{Style S-Small capitals|enzie}}, K{{Style S-Small capitals|enneth}} R{{Style S-Small capitals|obert}} H{{Style S-Small capitals|enderson}} (?-1886)'''. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” *The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites; Symbolism and Biography, London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
'''M{{Style S-Small capitals|ac}}K{{Style S-Small capitals|enzie}}, K{{Style S-Small capitals|enneth}} R{{Style S-Small capitals|obert}} H{{Style S-Small capitals|enderson}} (?-1886)'''. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” *''The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites; Symbolism and Biography'', London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MACKEY, ALBERT GALLATIN (1807-1881)'''. *Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mackey, Albert Gallatin (1807-1881)}}'''. *''Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry''.
Edited by Robert I. Clegg. Chicago: The Masonic History Co., 1929.
Edited by Robert I. Clegg. Chicago: The Masonic History Co., 1929.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Manavadharmasastra (Laws of Manu)'''. Text critically edited by J. Jolly. London: Trubner & Co., 1887. Trubner Oriental Series.-Transl. by G. Buhler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. SBE XXV.
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Manavadharmasastra (Laws of Manu)'''. Text critically edited by J. Jolly. London: Trubner & Co., 1887. Trubner Oriental Series.-Transl. by G. Buhler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. ''SBE'' XXV.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MARSHALL, WM. S., Lieut.-Col'''. *A Phrenologist Among the Todas, or the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1873. xx, 271, ill.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Marshall, Wm. S.,}} Lieut.-Col'''. *''A Phrenologist Among the Todas'', or the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1873. xx, 271, ill.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MASSEY, CHARLES CARLETON'''. English Barrister and Writer, b. Dec.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Massey, Charles Carleton}}'''. English Barrister and Writer, b. Dec.
23, 1838 at Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, the residence of his
23, 1838 at Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, the residence of his
granduncle, Lord Bolton; died of heart failure March 29, 1905.
granduncle, Lord Bolton; died of heart failure March 29, 1905.
Line 2,471: Line 2,360:
and most of his work was of a literary kind. He translated into
and most of his work was of a literary kind. He translated into
English Prof. Zollner’s report on his experiments with Slade and
English Prof. Zollner’s report on his experiments with Slade and
published it under the title of Transcendental Physics (London,
published it under the title of ''Transcendental Physics'' (London,
1880), a work which was reviewed at length by H.P.B. in The
1880), a work which was reviewed at length by H.P.B. in ''The Theosophist'' (Vol. II, Feb., 1881, pp. 95-97). He also translated
Theosophist (Vol. II, Feb., 1881, pp. 95-97). He also translated
E. von Hartmann’s ''Spiritism'', and translated and annotated Baron
E. von Hartmann’s Spiritism, and translated and annotated Baron
Carl du Prel’s learned work on ''The Philosophy of Mysticism'' (London, Redway, 1889, 2 vols.).
Carl du Prel’s learned work on The Philosophy of Mysticism (Lon·
don, Redway, 1889, 2 vols.).


Massey became in 1882 one of the Founders of the Society for
Massey became in 1882 one of the Founders of the Society for
Line 2,485: Line 2,372:
we were constantly indebted. [Massey was] a profound student
we were constantly indebted. [Massey was] a profound student
of philosophy and psychology, and one of the most original and
of philosophy and psychology, and one of the most original and
suggestive thinkers I have ever known...” (S.P.R. Journal, Vol.
suggestive thinkers I have ever known...” (S.P.R. ''Journal'', Vol.
XII, pp. 95-96). Although Massey was on the first Council of the
XII, pp. 95-96). Although Massey was on the first Council of the
S.P.R. in 1882, he resigned from it in October, 1886, remaining,
S.P.R. in 1882, he resigned from it in October, 1886, remaining,
Line 2,503: Line 2,390:
to eye with each other.
to eye with each other.


(Consult: Thoughts of a Modem Mystic. A Selection from the Writings of the late C. C. Massey. Ed. by Prof. W. F. Barrett, London, 1909.)
(Consult: ''Thoughts of a Modem Mystic''. A Selection from the Writings of the late C. C. Massey. Ed. by Prof. W. F. Barrett, London, 1909.)
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MAYER, ALFRED MARSHALL (1836-97)'''. *The Earth a Great Magnet:
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mayer, Alfred Marshall (1836-97)}}'''. *''The Earth a Great Magnet'': a Lecture, etc. New Haven, Conn., 1872. 8vo.
a Lecture, etc. New Haven, Conn., 1872. 8vo.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, SIXTH EARL OF (1822-72)'''. Born
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, Sixth Earl of (1822-72)}}'''. Born
in Dublin, educated at Trinity College. After travels in Russia,
in Dublin, educated at Trinity College. After travels in Russia,
entered Parliament and was chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-66.
entered Parliament and was chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-66.
Line 2,519: Line 2,405:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MENDELEYEV, DMITRIY IVANOVICH'''. Russian chemist, the youngest of
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mendeleyev, Dmitriy Ivanovich}}'''. Russian chemist, the youngest of
a family of seventeen, b. at Tobolsk, Siberia, Feb. 7, 1834; d.
a family of seventeen, b. at Tobolsk, Siberia, Feb. 7, 1834; d.
at St. Petersburg, Feb. 2, 1907. Attended the gymnasium of his
at St. Petersburg, Feb. 2, 1907. Attended the gymnasium of his
native town; studied science at St. Petersburg, was graduated in
native town; studied science at St. Petersburg, was graduated in
chemistry, 1856, subsequently becoming privatdozent. Became, 1863,
chemistry, 1856, subsequently becoming ''privatdozent''. Became, 1863,
prof. of chemistry in the technological school at St. Petersburg, and
prof. of chemistry in the technological school at St. Petersburg, and
three years later succeeded to the chair in the University. Resigned
three years later succeeded to the chair in the University. Resigned
Line 2,529: Line 2,415:
and Measures.
and Measures.


Mendeleyev’s name is best known for his work on the Periodic
Mendeleyev’s name is best known for his work on the ''Periodic Law''. His Periodic Tables of Elements embodies in its conception
Law. His Periodic Tables of Elements embodies in its conception
an aspect of the Sevenfold Nature of the Universe; it has stood
an aspect of the Sevenfold Nature of the Universe; it has stood
the test of time and was fully supported by the most recent developments
the test of time and was fully supported by the most recent developments
of atomic physics. It still remains a corner stone of
of atomic physics. It still remains a corner stone of
modern science. H.P.B. herself refers to it on various occasions
modern science. H.P.B. herself refers to it on various occasions
throughout her writings. [Cf. The Secret Doctrine, II, 627.]
throughout her writings. [Cf. ''The Secret Doctrine'', II, 627.]


Mendeleyev’s best known work is The Principles of Chemistry,
Mendeleyev’s best known work is ''The Principles of Chemistry'',
1868-70 (Engl. ed., 2 vols., 1905), which has gone through many
1868-70 (Engl. ed., 2 vols., 1905), which has gone through many
subsequent editions in various languages. The author was considered
subsequent editions in various languages. The author was considered
Line 2,545: Line 2,430:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)'''. *The History of British India. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1817. 3 vols.; also 1848.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mill, James (1773-1836)}}'''. *''The History of British India''. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1817. 3 vols.; also 1848.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


{{Page aside|500}}
{{Page aside|500}}
'''MOLIERE (JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN—1622-73)'''. *Tartuffe, 1664.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin—1622-73)}}'''. *''Tartuffe'', 1664.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MONACHESI, HERBERT D'''. American newspaper reporter, Italian by birth and of very psychic temperament. He was responsible for a very lucid article regarding the original programme of the T.S. published in the Sunday Mercury of New York in 1875. He seems to have dropped out very soon after, and no further information about him has been found.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Monachesi, Herbert D}}'''. American newspaper reporter, Italian by birth and of very psychic temperament. He was responsible for a very lucid article regarding the original programme of the T.S. published in the ''Sunday Mercury'' of New York in 1875. He seems to have dropped out very soon after, and no further information about him has been found.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MOSES, WILLIAM STAINTON'''. English clergyman and medium, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Moses, William Stainton}}'''. English clergyman and medium, b. at
Donington, Lincolnshire, Nov. 5, 1839; d. in 1892. Known for
Donington, Lincolnshire, Nov. 5, 1839; d. in 1892. Known for
many years to Spiritualists all over the world under the pseudonym
many years to Spiritualists all over the world under the pseudonym
Line 2,580: Line 2,465:


It was in 1872 that Stainton Moses contacted Spiritualism through
It was in 1872 that Stainton Moses contacted Spiritualism through
the reading of R. Dale Owen’s book, The Debatable Land. He
the reading of R. Dale Owen’s book, ''The Debatable Land''. He
visited various mediums, sat in many private circles, and soon developed
visited various mediums, sat in many private circles, and soon developed
strong mediumistic powers of his own, which manifested
strong mediumistic powers of his own, which manifested
Line 2,586: Line 2,471:
writing. He rapidly came to the front of the Spiritualistic movement, took a leading part in founding the British National Association of Spiritualists, served on the Council of the Psychological Society, and, until 1886, on that of the Society for Psychical Research, when he resigned from that body because of the Society’s {{Page aside|501}}attitude towards Eglinton and other public mediums. From 1884
writing. He rapidly came to the front of the Spiritualistic movement, took a leading part in founding the British National Association of Spiritualists, served on the Council of the Psychological Society, and, until 1886, on that of the Society for Psychical Research, when he resigned from that body because of the Society’s {{Page aside|501}}attitude towards Eglinton and other public mediums. From 1884
to his death he was also President of the London Spiritual Alliance.
to his death he was also President of the London Spiritual Alliance.
He also acted for many years as Editor of the magazine Light.
He also acted for many years as Editor of the magazine ''Light''.


While Stainton Moses was an exponent of almost all the various
While Stainton Moses was an exponent of almost all the various
phases of mediumship, he is best known for his automatic writings
phases of mediumship, he is best known for his automatic writings
excerpts from which were published under the title of Spirit Teachings
excerpts from which were published under the title of ''Spirit Teachings''
(London: The Psychological Press Ass’n, 1883; also as
(London: The Psychological Press Ass’n, 1883; also as
“Memorial Edition,” London, 1894). They began in March, 1872,
“Memorial Edition,” London, 1894). They began in March, 1872,
Line 2,598: Line 2,483:
type and in flowing language.
type and in flowing language.


Other works of Stainton Moses are: Psychography, London,
Other works of Stainton Moses are: ''Psychography'', London,
1878; Spirit Identity, 1879; and The Higher Aspects of Spiritualism,
1878; ''Spirit Identity'', 1879; and ''The Higher Aspects of Spiritualism'',
1880.
1880.


Line 2,607: Line 2,492:
the Colonel hut with H.P.B. whom Moses held in very high regard.
the Colonel hut with H.P.B. whom Moses held in very high regard.
A more complete account of this association may be found in
A more complete account of this association may be found in
H. S. Olcott’s Old Diary Leaves, I, 60, 300-329, where many highly
H. S. Olcott’s ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, 60, 300-329, where many highly
interesting facts are brought out. Students should also consult The
interesting facts are brought out. Students should also consult ''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'', for various passages wherein the
Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, for various passages wherein the
identity of Moses’ “controls” is hinted at.
identity of Moses’ “controls” is hinted at.


Line 2,620: Line 2,504:
where the papers of Stainton Moses are deposited.
where the papers of Stainton Moses are deposited.


Sources: Dictionary of National Biography; “Records of Private
Sources: ''Dictionary of National Biography''; “Records of Private
Seances,” Light, 1892, 1893; “The Experiences of W. Stainton
Seances,” ''Light'', 1892, 1893; “The Experiences of W. Stainton
Moses,” by F. W. H. Myers, in Proceedings, S.P.R., Vols. IX and
Moses,” by F. W. H. Myers, in ''Proceedings'', S.P.R., Vols. IX and
X; Podmore, Modern Spiritualism.
X; Podmore, ''Modern Spiritualism''.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MOSHEIM, JOHANN LORENZ VON'''. German evangelical theologian, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von}}'''. German evangelical theologian, b. at
Lubeck, October 9, 1684; d. at Gottingen, Sept. 9, 1775. Cofounder
Lubeck, October 9, 1684; d. at Gottingen, Sept. 9, 1775. Cofounder
of the Gottingen University, and its Chancellor, 1747. Regarded
of the Gottingen University, and its Chancellor, 1747. Regarded
as the founder of modern Church history. Chief works: lnstitutiones
as the founder of modern Church history. Chief works: ''lnstitutiones historiae ecclesiasticae'', 1726; German ed., 1769-78 in nine vols.;
historiae ecclesiasticae, 1726; German ed., 1769-78 in nine vols.;
Engl. tr. by Archibald Maclaine, New York, 1880.-''lnstitutiones historiae christianae majores'', 1763.
Engl. tr. by Archibald Maclaine, New York, 1880.-lnstitutiones
historiae christianae majores, 1763.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MOUSSEAUX'''. See GOUGENOT DES MOUSSEAUX.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mousseaux}}'''. See {{Style S-Small capitals|Gougenot des Mousseaux}}.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''MULLER, MAX [FRIEDRICH MAXIMILIAN] (1823-1900)'''. *Chips from a German Workshop. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1867-75. 4 vols.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Muller, Max [Friedrich Maximilian] (1823-1900)}}'''. *''Chips from a German Workshop''. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1867-75. 4 vols.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>New American Cyclopaedia, 1858-63''', 16 vols.; edited by Geo. Ripley and Chas. A. Dana. New edition, as American Cyclopaedia, 1873-76, 16 vols., was prepared by the same editors.
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''New American Cyclopaedia, 1858-63''''', 16 vols.; edited by Geo. Ripley and Chas. A. Dana. New edition, as ''American Cyclopaedia'', 1873-76, 16 vols., was prepared by the same editors.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''NEWTON, HENRY JOTHAM'''. American manufacturer and inventor, b.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Newton, Henry Jotham}}'''. American manufacturer and inventor, b.
at Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 9, 1823; d. in New York, Dec. 23, 1895;
at Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 9, 1823; d. in New York, Dec. 23, 1895;
younger son of Dr. Jotham and Harriet (Wood) Newton, both
younger son of Dr. Jotham and Harriet (Wood) Newton, both
Line 2,661: Line 2,543:
Early freed for the rest of his life to devote himself to his various
Early freed for the rest of his life to devote himself to his various
hobbies, the chief of which was photography, he worked under
hobbies, the chief of which was photography, he worked under
the guidance of Chas. A. Seely, publisher of the American Journal
the guidance of Chas. A. Seely, publisher of the ''American Journal of Photography''; he outfitted a laboratory in his own home and
of Photography; he outfitted a laboratory in his own home and
engaged in innumerable experiments. He became known as “the
engaged in innumerable experiments. He became known as “the
father of the dry-plate process,” and was a pioneer in the preparation
father of the dry-plate process,” and was a pioneer in the preparation
Line 2,682: Line 2,563:
Penna. He had been the executor of the Baron’s Will, and the
Penna. He had been the executor of the Baron’s Will, and the
event received nation-wide publicity, interestingly described by Col.
event received nation-wide publicity, interestingly described by Col.
Olcott in Vol. I of his Old Diary Leaves. Newton, however, did
Olcott in Vol. I of his ''Old Diary Leaves''. Newton, however, did
not accept H.P.B.’s explanation of Spiritualistic phenomena, and
not accept H.P.B.’s explanation of Spiritualistic phenomena, and
was greatly disturbed by what he read in Isis Unveiled. He later
was greatly disturbed by what he read in ''Isis Unveiled''. He later
resigned from the T.S. with considerable bitterness.
resigned from the T.S. with considerable bitterness.


Line 2,694: Line 2,575:
Streets, then “the most dangerous spot in New York.”
Streets, then “the most dangerous spot in New York.”


In the opinion of Col. Olcott (The Theos., XIV, Nov., 1892, p.
In the opinion of Col. Olcott (''The Theos''., XIV, Nov., 1892, p.
72), Newton was “a man of dauntless moral courage, most tenacious
72), Newton was “a man of dauntless moral courage, most tenacious
of his opinions and, having been for many years a firm Spiritualist,
of his opinions and, having been for many years a firm Spiritualist,
Line 2,701: Line 2,582:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG'''. German statesman and historian, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Niebuhr, Barthold Georg}}'''. German statesman and historian, b. at
Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776; d. at Bonn, Jan. 2, 1831. Studied
Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776; d. at Bonn, Jan. 2, 1831. Studied
at Univ. of Kiel; became private secretary to Count Schimmel-mann,
at Univ. of Kiel; became private secretary to Count Schimmel-mann,
Line 2,708: Line 2,589:
took a similar appointment in Prussia. In 1810, was made royal
took a similar appointment in Prussia. In 1810, was made royal
historiographer and professor at Berlin University, and two years
historiographer and professor at Berlin University, and two years
later published two volumes of his Romische Geschichte (Engl.
later published two volumes of his ''Romische Geschichte'' (Engl.
transl., 1847-51). In 1816, while on his way to Rome to take
transl., 1847-51). In 1816, while on his way to Rome to take
up post as ambassador, discovered in the cathedral of Verona
up post as ambassador, discovered in the cathedral of Verona
the long-lost Institutes of Gaius. While in Rome, he discovered
the long-lost ''Institutes'' of Gaius. While in Rome, he discovered
and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, and collaborated
and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, and collaborated
with Cardinal Mai and von Bunsen. He retired in 1823 and went
with Cardinal Mai and von Bunsen. He retired in 1823 and went
to Bonn.
to Bonn.


Niebuhr’s Roman History (to which he added a 3rd vol. in
Niebuhr’s ''Roman History'' (to which he added a 3rd vol. in
1832) counts among epoch-making historical works for its momentous
1832) counts among epoch-making historical works for its momentous
influence on the general conception of history.
influence on the general conception of history.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''OLCOTT, HENRY STEEL'''. President-Founder of The Theosophical Society.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Olcott, Henry Steel}}'''. President-Founder of The Theosophical Society.
Born at Orange, N. J., August 2, 1832. Eldest son of Henry
Born at Orange, N. J., August 2, 1832. Eldest son of Henry
Wyckoff Olcott and Emily Steel who were married October 19,
Wyckoff Olcott and Emily Steel who were married October 19,
Line 2,748: Line 2,629:
deal of research, particularly in regard to his own ancestors. He
deal of research, particularly in regard to his own ancestors. He
came across a book by Nathaniel Goodwin (1782-1855) entitled
came across a book by Nathaniel Goodwin (1782-1855) entitled
The Descendants of Thomas Olcott, etc., published at Hartford,
''The Descendants of Thomas Olcott'', etc., published at Hartford,
Conn. in 1845, giving detailed biographical information concerning
Conn. in 1845, giving detailed biographical information concerning
the Puritans and early settlers. Col. Olcott edited and published
the Puritans and early settlers. Col. Olcott edited and published
Line 2,759: Line 2,640:
Allcocks, Allcox, Alcot, Alcott, Ollcot, Olcot, and Olcott. The
Allcocks, Allcox, Alcot, Alcott, Ollcot, Olcot, and Olcott. The
Heraldic Crests consisted of a cock standing on a crown, a globe
Heraldic Crests consisted of a cock standing on a crown, a globe
or a single bar, in some cases crowing and in others silent.<ref>Consult also the work of Mary Louisa Beatrice Olcott entitled The Olcotts and their Kindred from Anglo-Saxon times through Roncesvalles to Gettysburg and after. 2nd ed., New York: National Americana Publications, 1956; 315 pp., ill., bibliography.</ref>
or a single bar, in some cases crowing and in others silent.<ref>Consult also the work of Mary Louisa Beatrice Olcott entitled ''The Olcotts and their Kindred from Anglo-Saxon times through Roncesvalles to Gettysburg and after''. 2nd ed., New York: National Americana Publications, 1956; 315 pp., ill., bibliography.</ref>


One of these possible ancestors was Nathan Alcock, who received
One of these possible ancestors was Nathan Alcock, who received
Line 2,771: Line 2,652:
convent of St. Radigund.
convent of St. Radigund.


The family name was a corruption of two Saxon words: eald
The family name was a corruption of two Saxon words: ''eald''
(German ald, alt) meaning old, and coc, a male bird. The coat
(German ''ald, alt'') meaning old, and coc, a male bird. The coat
of arms used by Thomas Olcott consisted of three cocks’ heads,
of arms used by Thomas Olcott consisted of three cocks’ heads,
showing similarity to that of the von Hahn family from which
showing similarity to that of the von Hahn family from which
Line 2,796: Line 2,677:
declined. His research in sorgum, just then imported into the U.S.A.,
declined. His research in sorgum, just then imported into the U.S.A.,
and his recognition of its economic importance, resulted in the
and his recognition of its economic importance, resulted in the
publication of his first book, Sorgho and lmphee, the Chinese and
publication of his first book, ''Sorgho and lmphee, the Chinese and African Sugar-Canes'' (New York: A. 0. More, 1858), which ran
African Sugar-Canes (New York: A. 0. More, 1858), which ran
through seven editions, was ordered to be placed in the libraries
through seven editions, was ordered to be placed in the libraries
of the State of Illinois and prescribed as a school text. The Government
of the State of Illinois and prescribed as a school text. The Government
Line 2,806: Line 2,686:


In 1858, Olcott paid his first visit to Europe, aimed at the improvement
In 1858, Olcott paid his first visit to Europe, aimed at the improvement
of agriculture, and his Report of what he saw was {{Page aside|506}} {{Page aside|506}}published in the 1858-64 edition of Appleton’s New American
of agriculture, and his Report of what he saw was {{Page aside|506}} {{Page aside|506}}published in the 1858-64 edition of Appleton’s ''New American Cyclopaedia''.<ref>Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Olcott’s article therein is entitled “Agricultural Schools”; it may be found in Vol. I of this ''Cyclopaedia'', and gives a rather comprehensive account of the history of such Schools in Europe and America. <br>
Cyclopaedia.<ref>Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Olcott’s article therein is entitled “Agricultural Schools”; it may be found in Vol. I of this Cyclopaedia, and gives a rather comprehensive account of the history of such Schools in Europe and America. <br>
Olcott also wrote ''Outlines of the first Course of Yale Agricultural Lectures'', with an Introduction by John A. Porter. New York: C. M. Saxton, Barker & Co., 1860; 186 pp.</ref> Recognized as an expert, he became the American
Olcott also wrote Outlines of the first Course of Yale Agricultural Lectures, with an Introduction by John A. Porter. New York: C. M. Saxton, Barker & Co., 1860; 186 pp.</ref> Recognized as an expert, he became the American
correspondent of the well-known ''Mark Lane Express'' and Associate
correspondent of the well-known Mark Lane Express and Associate
Agricultural Editor of the famous New York ''Tribune''. This phase
Agricultural Editor of the famous New York Tribune. This phase
of Olcott's life concluded with the outbreak of the American Civil
of Olcott's life concluded with the outbreak of the American Civil
War.
War.
Line 2,820: Line 2,699:
He was captured and sentenced to be hanged. The Virginians
He was captured and sentenced to be hanged. The Virginians
were determined that no Northerner should witness the hanging,
were determined that no Northerner should witness the hanging,
but the New York Tribune wanted someone on the spot. Olcott
but the New York ''Tribune'' wanted someone on the spot. Olcott
volunteered to go. When he got to Charlestown, he realized he
volunteered to go. When he got to Charlestown, he realized he
had forgotten to claim his trunk which had a New York label
had forgotten to claim his trunk which had a New York label
Line 2,828: Line 2,707:
gave and fetched the trunk from the Court House. Some fourteen
gave and fetched the trunk from the Court House. Some fourteen
years later, Olcott wrote a spirited account of what he had witnessed,
years later, Olcott wrote a spirited account of what he had witnessed,
which is a masterpiece of reportorial writing.<ref>tCol. Olcott’s account is entitled “How We Hanged John Brown.” It was published in the weekly Magazine New India, New Series, November 17, 1928. It is evident from the text itself that the account was penned fourteen years after the event. In spite of considerable research, it has not been possible to ascertain which American newspaper or magazine published it in the first place, or what was the source from which New India republished it.</ref>
which is a masterpiece of reportorial writing.<ref>Col. Olcott’s account is entitled “How We Hanged John Brown.” It was published in the weekly Magazine ''New India'', New Series, November 17, 1928. It is evident from the text itself that the account was penned fourteen years after the event. In spite of considerable research, it has not been possible to ascertain which American newspaper or magazine published it in the first place, or what was the source from which ''New India'' republished it.</ref>


Olcott’s passion for liberty drove him to enlist in the Northern
Olcott’s passion for liberty drove him to enlist in the Northern
Line 2,883: Line 2,762:
the first National Insurance Convention, he prepared Notes which
the first National Insurance Convention, he prepared Notes which
were published in two volumes. They have served as a standard
were published in two volumes. They have served as a standard
work on insurance and the Insurance Journal’s opinion was that
work on insurance and the ''Insurance Journal’s'' opinion was that
“no addition to insurance literature more valuable than this compact
“no addition to insurance literature more valuable than this compact
octavo has yet been published.” He drafted an insurance statute
octavo has yet been published.” He drafted an insurance statute
Line 2,904: Line 2,783:
One day in July of 1874, while working in his New York law
One day in July of 1874, while working in his New York law
office, Olcott had a sudden urge to investigate contemporary Spiritualism.
office, Olcott had a sudden urge to investigate contemporary Spiritualism.
He purchased a copy of the Boston Banner of Light and
He purchased a copy of the Boston ''Banner of Light'' and
read in it the account of the curious phenomena which were then
read in it the account of the curious phenomena which were then
taking place at the Eddy farmhouse in the township of Chittenden,
taking place at the Eddy farmhouse in the township of Chittenden,
Line 2,914: Line 2,793:


Upon his return to New York, Olcott was persuaded by the New
Upon his return to New York, Olcott was persuaded by the New
York Daily Graphic to return to Chittenden and to write a series
York ''Daily Graphic'' to return to Chittenden and to write a series
of articles for that paper, with sketches to be made by an artist.
of articles for that paper, with sketches to be made by an artist.
Olcott returned to the Eddys’ Homestead Sept. 17th; his articles
Olcott returned to the Eddys’ Homestead Sept. 17th; his articles
Line 2,920: Line 2,799:
his stories were sold for as much as a dollar a copy. A number
his stories were sold for as much as a dollar a copy. A number
of Publishers competed for the right to put these. reports in book {{Page aside|509}}fo1m, and they were finally published in March, 1875, under the
of Publishers competed for the right to put these. reports in book {{Page aside|509}}fo1m, and they were finally published in March, 1875, under the
title of *People from the Other W odd by the American Publishing
title of *''People from the Other World'' by the American Publishing
Company of Hartford, Conn., illustrated by Alfred Kappes and
Company of Hartford, Conn., illustrated by Alfred Kappes and
T. W. Williams.
T. W. Williams.
Line 2,926: Line 2,805:
Olcott stayed at Chittenden until early November, 1874, and,
Olcott stayed at Chittenden until early November, 1874, and,
as is well known, met H.P.B. who had come there on October 14th
as is well known, met H.P.B. who had come there on October 14th
accompanied by a French Canadian lady.<ref> Olcott, Old Diary Leaves, I, 1-5, 10. </ref>
accompanied by a French Canadian lady.<ref> Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, 1-5, 10.</ref>


Such was the background of the future President-Founder of The
Such was the background of the future President-Founder of The
Line 2,939: Line 2,818:
career, from 1874 to after H.P.B.’s passing in May of 1891, are
career, from 1874 to after H.P.B.’s passing in May of 1891, are
chronologically listed (with source references) in the special Chronological
chronologically listed (with source references) in the special Chronological
Surveys appended to every Volume of the Collected Writings,
Surveys appended to every Volume of the ''Collected Writings'',
and therefore will not be repeated here. A few special points,
and therefore will not be repeated here. A few special points,
however, require elucidation, as they cannot be clearly outlined
however, require elucidation, as they cannot be clearly outlined
in any brief Chronological Survey.
in any brief Chronological Survey.


The role played by Col. Olcott in the production of Isis Unveiled
The role played by Col. Olcott in the production of ''Isis Unveiled''
is fully explained in the Introductory portion of the edition of
is fully explained in the Introductory portion of the edition of
this work which is part of the present Series of Collected Writings.
this work which is part of the present Series of ''Collected Writings''.
The Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, First and Second
The ''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom'', First and Second
Series, transcribed and annotated by C. Jinarajadasa, should also
Series, transcribed and annotated by C. Jinarajadasa, should also
be consulted for various sidelights on the early period of Theosophical
be consulted for various sidelights on the early period of Theosophical
Line 2,980: Line 2,859:
in which A. 0. Hume was so active. A considerable number of his
in which A. 0. Hume was so active. A considerable number of his
lectures on the great religions and allied subjects were issued as
lectures on the great religions and allied subjects were issued as
A Collection of Lectures on Theosophy and Archaic Religions
''A Collection of Lectures on Theosophy and Archaic Religions''
(publ. by A. Theyaga Rajier, F.T.S., Madras, 1883. 218 pp.); a
(publ. by A. Theyaga Rajier, F.T.S., Madras, 1883. 218 pp.); a
revised and enlarged ed. under the title of Theosophy, Religion
revised and enlarged ed. under the title of ''Theosophy, Religion and Occult Science'' was published by Geo. Redway in London in
and Occult Science was published by Geo. Redway in London in
1885.<ref>Col. Olcott’s literary activity was very considerable. Most of his contributions were in the nature of articles and essays on a great variety of occult and theosophical subjects, published in the early days in the ''Spiritual Scientist'' of Boston, Mass., and the London ''Spiritualist'', and from October, 1879, in the pages of ''The Theosophist''. A few scattered articles and reviews appeared in other, non-theosophical journals. Olcott also translated into English Adolphe d’Assier’s renowned work ''I’Humanite posthume'' under the title of ''Posthumous Humanity. A Study of Phantoms'' (London: Geo. Redway, 1887), to which he added an Appendix showing the popular beliefs current in India respecting the ''post-mortem'' vicissitudes of the human entity.</ref>
1885.<ref> Col. Olcott’s literary activity was very considerable. Most of his contributions were in the nature of articles and essays on a great variety of occult and theosophical subjects, published in the early days in the Spiritual Scientist of Boston, Mass., and the London Spiritualist, and from October, 1879, in the pages of The Theosophist. A few scattered articles and reviews appeared in other, non-theosophical journals. Olcott also translated into English Adolphe d’Assier’s renowned work I’Humanite posthume under the title of Posthumous Humanity. A Study of Phantoms (London: Geo. Redway, 1887), to which he added an Appendix showing the popular beliefs current in India respecting the post-mortem vicissitudes of the human entity. </ref>


Olcott's contribution towards the revival of Buddhism in Ceylon
Olcott's contribution towards the revival of Buddhism in Ceylon
Line 3,012: Line 2,890:
life of the country took place, in the form of a resurgent love for
life of the country took place, in the form of a resurgent love for
the native religion, language and culture. This was mainly due to
the native religion, language and culture. This was mainly due to
the Buddhist school-movement, the Sinhalese newspaper Sarasavi
the Buddhist school-movement, the Sinhalese newspaper ''Sarasavi Sandaresa'' and the English journal ''The Buddhist'' which had been
Sandaresa and the English journal The Buddhist which had been
started. On his three successive trips to Ceylon, Olcott organized
started. On his three successive trips to Ceylon, Olcott organized
educational institutions where Buddhist children would not be
educational institutions where Buddhist children would not be
Line 3,038: Line 2,915:


His most outstanding work for the sake of Buddhism was the
His most outstanding work for the sake of Buddhism was the
writing of a Buddhist Catechism which was first published in {{Page aside|512}}Sinhalese on July 24, 1881. It was acceptable to the various sects
writing of a ''Buddhist Catechism'' which was first published in {{Page aside|512}}Sinhalese on July 24, 1881. It was acceptable to the various sects
of the religion and became a standard text for teaching Buddhism
of the religion and became a standard text for teaching Buddhism
to children on approved lines-a book that has gone through more
to children on approved lines-a book that has gone through more
Line 3,087: Line 2,964:
him from K.H., he is flatly warned against permitting his suspicions
him from K.H., he is flatly warned against permitting his suspicions
and resentment against some of H.P.B.’s “follies” to bias
and resentment against some of H.P.B.’s “follies” to bias
his intuitive loyalty to her. He is reminded that “With occult
his intuitive loyalty to her. He is reminded that ''“With occult matters she has everything to do''... She is ''our direct agent''...”<ref>Letter received on board the ''SS Shannon'', Aug. 22, 1888. Cf. ''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom'', First Series, Letter 19.</ref>
matters she has everything to do... She is our direct agent...”<ref>Letter received on board the SS Shannon, Aug. 22, 1888. Cf. Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, First Series, Letter 19.</ref>


The careful perusal of the correspondence between Olcott and
The careful perusal of the correspondence between Olcott and
Line 3,101: Line 2,977:
him of the Coulomb troubles resulted in his trying to play down
him of the Coulomb troubles resulted in his trying to play down
the existence of both the Masters and occult phenomena, a fact
the existence of both the Masters and occult phenomena, a fact
which was pointed out by K.H. in a message to H.P.B.<ref>Ibid., Second Series, pp. 68-69, quoting an excerpt from a memorandum in H.P.B.’s handwriting in the Adyar Archives.</ref>
which was pointed out by K.H. in a message to H.P.B.<ref>''Ibid., Second Series'', pp. 68-69, quoting an excerpt from a memorandum in H.P.B.’s handwriting in the Adyar Archives.</ref>


On the positive side of Olcott’s character, we must bear in mind
On the positive side of Olcott’s character, we must bear in mind
Line 3,110: Line 2,986:
truth,” she said, “were all the critics of our President in general,
truth,” she said, “were all the critics of our President in general,
less learned, yet found reaching more to the level of his all-forgiving
less learned, yet found reaching more to the level of his all-forgiving
good nature, his thorough sincerity and unselfishness.<ref>“The Original Programme of The Theosophical Society,” a Manuscript signed by H.P.B. and dated by her Ostende, Oct. 3rd., 1886. Cf. Collected Writings, Vol. VII, pp. 135 et seq.</ref> Further on in the same manuscript she says that
good nature, his thorough sincerity and unselfishness.<ref>“The Original Programme of The Theosophical Society,” a Manuscript signed by H.P.B. and dated by her Ostende, Oct. 3rd., 1886. Cf. ''Collected Writings'', Vol. VII, pp. 135 et seq.</ref> Further on in the same manuscript she says that


“... ‘truth does not depend on show of hands’; but in the case
“... ‘truth does not depend on show of hands’; but in the case
of the much-abused President-Founder it must depend on the
of the much-abused President-Founder it must depend on the
show of facts. Thorny and full of pitfalls was the steep path he
show of ''facts''. Thorny and full of pitfalls was the steep path he
had to climb up alone and unaided for the first years. Terrible
had to climb up alone and unaided for the first years. Terrible
was the opposition outside the Society he had to build-sickening
was the opposition outside the Society he had to build-sickening
Line 3,126: Line 3,002:
conviction that he was doing his duty. What other inducement
conviction that he was doing his duty. What other inducement
has the Founder ever had, but his theosophical pledge and the
has the Founder ever had, but his theosophical pledge and the
sense of his duty toward THOSE he had promised to serve to
sense of his duty toward {{Style S-Small capitals|Those}} he had promised to serve to
the end of his life? There was but one beacon for him-the
the end of his life? There was but one beacon for him-the
hand that had first pointed to him his way up: the hand of the
hand that had first pointed to him his way up: the hand of the
MASTER he loves and reveres so well, and serves so devotedly
{{Style S-Small capitals|Master}} he loves and reveres so well, and serves so devotedly
though occasionally perhaps, unwisely.....for cleverer in administrative
though occasionally perhaps, unwisely.....for cleverer in administrative
capacities, more learned in philosophy, subtler in
capacities, more learned in philosophy, subtler in
Line 3,160: Line 3,036:
but his doubts on this subject were never altogether resolved. His
but his doubts on this subject were never altogether resolved. His
own individual relation to the E.S. is fully clarified by the following
own individual relation to the E.S. is fully clarified by the following
passage from the E.S.T. Circular of November 1894, entitled {{Page aside|515}} "By Master's Direction" wherein on page 3 W. Q. Judge writes:
passage from the ''E.S.T. Circular'' of November 1894, entitled {{Page aside|515}} "By Master's Direction" wherein on page 3 W. Q. Judge writes:


“....Colonel Olcott is the old standard-bearer, and has been the medium for teaching, himself having Chelas whom he has instructed, but always on the lines laid down by the Master through H.P.B. ∴ He was selected by the Master to do a certain and valuable work not possible for anyone else, and he was never taken into the E.S. by a pledge, for, like myself, he was in the very beginning pledged directly to the Master.”  
“....Colonel Olcott is the old standard-bearer, and has been the medium for teaching, himself having Chelas whom he has instructed, but always on the lines laid down by the Master through H.P.B. ∴ He was selected by the Master to do a certain and valuable work not possible for anyone else, and he was never taken into the E.S. by a pledge, for, like myself, he was in the very beginning pledged directly to the Master.”  
Line 3,175: Line 3,051:
her pupils have to look for results. After watching results for
her pupils have to look for results. After watching results for
a whole year and finding a great satisfaction expressed with her
a whole year and finding a great satisfaction expressed with her
teachings I consented last summer while in London,<ref>This is an error. H.P.B.’s appointment of Col. Olcott as confidential agent for the E.S. in Asiatic countries is dated London, December 25, 1889.</ref> to be her intermediary for Asiatic countries, to forward documents and correspondence. This is all my connection with the Section, and this in my private, not my public capacity. The Society is quite neutral in all such matters.”<ref>Madras Times, Sept. 15, 1890. Letter addressed to the Editor of the lndi.an Daily News.</ref>
teachings I consented last summer while in London,<ref>This is an error. H.P.B.’s appointment of Col. Olcott as confidential agent for the E.S. in Asiatic countries is dated London, December 25, 1889.</ref> to be her intermediary for Asiatic countries, to forward documents and correspondence. This is all my connection with the Section, and this in my private, not my public capacity. The Society is quite neutral in all such matters.”<ref>''Madras Times'', Sept. 15, 1890. Letter addressed to the Editor of the ''lndian Daily News''.</ref>


Circumstances connected with Olcott’s attempted resignation from
Circumstances connected with Olcott’s attempted resignation from
Line 3,191: Line 3,067:


Soon after H.P.B.’s death Olcott decided to begin publishing in
Soon after H.P.B.’s death Olcott decided to begin publishing in
The Theosophist-the oldest Theosophical Journal-monthly installments
''The Theosophist''-the oldest Theosophical Journal-monthly installments
of a historical outline intended to describe the formation
of a historical outline intended to describe the formation
of the T.S., his early association with H.P.B. in the U.S.A.,
of the T.S., his early association with H.P.B. in the U.S.A.,
and the gradual growth of the Movement. The first installment of
and the gradual growth of the Movement. The first installment of
these reminiscences which were to be entitled Old Diary Leaves
these reminiscences which were to be entitled ''Old Diary Leaves''
appeared in The Theosophist, Vol. XIII, March, 1892, and the
appeared in ''The Theosophist'', Vol. XIII, March, 1892, and the
First Series was concluded in Vol. XV, September, 1894, with the
First Series was concluded in Vol. XV, September, 1894, with the
description of the Founders' departure for India.<ref>A second edition of Vol. I appeared in 1941, published this time, as was the case with all the later volumes, by The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India.</ref> An “Oriental
description of the Founders' departure for India.<ref>A second edition of Vol. I appeared in 1941, published this time, as was the case with all the later volumes, by The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India.</ref> An “Oriental
Line 3,216: Line 3,092:
she refused unless he expunged portions distasteful to her. This
she refused unless he expunged portions distasteful to her. This
he declined to do, and the volume was published in 1895 by G.
he declined to do, and the volume was published in 1895 by G.
Putnam's Sons, London and New York.<ref>J. Ransom, Short History of The Theosophical Society, p. 294.</ref>
Putnam's Sons, London and New York.<ref>J. Ransom, ''Short History of The Theosophical Society'', p. 294.</ref>


Old Diary Leaves, in spite of many shortcomings and errors,
''Old Diary Leaves'', in spite of many shortcomings and errors,
must be considered Col. Olcott’s magnum opus. Without this work,
must be considered Col. Olcott’s ''magnum opus''. Without this work,
little would have been known of the history of the Theosophical
little would have been known of the history of the Theosophical
Society. Most of the text was written several years after the events
Society. Most of the text was written several years after the events
described, but on the basis of his personal Diaries, now in the {{Page aside|517}}Adyar Archives. Volume One, however, was largely written from
described, but on the basis of his personal ''Diaries'', now in the {{Page aside|517}}Adyar Archives. Volume One, however, was largely written from
memory as his Diaries for the period of 1874-78 had mysteriously
memory as his ''Diaries'' for the period of 1874-78 had mysteriously
vanished. Nevertheless, the first volume remains the most important
vanished. Nevertheless, the first volume remains the most important
and well written of them all.
and well written of them all.
Line 3,248: Line 3,124:
“’I know now, and it will comfort you to hear it; that I
“’I know now, and it will comfort you to hear it; that I
wronged Judge, not wilfully or in malice; nevertheless, I have
wronged Judge, not wilfully or in malice; nevertheless, I have
done this and I regret it.’ ...”<ref>The Word, New York, Vol. XXII, October, 1915, pp. 7-19, where an anonymous account was published under the title of “Colonel Olcott: A Reminiscence.”</ref>
done this and I regret it.’ ...”<ref>''The Word'', New York, Vol. XXII, October, 1915, pp. 7-19, where an anonymous account was published under the title of “Colonel Olcott: A Reminiscence.”</ref>


On September 25, Olcott embarked for India. When the ship
On September 25, Olcott embarked for India. When the ship
Line 3,288: Line 3,164:
their right to a Buddhist education, and renewed their national
their right to a Buddhist education, and renewed their national
consciousness which today has created a new and independent
consciousness which today has created a new and independent
nation.<ref>New York Herald Tribune, February 18, 1962.</ref>
nation.<ref>New York ''Herald Tribune'', February 18, 1962.</ref>


Offering flowers and burning incense, thousands of Ceylonese meditate on this yearly occasion and pray:
Offering flowers and burning incense, thousands of Ceylonese meditate on this yearly occasion and pray:
Line 3,295: Line 3,171:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Owen, Robert Dale}}'''. Statesman, social reformer and author, b. at Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1801; d. at his Summer home on Lake George, N. Y., June 24, 1877. Eldest son of Robert Owen and Ann Caroline Dale. Mother was the daughter of David Dale, proprietor of the cottonmills at New Lanark, where Robert Owen was beginning to put into practice his theory of social reform. Almost the whole of Robert Dale Owen’s life was spent in the U.S., and was shaped by his father’s influence. Possessed of much of his father’s gift for original and liberal thought in social matters, he added to it a practicality and patience all his own. Instructed in New Lanark school and by private tutors until the age of eighteen when for four years he attended the progressive {{Page aside|519}}institution of Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg, at Hofwyl, Switzerland, where his beliefs in human virtue and social progress were strengthened. Upon returning to his father’s cottonmill community, he took charge of the school and managed the factories in his father’s absence. Came to the U.S. with his father, November, 1825, where Robert Owen established a community at New Harmony, Ind., as an experiment in social reform. Robert Dale busied himself with teaching and editing the ''New Harmony Gazette''. After the experiment failed, in the Spring of 1827, he became interested in another somewhat similar venture, the Nashoba (near Memphis, Tenn.) community founded by Frances Wright and devoted to the gradual emancipation of slaves. He went to Europe with her, meeting a number of prominent personalities. Back in the U.S., he engaged for about two years in the work of the “Free Enquirers,” a group opposed to organized religion and advocating liberal divorce laws, industrial education and a more equal distribution of wealth. In June, 1829, he moved to New York and devoted much of his time to editing the ''Free Enquirer''; he took active part in various social and industrial reforms, meeting some degree of success as well as many obstacles. The work which he did in New York, promoting lectures, educational and health centers, and free-thinking publications, corresponded closely to the activities of his father, whom he joined in England in 1832. For a while, father and son were co-editors of ''The Crisis'', but Robert Dale soon returned to New Harmony and began a different cycle in his varied life. He served three terms in the Indiana legislature (183638) and was elected to Congress in 1842 as a Democrat, serving two terms (1843-47), but was defeated for a third. In 1845 he introduced the bill under which the Smithsonian Institution was constituted and insisted that the work of the Institution should include popular dissemination of knowledge as well as investigation. In 1853, President Pierce appointed Robert Dale Owen ''charge d’affaire'' at Naples, and two years later made him minister. It was in Italy that Owen became seriously interested in Spiritualism, publishing later his two works on this subject: ''Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World'' (1860), and ''The Debatable Land between This World and the Next'' (1872).
When Owen returned to America in 1858, he became one of the leading advocates of emancipation. His letter to the President, dated Sept. 17, 1862, published with letters to Chase and Stanton in a pamphlet, ''The Policy of Emancipation'' (1863), was credited by Secretary Chase with having “had more influence on him {{Page aside|520}}[Lincoln] than any other document which reached him on the subject.” In 1863, Owen was appointed chairman of a Committee to investigate the conditions of the freedman, out of which study grew his volume, ''The Wrong of Slavery'' (1864), an understanding treatment of the whole problem. Owen was opposed to the immediate enfranchisement of the Negro, advocating a plan whereby the suffrage should be granted freedmen after a period of ten years.
Besides the works already mentioned, Owen was the author of: ''Pocahontas: A Historical Drama'' (1837); ''Beyond the Breakers'' (1870), a novel; and many pamphlets on questions of public interest. In 1873-75, he contributed a number of autobiographical articles to the ''Atlantic Monthly''. The first of these (Jan.-Nov., 1873), covering his first twenty-seven years, were published in book form under the title, ''Threading My Way'' (1874).
Owen was married twice: on April 12, 1832, to Mary Jane Robinson, who died in 1871; and on June 23, 1876, to Lottie Walton Kellogg.
(Sources: Autobiogr. sketches, as mentioned above; G.B. Lockwood, ''The New Harmony Movement'' (1905); F. Podmore, ''Robert Owen: A Biogr''. (2 vols., 1906); L. M. Sears, “Robert Dale Owen as a Mystic,” ''Ind. Mag. of Hist''., March, 1928.)
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Pancoast, Dr. Seth}}'''. Born in Darby, Penna., July 28, 1823; d. in Philadelphia, Dec. 16, 1889. American physician, anatomist and Kabalist, descended from one of the settlers who came to America with William Penn; son of Stephen Pancoast, a paper manufacturer, and Anna Stroud. Preliminary education in local schools; first few years of adult life spent in business; began study of medicine when he was twenty-seven years old, in Oct., 1850, at the Univ, of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated M.D. in 1852. Became Prof, of Anatomy in the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania; resigned, however, at the end of first year, to become Prof, of Anatomy at the Pennsylvania Medical College, in which position he continued until 1859 when he became Prof. Emeritus.


Apart from his medical work, Pancoast became greatly interested in Kabalistic literature, in which field he became a noted scholar and built up what was considered to be the largest library of books dealing with the occult sciences ever assembled in U.S.A, at the time. He blended his Kabalistic studies with his medical knowledge, producing several rather remarkable works, such as: ''The Kabbala; or the True Science of Light'', New York: R. {{Page aside|521}}Worthington, 1877 and 1883; this book is said to have been the first written in English which attempted to explain the 10 Sephiroths and other similar subjects. It was followed by ''Blue and Red Light: or, Light and Its Rays as Medicine'', 1877, which, while dealing with the therapeutic value of light, has a great deal of Kabalah in it also.


Dr. Pancoast was married three times: first, to Sarah Saunders Osborn; second, to Susan George Osborn; third to Carrie Almena Farnald; his family included children by all three wives. He was elected Vice-President of The Theosophical Society and remained a member until his death. He also wrote for Spiritualistic papers under the pseudonyms of ‘‘Lex” and “Lex et Lux.” H.P.B. always spoke with great respect of his erudition, but when, as Col. Olcott says (''The Theos''., XIV, Nov., 1892, p. 72), “it came to putting theory to the test, by evoking the unseen elemental races which guard the threshold of knowledge, he confessed he lacked courage, though she [H.P.B.] frequently offered to assist in the ceremonies and, if necessary, face the worst of the phantoms alone.”
{{Vertical space|}}


'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Paracelsus, Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim (ca. 1490-1541)}}'''. *''Astronomia magna: oder die gantze Philosophia sagax dergrossen und kleinen Well''. Gedruckt bei Martin lechler, in Verlegung Hieronymus Feyerabends, Frankfurt, 1571. First ed. in British Museum 531.n.23.
{{Vertical space|}}


'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Pashkov, Countess Lydia Alexandrovna de}}'''. Russian woman-writer and traveller of the middle 19th century. She was ''née'' Glinsky and had been first married to Teleshov. She travelled extensively in Egypt, Palestine and Syria, and was at one time correspondent of the Paris ''Figaro''. Most of her works were written in French. Among them may be mentioned: ''La pension Vera Glinsky.—Un divorce en Russie.—Moeurs Russes'' (St. Petersburg, 1876-77).—''En Orient. Drames et Paysages'' (St. Petersburg, 1879).


Once when she was travelling between Baalbek and the river Orontes, probably around 1872, the Countess met H.P.B. and her caravan. They camped together near Deir Mar Maroon between the Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon. That night a Syrian ascetic who accompanied H.P.B. evoked the astral picture of an old priest who had been connected with the ancient temple, ruins of which were in the vicinity. They were also shown the place as it was when the temple stood there; a vast city spread then far and wide over the plains.
H.P.B. and Countess de Pashkov travelled together for a while, and various curious phenomena took place at the command of H.P.B.
{{Page aside|522}}
See H. S. Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, 334-35, for a quotation from the New York ''World'' of April 21, 1878, and ''The Theosophist'', Vol. V, April, 1884, p. 168.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Phillips, Wendell}}'''. American orator, writer and reformer, b. in Boston, Mass., Nov. 29, 1811; d. Feb. 2, 1884. Inherited not only a superb physique and family traditions of a high order, but also ample means. Educated at the Boston Latin School; graduated from Harvard, 1831. After three years at the Harvard Law School, he was admitted to the bar and opened an office in Boston, but was never enthusiastic about his profession. In 1837, he married Ann Terry Greene who soon became an invalid, but their domestic life was quite happy; they had no children.
Phillips early became identified with the anti-slavery movement, and was greatly encouraged in this by his wife. His great opportunity presented itself on Dec. 8. 1837, at a public meeting held in Faneuil Hall to protest against the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy, the abolitionist editor, at Alton, Ill. Phillips listened in the audience while James T. Austin, attorney general of the commonwealth, compared the assassins of Lovejoy to the Revolutionary patriots; then he responded with a stirring indictment of the outrage. His passionate eloquence caught the imagination of the audience which responded with cheers. Thus, at the age of twenty-six, he took his place in the front rank of the anti-slavery movement. His ability as an orator and his family prestige, as well as his charm and persuasive power, made him invaluable as a champion. Disregarding hostility from various quarters, he devoted himself to advocating other moral causes as well, such as prohibition, reform in penal methods, votes for women, and the labor movement. His denunciation of the moneyed corporations and his urging of the laboring class to organize to further its own interests were regarded by some as aberrations of a noble mind. Actually, Phillips had an unusually clear perception of national trends and was ahead of his time. He also showed himself as an uncompromising critic of academic conservatives. An omnivorous reader and a thorough scholar, he knew how to impart his knowledge in a simple and appealing way. He was an aristocratic-looking man, with a rich, persuasive voice and a graceful, self-assured manner. Like many other men who have stirred their country to eliminate evils of various kind, Phillips was frequently sharp of tongue and sometimes unfair to his opponents, but he was courageous, self-sacrificing and magnanimous, and has been called the “Knight- Errant of Unfriended Truth.”
{{Page aside|523}}
Among his many orations and speeches, there is one that stands out especially; its subject is “The Lost Arts” on which he spoke more than two thousand times. It is a speech which H.P.B. thought very highly of, and quoted from upon numerous occasions. It outlines some of the knowledge possessed by the Ancients and now lost.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-49)}}'''. *''Nevermore''.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Preamble and By-Laws of The Theosophical Society'''''. Pamphlet dated October 30, 1875, and printed in New York.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Randolph, P. B}}'''. See ''Appendix'' in Volume III of this Series.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Reade, W. Winwood (1838-1875)}}''', *''The Veil of Isis''. London: Chas. J. Skeet, 1861. 250 pp.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Rigveda.—Rigveda-Samhita'''''. Ed. by Max Müller (Samhita and pada texts in nagari). 2nd ed., London: Trübner & Co., 1877. 2 vols. 8vo.—Transl. by Müller and Herman Oldenberg. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1891, 1897. ''SBE'' XXXII, XLVI.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Rossetti, Gabriele Pasquali Giuseppe (1783-1854)}}''', *''Disquisitions on the antipapal spirit which produced the reformation''; its secret influence on the literature of Europe in general, and of Italy in particular. Transl. from the Italian by Miss Caroline Ward. London: Smith Elder & Co., 1834.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Rousselet, Louis (1845-1929)}}''', *''l’Inde des Rajahs''. Voyage dans l’Inde Centrale, Paris, 1875; Engl, transl. as ''India and its Native Princes''. London, 1878.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Salverte, Anne-Joseph Eusebe Baconniere de (1771-1839)}}'''. French politician and writer who was born and died in Paris. *''Des Sciences Occultes''; ou, Essai sur la magie, les prodiges et les miracles. Paris: Sedillot, 1829. 2 vols.; 2nd ed., Paris: J. B. Bailliere, 1843. —Transl. with Notes by Anthony Todd Thomson as *''The Occult Sciences. The Philosophy of Magic, Prodigies and Apparent Miracles''. London: A. Bentley, 1846; New York: Harpers, 1847, 1855.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Schwarzenberg, Prince Friedrich zu}}'''. Catholic ecclesiastic, b. at Vienna, April 6, 1809; d. March 27, 1885. Became a priest, 1833; Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, 1836; Cardinal, 1842; and Prince Archbishop of Prague, 1850. Occupied himself with trying to secure greater freedom of Church from State in Germany and Austria.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Sepher Yetzirah'''''. See Vol. VIII, p. 415, for particulars.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|524}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Shakespeare, John}}'''. English Orientalist, b. at Lount, August, 1774; d. 1858. Son of a small farmer; educated at a school kept by a clergyman who brought him to the notice of Marquis of Hastings, the lord of the manor; the latter sent him to London to learn Arabic. About 1805, he was appointed to an Oriental professorship at Royal Military College, Marlow; in 1809, he became professor of Hindustani in training college fur cadets opened by the East India Co.; retired in 1829. He was a very frugal man, unmarried, and set money aside. Chief works: ''Hindustani Grammar'', 1813; 6th ed., 1855.—*''A Dictionary: Hindustani and English'', 1817, 4th ed., 1849 (with Engl.-Hind, added).—''Introd, to the Hindustani Language'', 1845.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)}}''', *''Macbeth'', 1605-06.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Shamji Krishnavarma}}'''. See p. 437 in the present Volume.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Shimon ben Yohai}}'''. See Vol. VII, pp. 269-70, for particulars about his life and work.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Simmons, Charles Ezra}}'''. American physician, specializing in gynecology, b. at Troy, N. Y., Aug. 16, 1840; d. in New York, May 3, 1918. Son of Joseph Ferris and Mary Sophia Gleason, and great grandson of Albertus Simon, who was of Dutch extraction and settled in the colony of Rensselaerswyck, N. Y., on the Hudson River. His brother was a prominent New York financier. After three years at Williams College, 1857-60, Chas. Simmons entered Beloit College, Wis., where he graduated in 1861. He then spent a year at the University of Gottingen, Germany, and in 1862-63 studied at Jefferson medical college in Philadelphia; then he went to the college of physicians and surgeons at Columbia Univ., where he was graduated M.D., 1864. Thereafter he practiced at Troy and New York City where he had one of the largest practices. He was Commissioner of charities and corrections of New York, 1885-95. He was a man of energy and courage, a lover of people and animals, kindly in manner, and acquired a great many friends. He was a member of a great many medical and other societies. In 1865, he had married Sarah Ruby, daughter of Jacob Gould, a banker, a founder of Rochester, N. Y. and its first mayor. They had one son and two daughters.
Dr. Simmons, though an Episcopalian, was interested in various progressive movements; he was present at the formation of the Theos. Society, and became for a time one of its Councillors.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|525}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840-1921)}}'''. *''Incidents in the Life of Madame Blavatsky''. London: George Redway, 1886, xii, 324 pp.; 2nd ed., London: Theos. Publ. House, 1913, 256 pp. Somewhat abbreviated.—*''The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett'', and Other Miscellaneous Letters. Transcribed, Compiled and with an Introduction by A. T. Barker. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1924. xvi, 404 pp.—*''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'', 3rd & rev. ed., Adyar, Theos. Publ. House. 1962.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Slade, Dr. Henry}}'''. American medium principally known in connection with his slate-writing, and familiar to the mediumistic circles in Michigan as early as 1860. It was not, however, until his selection by the Blavatsky-Olcott committee that he first came to prominence. Information as to his birth and early life is lacking; he died in a private hospital in Michigan, in September, 1905.
Suspicions of fraud expressed by some of the observers at his ''seances'' have never been substantiated. On the other hand considerable testimony exists in corroboration of the genuineness of Slade’s mediumistic phenomena. In his paper, “The Possibility of Mal-Observation in Relation to Evidence of the Phenomena of Spiritualism,” read at a General Meeting of the Society for Psychical Research, July 5, 1886, C. C. Massey recounts a phenomenon produced by Slade in New York and witnessed by him in company with Col. Olcott, on the 14th of October. 1885. The phenomenon consisted in a chair, found to be free of all attachments, being raised and moved about, at Massey’s request, while the medium at a distance remained immobile and simultaneously observed. In the words of Massey: “No mediumistic phenomenon that I have witnessed has made stronger or more lasting impression upon me than this one” [''Proceedings'', S.P.R., Vol. IV, p. 81). Among those who came to acknowledge the reality of phenomena exhibited in Slade’s presence were Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, Serjeant Edward W. Cox, Dr. C. Carter Blake, Dr. George Wyld, Miss Kislingbury (in 1876, Secretary to the British National Association of Spiritualists), Prof. Zollner and his colleagues Fechner, Weber and Scheibner. In Russia, Grand Duke Constantine, Prof. Butlerov and A. N. Aksakov were among those converted to belief by experiments with Slade.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Solovyov, Vsevolod S. (1849-1903)}}'''. *''A Modern Priestess of Isis''. Translated from Russian into English (somewhat abridged) by Walter Leaf. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1895. See Vols. VI, p. 446, and VII, pp. 332-34, for particulars about Solovyov and his writings.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|526}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Sotheran, Charles}}'''. Author, Bibliographer and Scholar, b. at Newington, Surrey, England, July 8, 1847; d. in New York in 1902. Son of Charles and Frances Elise (Hirst) Sotheran, and relative of the famous London Booksellers of the same name. Educated in England in private schools and St. Marie’s College, Rugby. Married Mrs. Alice (Hyneman) Rhine, Oct. 17, 1893. Came to the U.S.A. in 1874, and began reportorial work on the New York ''World''. Was literary Editor of the New York Recorder and ''Star'', and Editor of the New York ''Echo'', a short-lived journal which he published for a time. Was connected with Sabin and Sons, Booksellers in New York, in the editing of their journal, ''The American Bibliopolist''. Later he was connected editorially with several other journals both in U.S.A, and England. Sotheran was a prominent Mason and representative in U.S.A, of the Swedenborgian Rite. He was the author of the following works: ''Alessandro di Cagliostro, Impostor or Martyr?'', 1875; ''Percy Bysshe Shelley as a Philosopher and Reformer'', New York, 1876; ''Horace Greeley, and Other Pioneers of American Socialism'', N. Y., 1892 and 1915; ''The Theatres of New York'', 1893. Also numerous separate bibliographies.
His rather fiery temperament kept him and his friends in a turmoil. He took active part in the founding of the Theosophical Society, hut only three months later made some inflammatory speeches at a political street meeting, to which H.P.B. strongly objected. Sotheran resigned from the T.S. in a huff, but six months later apologized for various critical and unfriendly remarks he had made, and was reinstated. This episode, however, should not prejudice the reader against Sotheran. He was a remarkable man in more ways than one, and his role in the work of the Society in its early stages of growth should not be judged by the above mentioned unfortunate episode. We have a source of interesting information about Sotheran as a man and thinker in Mrs. Laura C. Langford-Holloway’s account entitled “Helena Petrovna Blavatsky: a Reminiscence,” published in ''The Word'', New York, Vol. XXII, December, 1915, pp. 136-153, wherein she writes as follows:
“. . . Knowing as I did of the friendship existing between herself [H.P.B.] and Mr. Chas. Sotheran, one of the ablest newspaper writers ever in New York, a man of broad culture and a rarely noble character, I have sometimes wondered that her biographers have not manifested more interest in the man and his services to her. Mr. Sotheran was a member of the Rosicrucian Society, a Mason of exalted rank, and a writer versed in the history of all Oriental systems of religious thought. He {{Page aside|527}}was the originator of the word “Theosophy,” as the name for the new society, and he it was who introduced to Madame Blavatsky the scholarly men whose names are mentioned in connection with ''Isis Unveiled''. He was the most influential champion Madame Blavatsky possessed while living in New York, and he was an ideal friend—royally true and unvaryingly helpful. He was eager that she should be identified with the circle of literary people about her, for he felt a real admiration for her great mental ability, and desired that others should appreciate her. A spirit of self-depreciation that decreased her influence, he had noted, and this he tried to help her overcome. It was a defect in her character, this tendency to underrate her ability, and he urged her to combat it. He had little success in this effort, for she cared not at all for her accomplishments and only sought recognition in her occult work.
“It was often asserted—on what basis of proof I never knew —that Mr. Sotheran was acquainted with one, at least, of the Brotherhood of Adepts, and was, in some way, identified with their broad aims for the betterment of the race. And it was generally understood that he had met Madame Blavatsky abroad, and knew of the task she was undertaking in this country. He, at least, held an exalted view of her genius, and urged her to write, and deprecated her interest in religious “fads” as he characterized spiritism. He opposed public ''séances'' in an uncompromisingly bitter way. So strong was his hostility to the subject, that he would never engage in conversation on it, or kindred themes. Nor did he ever concur in the claim that Madame Blavatsky’s position required that she should investigate the matter thoroughly.
“His attitude was that she was a genuine occultist, with reasonable powers of mind, and had been trained to use them. And he often asserted that occultism was a noble study, and one about which the West did not know anything whatever.
“The services of this man to the Theosophical Society in its beginnings have never been justly recognized. He was a helper, without whom the work of society organization, of research work in connection with ''Isis Unveiled'', of securing a publisher for this work, and then of having it properly placed before the public, would not have been half so efficiently performed.
“Mr. Sotheran knew New York, and had a position among men that was unique. His life was singularly free of entanglements; he was most fortunately situated to enjoy his advantages  {{Page aside|528}}as a man of great ability and attainments, of ample financial resources, a bachelor, and one of a group of New Yorkers who lent character and dignity and prestige to the best circle of society.
“He was an admitted occultist, but was opposed to the prominence given occult phenomena on the ground that it could but add to the burdens imposed by the ignorant upon those who demonstrated laws they could not master. And he deplored the tendency of many about Madame Blavatsky to have her become the miracle-worker of the age. He spoke of her intellectual ability as of far greater value to the new Society than any mere psychic power she possessed, and he tried to counteract the influence of those who, appreciating her less, would have had her waste her time upon phenomena. A wise friend he was, and a true prophet, for he counseled her to discourage those who expected her to entertain them with signs and wonders, and to insist upon the serious study of the hidden forces of nature...”
This description, while showing ignorance of certain facts which pertain to the orders received by H.P.B. from her Superiors to work for a time with the outward Spiritualistic, Movement, gives nevertheless an interesting picture of Sotheran’s many-sided character and should be recorded here for posterity.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Stewart, Balfour (1828-87)}}'''. *''The Sun and the Earth''. In ''Science Lectures for the People''. Fourth Series, 1872-73, delivered in Manchester, England.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Talmud'''. Tide'' Vol. VIII, p. 416, for comprehensive data. Also art. by I. O. M. Deutsch in the ''Quarterly Review'' for October. 1867.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Tappan, Cora L. V.}} (later Tappan-Richmond)'''. American trancemedium of considerable renown. Under her maiden name of Scott she had very early made her appearance in the Spiritualistic Movement. At the age of thirteen she was already addressing audiences in Wisconsin; three years later she went to New York, and from that time onwards she became famous throughout the States as a Spiritualist lecturer. In 1873 she came to England, receiving there also an enthusiastic welcome. Her lectures and her poetry are supposed to have been delivered under spirit-inspiration. They show some degree of eloquence and surpass those of other trance-mediums in coherence and intelligence.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Textor de Ravisi, Baron Anatole-Arthur}}'''. French Catholic Orientalist, b. at Bourges, 1822; d. in Paris, 1902. Actively {{Page aside|529}}engaged, 1847-52, in the colonization of the Island of Réunion, and in 1853-63 in developing the maritime commerce of Karikal, India; was for a while Governor of that city, but resigned in 1864 and became engaged in financial transactions. Works: ''Architecture hindoue'', etc., 1870-7-1.—''Âme et corps, d’après la théologie égyptienne''.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood}}'''. Electrical engineer, b. at Kentish Town, London, England, April 6, 1828; d. at Cromwell House, Bexley Heath, Kent, Sept. 2, 1883. He was the son of Cornelius Varley, watercolor-painter, and was named after two of his ancestors, Oliver Cromwell and General Fleetwood. He was educated at St. Saviour’s, Southwark. After leaving school he studied telegraphy, and was engaged in 1846 by the Electric and International Telegraph Co. in whose employ he remained until 1868, when he retired, spending much of his time producing new inventions.
The first improvement he introduced in telegraphy was the “killing” of the wire by giving it a slight permanent elongation; next he devised a method of localizing the faults in submarine cables; in 1854, he patented the double current key and relay, by which it became possible to telegraph from London to Edinburgh direct; then came the polarized relay, and his translating system for use in connection with the cables of the Dutch lines. In 1870, he patented an instrument called cymaphen, for the transmission of audible signals, and it is claimed for him that it contained the essentials of the modern telephone. Thus, one year before the date of the Bell patent, namely in 1870, music was transmitted by this instrument from the Canterbury Music Hall in Westminster Bridge Road to the Queen’s Theatre in Long Acre over an ordinary telegraph wire with complete success.
Varley’s name is chiefly remembered in connection with the Atlantic cable; the first cable, laid in August, 1858, was a failure. Varley conceived the idea of making an artificial line composed of resistances and condensers, which should exactly represent the working conditions of a submarine cable. This paved the way to further and successful attempts at Trans-Atlantic telegraphy. In 1871, Varley was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He is the author of various technical papers on electricity, etc., mainly in the ''Philosophical Transactions'' and the ''Electrician''.
By his first wife, from whom he was divorced, Varley had two sons and two daughters; his second wife was Jessie, daughter of Captain Charles Smith of Forres, Scotland. His two brothers, Frederick Henry and Samuel Alfred, were also inventors. Varley was buried at Christ Church, Bexley.
{{Page aside|530}}
Varley’s interest in Spiritualism dates from about 1850. He undertook experiments which showed that the phenomenon of table-rapping was not due to any detectable electrical or magnetic force. He later developed an electrical control designed to detect any attempt by the medium to leave his or her assigned position under cover of ''séance''-room darkness; this was used in the investigation of Florence Cook and other mediums (''see The Spiritualist'', London, March 20, 1874); Varley maintained in this connection that his apparatus showed that Miss Cook was not only in the dark chamber while “Katie King” was in sight, but also perfectly quiescent. Varley testified before the Dialectical Society in 1869, relating his positive success with D. D. Home. He himself experienced numerous psychic manifestations in his own home, believed himself to be possessed of mesmeric healing power, and observed a number of apparitions. His wife demonstrated clairvoyance and prophetic trance.
(Rf.: ''Times'', Sept. 3 and 11, 1883; ''Engineering'', Sept. 7, 1883; ''Telegraphic Journal'', Sept. 15, 1883; ''Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London Dialectical Society'', etc. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer, 1871, pp. 157-72.)
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Ventura di Raulica}}'''. See Vol. VII, p. 400 for information.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Vihiva Pûnnûttee Sùtra or Bhâgvati Sutra'''''. Publ. by Ookerdhaboy Shewjee, Bombay, 1877.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Vishnu Bawa Brahmâchâri}}'''. *An Essay in Marathi (unidentified).
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Volney, Constantin Francois Chassebeuf, Comte de}}'''. French ''savant'', b. at Craon (Maine-et-Loire), Feb. 3, 1757; d. in Paris, April 25, 1820. Was at first surnamed Boisgirais from his father’s estate, but assumed the name of Volney. Spent some four years in Egypt and Syria, publishing his ''Voyage en Égypte et en Syrie'' in 1787. Was a member of both the States-General and of the Constituent Assembly. In 1791 appeared his ''Les Ruines, ou méditations sur les révolutions des empires'', an essay on the philosophy of history. Volney tried to put his politico-economic theories into practice in Corsica. He was thrown into prison during the Jacobin triumph, but escaped the guillotine. He went to the U.S.A., 1795, where he was accused of being a French spy, and returned to France, 1798. He was not a partisan of Napoleon, but served him in the senate. Became a member of the Institute, 1795.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Wachtmeister, Countess Constance (1838-1910)}}'''. *''Reminiscences of H. P. Blavatsky and “The Secret Doctrine.”'' London: Theos. {{Page aside|531}}Publ. Soc.; New York: ''The Path''; and Madras: Theos. Soc., 1893. 162 pp. ''Vide'' Vol. VI, p. 448, in the present Series, for detailed biographical data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Wagner, Prof. Nikolay Petrovich (1829-1907)}}'''. See Vol. VI, p. 449, for biographical data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Westbrook, Judge R. B}}'''. No definite information is available about him. He was for a time a Professor of Philology at a British University, it would seem. He was made one of the Councillors of the T.S., and became a Vice-President of it in 1877. H.P.B. had a high regard for him, but it is not clear what became of him at a later date.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Wilder, Dr. Alexander}}'''. Distinguished physician, author and Platonic scholar, b. at Verona, Oneida Co., N.Y., May 14, 1823; d. at Newark, N.J., September 8, 1908. Descendant of a New England family which came from Lancaster, England, to Massachusetts Bay in 1638. Sixth son of Abel and Asenath (Smith) Wilder, and the eighth child of a family of ten. Educated at first in the common schools of New York state. Being precocious beyond years, started teaching school at fifteen, studying by himself the higher branches of mathematics and the classics, to which were added later French, Hebrew and political science. The circumstances of the deaths of several of his father’s family demolished his confidence in current medical methods, and he began studies in medicine, in order to render himself as far as possible independent of physicians. Meantime, he worked at farming and type-setting, reading medicine with local physicians, and was awarded in 1850 a diploma by the Syracuse Medical College. Became then a general practitioner, lecturing for about two years on anatomy and chemistry in the college. After several assignments as Editor of various dailies, he settled in New York City and became, 1858, a member of the editorial staff of the ''Evening Post'' with which he remained connected for thirteen years. Despite his repeated refusals, Dr. Wilder was made to accept in 1873 a professorship of physiology in the Eclectic Medical College of New York, but left there in 1877 on account of internal dissensions and dishonest practices beyond his control. From 1878-83, he taught psychology at the U. S. Medical College, until it went out of existence by a decision of the courts. In 1876, he became secretary of the National Eclectic Medical Association, and held the office until 1895, meantime editing and publishing nineteen volumes of its ''Transactions'', besides contributing extensively {{Page aside|532}}to its literature. However, to quote Dr. Wilder’s own words: “…my observation of medical colleges is not favorable to them as schools of morals or as promoters of financial probity. The more there is professed, the less it seems to be believed . . . physicians boasted loudly then, as now, of being a learned body and invoked special legislation to protect them from competitors . . .” He allowed himself to become for a while a subject in such experimentations, and had abundant reasons, as he says himself, to regret this. He was influenced to a very considerable extent by the study of Swedenborg, and later by the writings of General Hitchcock on Alchemy and Hermetic Philosophy. He experienced a number of radical changes in his religious views, identified himself for a time, together with his brothers, with several religious movements of a revivalist kind, but finally grew out of them and into a sphere of spiritual freedom, and became an outstanding—yet, unfortunately, not well recognized—exponent of Platonism and the Hermetic Philosophy. A strong individuality brings with it into life a forgotten knowledge of its real work, but it takes often many years to bring it out into the open.
In 1882, Dr. Wilder attended the School of Philosophy at Concord, Mass., and a year later took part in the organization of the American Akademe, a philosophic society holding meetings at Jacksonville, Ill. He edited its journal for four years, contributing many monographs on such subjects as: “The Soul,” “Philosophy of the Zoroasters,” “Life Eternal,” “Creation and Evolution,” and others. He also made a translation from the Greek of the Dissertation of lamblichus ''On the Mysteries of the Egyptians'' (orig. publ. in ''The Platonist''; issued in book form in 1911 by The Metaphysical Publ. Co., New York).
Dr. Wilder wrote a number of most scholarly and illuminating articles in ''The Evolution'', a Journal published in New York, on such subjects as: “Bacchus the Prophet-God” (June, 1877), “Paul, the Founder of Christianity” (Sept., 1877), “Paul and Plato,” and others. He contributed philosophical essays to ''The Metaphysical Magazine'' of New York around 1894-95, and wrote extensively on various metaphysical and Platonic subjects for ''The Word'', from 1904 on. One of the most valuable pamphlets issued by him is entitled ''New Platonism and Alchemy'': A Sketch of the Doctrines and Principal Teachers of the Eclectic or Alexandrian School; also an Outline of the Interior Doctrines of the Alchemists of the Middle Ages (Albany, N.Y., 1869). H.P.B. quoted many passages from the various writings mentioned above, and expressed her delight  {{Page aside|533}}over the attitude of Dr. Wilder towards the subjects of which they treat.
In addition to various essays on medical subjects, such as Thought, Cerebration, the Ganglionic Nervous System, Vaccination as a medical fallacy, and others, Dr, Wilder wrote a ''History of Medicine'' (New Sharon, Main: New England Eclectic Publ. Co., 1901. 946 pp. Index), and contributed invaluable Notes and Comments to special editions of the works of other scholars, such as: ''Ancient Symbol-Worship'' by Westropp and Wake (Boston, 1874); ''Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology'' by R. Payne Knight (New York, 1876).
Dr. Wilder contributed a good deal of material to the section of ''Isis Unveiled'' entitled “Before the Veil,” the circumstances of which are fully explained in the Introductory chapter to the edition of that work forming an integral part of the present Series. He was a staunch friend of both H.P.B. and Col. H. S. Olcott, and had a very high regard for their work. Dr. Wilder was a tall man, spare of person, with a massive head and piercing eyes; he spoke fluently, was an omnivorous reader, and possessed a remarkable memory. His many-sided writings should someday be compiled into a uniform edition and published for the benefit of present-day scholars who are quite unaware of his intuitive insight into so many different regions of thought.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Wimbridge, Edward}}'''. An English architect in New York, who with Miss Rosa Bates accompanied the Founders to India. He was an artist and carved on wood the first cover of ''The Theosophist'' in October, 1879. He also etched on copper a portrait of H.P.B. When Miss Bates quarrelled with Emma Coulomb and the Founders, and left them, Mr. Wimbridge went with her. “Since then, a furniture manufacturing business, for which I helped him, along with the late K. N. Seervai, to find the capital, enriched him, but I have never heard that his thirst for spirituality, survived the shock. He made the best furniture in India, however.” (H. S. Olcott in ''The Theosophist'', Vol. XIX, Aug., 1898, p. 703.) He died at Bombay, May 13, 1898.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Windthorst, Ludwig (1812-1891)}}'''. German Catholic statesman at Hanover, and leader of the Party of the Center; Minister of Justice, 1862-65; elected to Reichstag in 1867.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Wittgenstein, Prince Emil-Karl-Ludwig von Sayn-}}'''. (Spelled with only one “t” in Russia.) Russian Lieutenant-General who belonged to a Princely House (now extinct) which was a branch of the {{Page aside|534}}German family Sayn-Wittgenstein-Barleburg. He was born in 1824. In 1845, he accompanied Prince Alexander of Hesse to the Caucasus; in 1848, he took part in the war against Denmark; then entered Russian service, and soon became aide-de-camp to Prince Vorontzov, Viceroy of the Caucasus, where he took part in the military operations. In 1862, he was attached to the Grand-Duke Konstantine Nikolayevich in Warsaw, Poland. During the Turkish War with Russia, 1877-78, he was in the suite of the Emperor. He died in 1878. He was a close friend of H.P.B. and her family, and became one of the earliest and most earnestly interested members of the T.S. As appears from an Editorial Note by H.P.B. in ''The Theosophist'' (Vol. IV, March, 1883, pp. 141-42), Prince von Wittgenstein received, for some reason or other, special protection from the Brothers in times of great danger.
Aside from poetry, he wrote ''Kavalerie-Skizzen'' (Darmstadt, 1859) and ''Deutschland in die Schranken'' (Darmstadt, 1860).
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Yarker, John (1833-?)}}''', *''Notes on the Scientific and Religious Mysteries of Antiquity'', etc., 1872; 2nd ed., New York: J. W. Bouton, 1878.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Zhelihovsky, Vera Petrovna de}}''', younger sister of H. P. Blavatsky, b. at Odessa, Southern Russia, April 17/29, 1835; d. May 5/18, 1896. She was first married to Nikolay Nikolayevich de Yahontov (1827-58) which accounts for the fact that some of her writings are signed with the letter “Y”; some years after the death of her husband, she married Vladimir Ivanovich de Zhelihovsky. She had two sons by her first marriage, and one son (who died in infancy) and three daughters by the second. (For details consult the Genealogical Table in the present Volume.)
As the years went by, she became widely known in Russia and some European countries as a writer of children’s stories, and as an unusually clever contributor to various Russian periodicals. At certain periods in her life, her financial circumstances were strained, and she was able to supplement her slim income by writing, which in her day was not an easy thing for a woman in Russia to do. She was a person of great courage and tireless energy.
Among her many stories, some of which appeared serially in Russian magazines and others were later published in book-form, the following may be mentioned: ''Prince Iliko: Young Caucasian Prisoner; In a Tatar Hangout; Caucasian Legends'' (St. Petersburg, 1901); ''Adventures'' (1898); ''Stars: Christmas Stories for Children; {{Page aside|535}}The Czar and the Cossack'' (Moscow, 1904); ''Spring Dawn'' (St. Petersburg, 1904); ''Yermolov in the Caucasus'' (St. Petersburg, 1889).
Those especially interested in H.P.B.’s family background, are grateful to her sister for having written a most valuable and authentic biographical sketch of their mother, under the title of “Helena Andreyevna von Hahn: Romantic Writer.” It was published in the well-known Journal ''Russkaya Starina'' (Russian Old Days), Vol. 53, March, 1887, pp. 733-66, and should sometime be published in English.
Madame de Zhelihovsky published several essays concerned with H.P.B.’s life; these should be considered an important source material, as she kept a diary and was very careful about her statements and their chronological sequence. The most valuable of these writings is her serial article entitled “The Truth about H. P. Blavatsky” (Pravda o Yelene Petrovne Blavatskoy) which appeared in the journal called ''Rebus'' (Vol. II, 1883: Nos. 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48) and was later circulated in pamphlet form. It deals with H.P.B.’s early years and recounts a number of interesting psychic experiences. It is from this account that A. P. Sinnett quotes at considerable length in his ''Incidents in the Life of H. P. Blavatsky'' (London and New York, 1886). He is in error, however, with regard to his source of information, and this error should be corrected.
When Sinnett was writing his account of H.P.B.’s life, a project with which H.P.B. herself was by no means in sympathy, he pressed her for various information and data. H.P.B. therefore translated into English most of her sister’s story above referred to, in order to provide Sinnett with the facts which he sought. As stated by Sinnett himself (p. 6 of the Introductory to his book), H.P.B.’s sister had recently revised and corrected her story specifically for the purpose in view. It appears that “the ''Rebus'' . . . was committed deeply to certain rigid views concerning the origin and cause of such phenomena as those with which it dealt. This led to some mutilation of the narrative at the time of its publication, but the authoress has now endeavoured to restore it as far as possible to its proper shape, with the help of the original manuscript, which she had preserved, and from which portions missing from the periodical have now been translated.”
H.P.B.’s translation is quite lengthy; it is in her own handwriting and is preserved in the Archives of the Theosophical Society at Adyar, India. It may be said to be an almost exact {{Page aside|536}}translation of the printed Series to which have been added those passages which, apparently, the Editor of ''Rebus'' thought fit to eliminate. In addition, H.P.B. has added here and there some sentences of her own and a few footnotes, a fact which is quite obvious from their context and style, one or two of them being even signed “Translator.” Some of the sheets on which H.P.B. wrote have various notes scribbled and crossed out on their reverse side; however, after close scrutiny, these have been proved to be duplications, draft-translations, and occur in a far better form in the main text.
When some short excerpts from this translation were published in ''The Theosophist'' (Vol. XLVII, March and May, 1926), C. Jinarájadása stated in a prefatory note that he had received it from Miss Francesca Arundale; it may well be that the latter got it from Sinnett while in London, and if so, that would account for the fact that this translation of Vera Petrovna’s text is not complete in the Archives; the beginning of the story is missing, and the MS starts from that part which tells about H.P.B.’s father and his “Voltairian” tendencies. Writing to Sinnett, H.P.B. refers to this translation and incidentally identifies the source of the material (See ''The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett''. pp. 149, 155).
While Sinnett does mention the ''Rebus'' essay by its actual title, he also refers to certain “Personal and Family Reminiscences” put together by Madame de Zhelihovsky and from which he intends to quote, but actually did not. Vera Petrovna de Zhelihovsky wrote in 1884 an entirely different series of articles entitled “The Inexplicable or the Unexplained: From Personal and Family Reminiscences.” These were also published in the ''Rebus'' (Vol. Ill, Nos. 43-48; Vol. IV, Nos. 4-7, 9-11, 13-14) and consist of an outline of various mediumistic and psycho-mental phenomena which took place in the life of the author in Russia. Some of them are quite remarkable, and to some extent similar to those which took place in H.P.B.’s early youth. The Series gives some interesting sidelights about various members of the family, among them Peter A. von Hahn, H.P.B.’s and Vera’s father. But there are very few references to H.P.B., and the Series does not contain any of the material wrongly ascribed to it by Sinnett. H.P.B. herself makes a passing reference to this Series in her ''Letters to Sinnett'', pp. 155-56, and briefly quotes from it. Beyond that one quoted passage, this later Series is not included in Sinnett’s book.
Another outline of H.P.B.’s life and character was written by {{Page aside|537}}her sister for the ''Russian Review'' (Russkoye Obozreniye) under the title of “H. P. Blavatsky: A Biographical Sketch,” and appeared in November and December, 1891 (Vol. VI, pp. 242-94, 567-621). It has considerable historical value. It appeared in French in the pages of the ''Nouvelle Revue'' of 1892, and was almost completely translated into English and published in ''Lucifer'' (Vols. XV and XVI, Nov., 1894—April, 1895).
Another biographical sketch in Russian was appended to the Russian edition of H.P.B.’s ''Mysterious Tribes of the Blue Hills'' and ''The Durbar in Lahore'' (St. Petersburg: V. I. Gubinsky, 1893). It was translated into English by Kirk and Lieven and published in ''The London Forum'' (incorp. ''The Occult Review''), Vols. LX, LX1, LXII, Dec., 1934-July, 1935.
We have two other accounts from the pen of Vera Petrovna which are of great interest; they deal with her own early years in Russia, and provide fascinating glimpses into the family background and the customs of the day. One of them is entitled ''When I was Small'' (Kak ya bila malen’koy) and is an account of her childhood up to her seventh year (2nd rev. and enl. ed., St. Petersburg: A. F. Devrient, 1894, 269 pp., fig.), and another is ''My Adolescence'' (Moyo otrochestvo), a continuation of the subject into later years (St. Petersburg: Ed. Off. of “Readings for Children,” 1893, 295 pp.; 3rd ed., ca. 1900; 4th ed., 1902). Many of H.P.B.’s own rather vague dates and facts pertaining to her early years can be verified or corrected by these two books.
Valuable accounts concerning some of H.P.B.’s startling occult phenomena are provided by Vera Petrovna in her articles in ''Rebus'', July 15 and 22, 1884; also No. 50 of 1884; ''Novosti i Birzhevaya Gazeta'', June 13 and 20, 1889; and her outspoken reply to V. S. Solovyov’s hostile book, her own title being ''H. P. Blavatsky and a Modern Priest of Truth'' (St. Petersburg, 1893).
A most cordial affection existed throughout the years between H.P.B. and her sister Vera. If Madame de Zhelihovsky did not always understand the real “H.P.B.,” she nevertheless always trusted her and defended her to the very last. It has been said that the mental suffering which she experienced when Solovyov attacked H.P.B. broke down her health and hastened her death. She felt very keenly the injustices under which W. Q. Judge suffered and defended him whenever she could do so. She travelled several times to Western Europe to visit H.P.B. and their reunions meant always a great deal to both of them.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|538}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''Zohar''''', or ''Midrash ha-Zohar'' and ''Sepher ha-Zohar''. See Vol. VII, p. 402, for complete data about Hebrew text and translations.
{{Vertical space|}}


'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Zollner, Johann K. F. (1834-82)}}'''. *''Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen''. Leipzig, 1878-81. 4 vols. ''Vide'' Vol. V, pp. 265-67, for bio-bibliographical data.


{{Footnotes}}
{{Footnotes}}
Retrieved from "https://en.teopedia.org/lib/Special:MobileDiff/25203...29439"