Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.2): Difference between revisions

'''Temple, Sir Richard'''. British statesman and writer, b. March 8, 1826: d. at Heath Brow, Hampstead, March 15, 1902. Educated at Rugby and Haileybury. Went to India, 1847, and was chosen Secretary to the Panjâb Government; chief assistant to the financial members of the Council, James Wilson and Samuel Laing, 1860; Resident of Hyderabad, 1867, and in 1868, foreign secretary to the Government of India. In 1874-77, was Lieutenant-General of Bengal and active in combating famines. From 1877 to 1880 (when he retired), he was Governor of Bombay. Upon returning to England, was in Parliament, 1885-95, and became Member of Privy Council upon his retirement. Author of: Men and Events of my Time in India, 1882.—The Story of my Life, 1896.—Oriental Experiences, 1883.

'''Tschudi, Johann Jacob von'''. Swiss traveller and naturalist, b. at Glarus, 1818; d. 1889. Studied at Leyden and Paris. Went to Peru, 1838, where he spent five years investigating the natural history and ethnography of the country. Settled in Austria and was from 1866 to 1883 Swiss ambassador, first at Vienna and later in Brazil. His writings deal mainly with Peruvian fauna, the Quichua language and Peruvian antiquities; among these valuable works are: Die Kechua Sprache, Vienna, 1853, 3 vols.—Kulturgeschichte und sprachliche Beiträge zur Kenntniss des alten Peru, Vienna, 1891.— Reisen durch Südamerika, Leipzig, 1866-69.

'''Turgenyev, Ivan Sergueyevich (1818-83)'''. *Fathers and Sons, 1862.

'''Turnour, George (1799-1843)'''. English Orientalist, bom in Ceylon; eldest son of George Turnour, first Earl of Waterton. Educated in England; entered Ceylon Civil Service, 1818, and soon became a renowned Pâli scholar, devoting his attention to the native records of the Island. He was the first to publish authentic facts as to the origin and progress of the Buddhist religion in Ceylon. His earliest contributions to the Ceylon Almanack were derived chiefly from the Mahâvansa, and were later published as the Epitome of the History of Ceylon compiled from Native Annals (1836). He then followed with The Mahâwanso, in Roman characters and with translation (Ceylon, Cotta Church Mission Press, 1837), the first Pâli text to be translated. Tumour’s important discovery was the identification {{Page aside|547}}of King Piyadassi, the promulgator of the celebrated rockedicts, with King Asoka. He frequently contributed essays to the Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal on Buddhist history and Indian chronology. He rose to the Supreme Council of Ceylon, and retired on acc. of health, 1841-42. He died at Naples, April 10, 1843.

'''Tyndall, John (1820-93)'''. *On Science and Man, Birmingham, 1877. Presidential Address at the Birmingham and Midland Institute; 31 PP·

'''Ulloa, Antonio de (1716-95)'''. Spanish naval officer, traveller and scholar; author of Relación histórica del viaje a América Meridional, etc., Madrid, 1748.

'''Ulrici, Dr. Hermann (1806-84)'''. *Über den Spiritismus als wissen-schajtliche Frage (Spiritualism as a Scientific Question), Halle, 1879.

'''Vamadeva Modelyar'''. Quoted passage concerning the pralaya occurs also in Isis Unveiled, II, 273-74, and The Secret Doctrine, I, 37677, and appears to have been taken from L. Jacolliot’s works. Otherwise untraced.

'''Vania, K. F'''. *Madame H. P. Blavatsky, her Occult Phenomena and the Society jor Psychical Research. Bombay: Sat Publ. Co., [1951]. xvi, 488 pp.

'''Vega, Garcilaso de la (ca. 1535-1616)''', called “Inca.” Historian of Peru, born at Cuzco. His father, Sebastian Garcilaso (d. 1559), was a cadet of the illustrious family of La Vega, who had gone to Peru in the suite of Pedro de Alvarado; and his mother was of the Peruvian blood-royal, a circumstance which gave him the right to the title. He moved to Spain, 1560. After long service in the army, he turned to literature. His fame depends upon his La Florida del Ynca, a history of the De Soto expedition, which was published in 1605, and his history of Peru entitled Commentarios Reales que tratan de origen de los Yncas, Part I of which appeared in Lisbon in 1608 or 1609, while Part II was publ. in Cordova in 1617. This work has been translated into several languages and utilized by men like Prescott and Robertson in their histories. A more recent ed. of this work is that of Lima (1918-21) prepared by H. H. Urteaga.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Vendidad'''. See The Zend-Avesta. Translated by James Darmesteter Part I. SBE IV.

'''Vincent de Beauvais (or Vincentius Bellovacensis) (ca. 1190—ca. 1264)'''. French encyclopaedist of the middle ages, probably a native of Beauvais. Very little is known of his career, except that at one time he held the post of “reader” at the monastery of Royaumont (Mons Regalis), not far from Paris, on the Oise. He is the author of the monumental Speculum. Majus, the great compendium of all the knowledge of the middle ages, comprising the entire scope of the then known sciences and arts. One cannot speak too highly of the immense industry of the author in collecting, classifying and arranging the three huge volumes of 80 books and 9,885 chapters. More than six centuries passed before the idea was again resuscitated; and even then it required a group of brilliant Frenchmen to do what the old Dominican did apparently unaided. This magnum, opus is divided into: a) Speculum- Naturale; b) Speculum Doctrinale; and c) *Speculum Hisloriale, to which was added at a later epoch: d) Speculum Morale, most likely of the 14th century.

'''Vulpian, Edme-Felix-Alfred'''. French physician, b. at Paris, Jan. 5, 1826; d. there May 18, 1887. Entered the Bureau Central, 1857, and the Agrégation, 1860. Substituted for Flourens at the Museum for three years. Appointed, 1867, Prof, of pathological anatomy at the Faculté de Médecine, and to the chair of comparative and experimental pathology in 1872. Dean of the Faculté, 1875. Member of the Institut, 1876. Made numerous discoveries in the domain of anatomy, physiology of nervous system and experimental pathology. Author of: Leçcons sur la physiologie générale et comparative du système nerveux, Paris, 1866.—Maladies du système nerveux, Paris, 1879. 2 vols.

'''Wade, Sir Claude Martine'''. British military man, b. 1794; d. Oct. 21, 1861. Son of Lt.-Col. Joseph Wade of the Bengal army. As a cadet in the Bengal service, 1809, learned various vernaculars of India, and in 1812 obtained his commission as ensign in the 45th regiment of native infantry. Served in the Pindari campaigns, 1816-19, and as brigade-major at Oude, 1820-22. Soon became political assistant at Ludhiana and was involved in the native in- surgence against the British led by the Râjâ of Bhurtpore. As Captain, succeeded, 1825, in convincing Ranjit Singh of the sincerity of the British Government. In 1827 was entrusted with the entire charge of British dealings with the Maharaja, and for seventeen years remained instrumental in keeping harmony between the British and the Sikhs. Distinguished himself during the Afghân wars, being promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and knighted. Retired from service, 1844, and promoted to the rank of Colonel, 1854.

'''Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913)'''. *Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection. A Series of Essays. London and New York: Macmillan & Co., 1870.—*On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism. Three Essays. London: J. Burns, 1875; 2nd ed., London: Trubner & Co., 1881.

'''Weber, Albrecht (1825-1901)'''. Eide Vol. V. pp. 383-84, of present Series for biogr. data.

'''Whitworth, George Clifford (d. 1917)'''. *Personal Statement of Religious Beliefs. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co., 1880. Pamphlet of 18 pp.

'''Wilson, Horace Hayman'''. English physician and Orientalist, b. in London, Sept. 26, 1786; d. May 8, 1860. Educated in his native city; trained in St. Thomas’ Hospital and went to Calcutta, 1808, in the medical service of the East India Co., where he was attached to the Mint. Became an ardent student of Sanskrit. Was Secretary to the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1811-33; assay-master of Calcutta Mint, 1816-32; Secretary to the Committee of Public Institutions. While in India, started his vast program of translations from the Sanskrit with Kalidasa’s Meghaduta, 1813. Upon returning to England in 1832, became Boden Prof, of Sanskrit at Oxford, 1833, Librarian of India House, 1836, Director of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1837-60. Wilson was the greatest Sanskrit scholar of his time, besides being a linguist, historian, chemist, numismatist, actor, musician and accountant—a man of immense learning and untiring energy. Besides translating the Rigveda (q.v.), he produced a Sanskrit-English Dictionary, a work on the Theatre of the Hindus, a Sanskrit Grammar and a complete translation of the Vishnu-Purana (edited by Fitzedward Hall. London: Triibner & Co., 186470) which has been greatly used by H.P.B. in her works. He is also the author of *Essays and Lectures chiefly on the Religion of the Hindus (Coll, and ed. by Dr. Reinhold Rost). London, 1862. 2 vols.

'''Wundt, Wilhelm Max'''. German psychologist and philosopher, b. at Neckarau (Baden), Aug. 16, 1832; d. at Grossbothen near Leipzig, Aug. 31, 1920. Studied medicine at Tübingen, Heidelberg and Berlin. Began to lecture at Heidelberg, 1857; became, 1875, professor of philosophy at the Univ, of Leipzig, where he founded an institute for experimental psychology, the precursor of many similar institutions, and engaged in important research and teaching until 1917. Wundt was a man of encyclopaedic learning who knew how to correlate his {{Page aside|550}}varied knowledge into a unified system of thought. He was a voluminous writer on physiology, psychology, logic and ethics. Among his works mention should be made of the following: Volkerpsy-chologie (1900-20, 10 vols.); System der Philosophic (1889 and 1919); Ethic (1886 and 1923-24); he also edited the Philosophische Studien (20 vols., 1881-1902) and the Psychologische Studien (10 vols., 1906-17). Wundt was on close terms with the famous Theodor Fechner.

H.P.B. refers to Wundt’s pamphlet: *Der Spiritismus. Offener Brief an Herrn Prof. Dr. Hermann Ulrici im Halle, Leipzig, 1879. 8vo. 31 pp.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Yasna'''. See The Zend-Avesta. Part III. Translated by L. H. Mills. SBE XXXI.

'''Yule, Sir Henry'''. British military man and writer, son of Maj. Wm. Yule in East India Service, b. at Inveresk, near Edinburgh, May 1, 1820; d. in London, Dec. 30, 1889. Educ. High School, Edin., Addiscombe and Chatham. Joined Bengal Engineers, 1840; served in Khasia Hills, Assam, and in both the Sikh Wars. Deputy consultant engineer for the railways, and Secretary to Col. A. Phayre’s mission to Ava, 1855. Was in Allahabad during the Mutiny. Member of the Council of India, 1875-89. Author of: Narrative of the Mission to the Court of Ava, 1855.— Glossary of Anglo-Indian Words, or Hobson-Jobson, 1886.—Cathay, and the Way Thither, London, 1866; also 1913-16.—*Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, etc. Newly transl. and ed., with Notes, by Col. H. Yule. London: J. Murray, 1871; 2nd ed., 1875; 3rd ed., 1902; repr., 1929; also in Universal Library, New York, 1931. This work has been greatly used by H.P.B. mainly in Isis Unveiled.

'''Zarate, Augustine de'''. Spanish historian of the middle and later part of the XVIth century. He was for some years Comptroller of Accounts for Castile, after which he was sent to Peru to bring order to colonial finances. He went in the train of the viceroy Blasco Nunez, and found himself very soon entangled in the meshes of various political intrigues and civil discord. He nevertheless acquitted himself successfully in several difficult missions and, upon returning to Spain, was made Superintendant of the Finances in Flanders. Back in his native country, Zarate undertook to write a historical account of Peru, beginning with its discovery and ending with the events which he himself had witnessed. He intended it to be published after his death, but when it was submitted to the Emperor, it received such commendation that the author consented to give {{Page aside|551}}it to the press. Accordingly, it was published at Antwerp in 1555, under the title of Historia del discubrimiento y conquista de la provincia del Perú. Other editions were printed in Venice, 1563, and Sevilla, 1577. The work is authoritative and has been translated into several languages.

'''Zola, Émile Édouard Charles Antoine (1840-1902)'''. *L’Assommoir, 1878.—*Nana, 1880.