Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.5): Difference between revisions

'''Cox, Ross (1793-1853)'''. *Adventures on the Columbia River, etc. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1831. 2 vols.; 3rd ed. entitled The Columbia River, etc., 1832.

'''Crowe, Catharine Stevens (Miss C. Crowe)'''. English authoress, b. 1800, at Borough Green, Kent; d. 1876. Lived chiefly in Edinburgh. Her novels show much skill and ingenuity in the development of the plot. Among them: Adventures of Susan Hopley, 1841; The Story of Lilly Dawson, 1847; Linny Lockwood, 2 vols. Lond , 1854. Best known for her work *The Night Side of Nature, or Ghosts and Ghost Seers, 2 vols. London: T. C. Newlv, 1848; also 1852, 1882 and 1904.

'''Csoma de Koros, Alexander (Sandor)'''. Hungarian traveller and Tibetan scholar, b. Apr. 4, 1784, at Kôrôs, Transylvania; educated, College of Nagy-Enyed; later at Gottingen; studied Oriental languages. His dream was to discover original home of Magyars, in Asia. Went, 1820, to Egypt, Teheran, and Little Bokhara, disguised as Armenian; settled, 1827-30, at Buddhist monastery of Kanam, near Tibet, studying Tibetan; found that lamas knew very little on Magyar problem. Went to Calcutta to study Sanskrit; attracted attention of British scholars. Catalogued some 1,000 Tibetan volumes in the library of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal. Prepared, 1834, his Tib. Gram., and a Dictionary, still standard works; wrote on Tib. literature in Asiatic Researches. Went to Western confines of China, bent on original pursuit; died at Darjiling, Apr. 11, 1842. (See Th. Duka, Life and Works of A. C. de Kôrôs, London, 1885). Works: *A Grammar of the Tibetan Language, in English. Prepared under the patronage of the Gov. for the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1834, xii, 204 pp. 4vo. Essay towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English. Prepared with the assistance of bandé Sangs-Rgyas Phun-Tshogs, a learned lama of Zangskâr. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1834, 351 pp. 8vo.

'''Cunningham, Sir Alexander'''. English soldier, archaeologist, anthor, b. 1854, at Westminster, son of the poet Allan Cunningham; d. 1893. Studied at Addiscombe; went to India, 1883, as second lieut. of Bengal engineers; appointed aide-de-camp to Lord Auckland, 1836; in milit. and eng. service, 1836-46; field eng. in Sikh war, {{Page aside|373}}1846-48; as lieut. col., appointed chief eng. of Burma, 1856; similar post in N. W. Prov., 1858; ret. as major-general, 1861. Until 1865 and 1870-85, Director General of the Indian Archaeological Survey, editing its *Reports (23 vols., 1871-86). Made extensive explorations and drawings, gathered most valuable collection of Ind. coins, conducted important researches in the history of Buddhism as revealed by its architecture. Lahore Museum contains his coll, of Graeco-Buddhist sculptures, arranged by J. Lockwood Kipling. Works: Bhilsa Topes: or Buddhist monuments of Central India. London: Trübner & Co., 1871. 8vo; no more publ. —*Corpus Ancient Geography of India. Part I, The Buddhist Period. London: Smith & Elder, 1854,— *Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Calcutta, 1877, etc. 4vo.

'''Dalton, Col. Edward Tuite'''. *Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1872. 4to.

'''Diodorus Siculus'''. Greek historian born at Agyricum, Sicily, contemporaneous with Julius Caesar and Augustus. In early life, travelled in Asia, Africa and Europe. On his return, settled at Rome, where he published his Historical Library, in 40 books, after thirty years of labor. This work covers 1138 years, up to the end of Caesar’s Gallic war, but only a small portion of it remains. — Greek text ed. by Wesseling, Amst., 1746. 2 vols., folio. Parallel Greek and English trans, by C. H. Oldfather, London: Wm. Heinemann ; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1933. 10 vols. Loeb Class. Libr.

'''Ennemoser, Joseph'''. Austrian medico-philosophic writer, b. Nov. 15, 1787, at Hintersee, Tyrol; d. Sept. 19, 1854, at Egern. Fought against French, 1809 and 1813-14. Took M.D. at Berlin, 1816. Prof, of medicine at Univ, of Bonn, 1819. Practiced at Innsbruck, 1837-41, then moved to Münich. Became widely known by using hypnotism. Elaborated teaching concerning animal magnetism. Works: Der Magnetismus in Verhältnisse zur Natur und Religion. Stuttgart and Tübingen: J. G. Cotta, 1842. xvi, 272 pp. 8vo. — Geschichte der Magie. Leipzig, 1844. 8vo. {The History of Magic. Trans, by W. Howitt, with Appendix on apparitions, etc. Bohn's Scientific Library, 1854, etc. 8vo.) — Anleitung zur mesmerischen Praxis. Stuttgart and Tübingen, 1852. 8vo.

'''Ennodius, Magnus Felix'''. Latin Church Father, b. ca. 473, at Arles or Milan; d. 17 July, 521, at Pavia. Early became an orphan. Educated by aunt at Milan, then married wealthy woman and lived lavishly. After severe illness, entered priesthood; wife became nun. Went to Rome, 496, and became noted. Was first to address Bishop of Rome as Pope. Succeeded Maximus as Bishop of Pavia, 511. Twice sent as Messenger to Emperor Anastasius with plan of reuniting {{Page aside|374}}Eastern and Western Churches. Best known as champion of Papacy, especially in exemption from all human jurisdiction; maintained that God alone judged Popes [See Symmachus].

'''Fa-Hien or Fa-Hsien'''. Chinese Buddhist monk and traveller. Native of Wu-yang, province of Shansi. Travelled extensively, 399-414 A.D., in India, Khotan and Tibet, in company with Hui King and other Chinese pilgrims. From Khotan, journeyed through Kashmir, etc., to Central India, reaching there in 405, after six years of wandering. Remained in India ten years, seeking complete copies of Vinayapitaka, and compiling information regarding Buddhism and its founder’s life. Then went to Ceylon, where he copied many sacred texts, and to Java, whence he returned home, 414. Died in Sin Monastery at 88 years of age. Author of Fo-kue-ki, a journal of his travels (trans, by Herbert E. Giles. London: Triibner and Co.; Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1877; also Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1923; trans, by James Legge. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886; trans, by Samuel Beal. London: Trubner and Co., 1869).

'''Glanvill, Joseph'''. English divine, b. 1636, at Plymouth; d. Nov. 4, 1680, at Bath. Grad, from Exeter College, Oxford, 1655; MA., Lincoln Coll., 1658, becoming chaplain to Francis Rous, provost of Eton. Rector at Wimbish, Essex, 1660. Friend of Henry More, though not a Platonist himself. One of the first Fellows of Royal Society. Rector of Abbey Church, Bath, 1666. Chaplain in ordinary to Charles II, 1672. Tried to find empirical ground for belief in supernatural, and defended witchcraft. Formed, with Henry More, an association for “psychical research” and investigated various phenomena. Accepted More’s theory of pre-existence of souls. Prolific writer. Author of: The Vanity of Dogmatizing. London, 1661. 8vo. Contains anticipations of electric telegraph. — Lux Orientalist or, an inquiry into the opinion of the Eastern Sages concerning the Pre-existence of Souls, etc., 1662. 8vo. — Saddu- .cismus Triumphatus: or full and plain evidence concerning witches and apparitions. Done into English by A. Horneck. London, 1681. 8 vo.

'''Gougenot Des Mousseaux, Le Chevalier Henry-Roger'''. French writer, b. at Coulomniers (Seine-et-Marnes), April 22, 1805; d. Oct. 5, 1878. Trained in diplomacy. Served at the Court of King Charles X. Retired to his native town, during revolution of 1830, and devoted himself to archaeological, religious and spiritistic studies. Ardent Catholic and prolific writer, whose passion for accumulating factual data from the civilizations of the past, was used to great advantage by H. P. B. in her discussions of magic. Works: Dieu et les Dieux. Paris: Laguy freres, 1854. 8vo. Often considered as his chief work. — Moeurs et Pratiques des {{Page aside|375}}Demons. Paris, 1854; 2nd rev. ed. Paris, 1865. — La Magie au XIXe Siècle, ses agents, ses vérités, ses mensonges. Paris: H. Plon, E. Dentu, 1860. 8vo; augm. ed. Paris, 1864. — Les Hauts Phénomènes de la Magie, précédés du spiritisme antique. Paris: H. Plon, 1864. 8vo. — Le Juif, le Judaïsme et la Judaisation des peuples chrétiens. Paris: H. Plon, 1869. 8vo; 2nd ed. Paris: F. Wattelier, 1886. Very scarce. This work produced a veritable sensation abroad and was trans, into various languages. It is asserted that its copies were systematically destroyed, and that Des Mousseaux’s death, under somewhat mysterious circumstances, which followed soon after the publication of this work, had some connection with it.

'''Herschel, Sir John Frederick William (1792-1871)'''. *Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects. London and New York: Alexander Strahan and Co., 1866. xii, 507 pp.

'''Herschel, Sir William (1738-1822)'''. *On the Nature and Constitution of the Sun and Fixed Stars. London, 1801. 24 pp. (Cent, in a book entitled Dr. Stewart’s Geometrical Propositions—Demonstrated after the manner of the Ancients. Trans, from Latin).

'''Holbach, Baron Paul Henry Thiry d'. (1723-1789; pseud. Jean Baptiste de Mirabaud)'''. *Système de la Nature, ou des lots du monde physique et du monde moral. London, 1770. 2 pt. 8vo; trans, by Samuel Wilkinson. London: P. Davidson, 1820-21. 3 vols.

'''Homer. *Iliad'''. Many editions. Consult: The Original Iliad, text and trans., ed. by Robinson Smith. London: Grafton and Co., 1938. — The Iliad, text and trans., London: The Nonesuch Press. 1931.

'''Huxley, Prof. Thomas H. (1825-1895)'''. *“Unwritten History”, Macmillan s Magazine (London and New York; Macmillan and Co.), Vol. XLVIH (May, 1883), pp. 26-41.

'''Jackson, John William'''. *Lectures on Mesmerism, delivered at the Rotunda, Dublin. Dublin, 1851. 12°.

'''James, William (1842-1910)'''. *Essays in Popular Philosophy. New York, 1897.

'''Jinârjadâsa, C.''' *Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom. Second series. Transcribed and Annotated by C. J. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Chicago: The Theosophical Press, 1926. 205 pp. facs. — *Did Madame Blavatsky Forge the Mahatma Letters? Adyar, Madras: Theos. Publishing House, 1934. 55 pp. 30 ill.

'''Kardec, Allan''' (pseud, of Hippolyte-Léon-Denizard Rivail). French Spiritist writer, b. at Lyon, 1803: d. 1869. Son of lawyer, interested {{Page aside|376}}from youth in philosophy and science. His interest in mediumistic phenomena contributed greatly to the spread of spiritism in France. Founded a school of such studies and built up religious and moral dogmas based on spirit manifestations. Works: Le Ciel et VEnfer, ou la Justice Divine selon le Spiritisme, Paris, 1865. — *Le Livre des Esprits, Paris, Saint Germain-en-Laye (printed), 1857. 8vo. Also 1860, 1861. — *Spiritisme Expérimental, Le Livre des Médiums, etc. Paris, 1861. 8vo. 2nd ed. 1862; 6th ed. 1863 Experimental Spiritism. Book on Mediums. Trans, by E. A. Wood. Boston, 1874. 8vo. Also trans, by A. Blackwell, London, 1876. 8vo. — L’Évangile selon le Spiritisme. 10th ed. Paris, 1876.

'''Katyayana'''. “Descended of Kati,” ancient Hindu philosopher and writer, possibly of the 3rd century B. C., author of several treatises on ritual, grammar, etc. Wrote *Vârttikas (See App. p. 368) or critical annotations on the aphorisms of Panini, on the Yajur-veda Prâtisâkhya, and the Srauta-sutras. He is often identified with Vararuchi, the author of Prâkrita-prakâsa.

'''Kern, Jan Hendrik Caspar'''. Dutch Orientalist, b. April 6, 1833, in Java, of Dutch parents; d. 1917. Educated at Utrecht, Leiden and Berlin, where he was pupil of Albrecht Weber. For some years professor of Greek at Maestricht, then same at Benares, 1863, and at Leiden, 1865. Works: Geschiedenis van het Buddhismus in Indie. Haarlem: H. D. Tjeenk Willink, 1882-84. 2 vols. 8vo. (German trans, by H. Jacobi. Leipzig: O. Schulze, 1882-84). — *Over de Jaartelling der zuidelijke buddhisten en de gedenkstukken van Açoka den buddhist. Amsterdam: Royal Academy of Sciences, 1873. 20 pp. — The Saddharmapundartka, or the Lotus of the True Law. Trans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884. Sacred Books of the East, vol. 21.

'''Khunrath, Henry (also Klinrath)'''. German alchemist and hierophant of the “Magnum Opus,” b. at Leipzig, ca. 1560. Graduated at Medical Univ, of Basel, and practised in Hamburg and Dresden, where he seems to have died in poverty, 1601 or 1605. Follower of Paracelsus and the Hermetists. Most important work is Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae solius verae, Christiano- Kabbalisticum, divino-magicum, etc., an unfinished work which appeared after his death with preface and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt (Hanoviae: Giulielmus Antonius, 1609. fol. 2pts. French trans., Paris: Chacornac, 1898. 2 vols. 8vo. 12 plates). The twelve plates of Vol. II are of particular importance; the work is very scarce and plates are often missing. It is an occult treatise describing the seven steps leading to universal knowledge. H. P. B. speaks of Khunrath as being “a most learned kabalist, and the greatest authority among mediaeval occultists” (art. “Kabâlistic {{Page aside|377}}Views on ‘Spirits’ as Propagated by the Theosophical Society,” Religio-Philosophical Journal, Chicago, Vol. XXIII, January 26, 1878, p. 2). The above work, and other treatises on occult subjects, are in the holdings of the British Museum.

'''Kingsford, Dr. Anna Bonus (1846-1888)''' and Edward Maitland (1824-1897). *A Letter Addressed to the Fellows of the London Lodge of The Theosophical Society, by the President and a VicePresident of the Lodge. Contains also section entitled “Remarks and Propositions Suggested by the Perusal of Esoteric Buddhism," by Edward Maitland, and an Open Letter from Dr. A. B. Kingsford to Col. Henry S. Olcott, dated Oct. 31, 1883. Privately printed by Bunny and Davis, Shrewsbury, England, Dec., 1883. 39 pp.

'''KUMARILA (or KUMÂRILASW AMIN, KUMÀRILABHATTA, TUTATA)'''. Hindu philosopher and commentator of the Mîmânsâ School, fl. in Southern India at the end of the 7th and the first half of the 8th century A. D. Wrote a commentary, the Tantra-Vârttika. on the bhâshya of Sabaraswâmin bearing upon the Mimânsâ-Sùtras of Jaimini. His work is very erudite and violently anti-Buddhistic.

'''Lévi, Éliphas (1810 - 1875)''' — Pseud, of Alphonse Louis Constant). *Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. Paris: G. Baillière, 1856. 2 vols. English trans, by Arthur E. Waite as Transcendental Magic, Its Doctrine and Ritual. With a Biographical Preface. Chicago: Laurence, Scott and Co., 1910.

'''Levy-Bing, L.''' *La Linguistique Dévoilée, Paris, 1880. 4to.

'''Lillie, Arthur (1831-?)'''. *Buddha and Early Buddhism. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1882. xiv, 256 pp., ill.

'''Mâdhava - Vidyâranya'''. Renowned Vedantic scholar and teacher, native of Tuluva, Southern India (fl. 1368-91 ).Kanarese Brâhmana, known also as Ânandatirtha, Bhagavatpâda and Madhu, and by his religious name of Vidyâranya (forest of knowledge). Elder brother of Sâyana, the great Vedic commentator. In 1368, acted as minister for King Bukka I (1350-79) of Vijayanagara. Died as abbot of the Sringeri monastery, where he succeeded Bhâratàtîrtha. Best known works are: Sarva-darsana- samgraha, or “compendium of all the Philosophical Systems,” wherein the author with remarkable mental detachment places himself in the position of an adherent in each case, describing some 15 systems; Jaiminîya-mâla-vistara(known also as *Adhikarana-ratna-mâlâ (See App. p. 362), important comm, on the Mimânsâ Sutras of Jaimini; *Samkaradigvijaya, a panegyric of Samkara in verse (See App. p. 367) and the Panchadasi, the most popular explanation of Adwaita (non-dual) Vedanta in modern India, composed with the help of Bhâratâtîrtha.

'''Maudsley, Dr. H. (1835-1918)'''. *Body and Mind: An Inquiry into their Connection and Mutual Influence. London: Macmillan and Co., 1870. x, 189 pp.

'''Maurice, Thomas (1754-1824)'''. *Indian Antiquities. London, 1793-1800. 7 vols. 8vo; also later editions.

'''Migne, Jacques Paul (1800-1875)'''. *Patrologiae Cursus Com- pletus. Series (Latina) Prima. Paris, 1844-66. 221 vols. 4to. — *Series Graeca (Gr. and Lat.). Paris, 1857-66. 162 vols. 4to.

'''Mitra, Rajfndralala'''. Indian Orientalist, b. Calcutta, Feb. 15, 1824. Appointed librarian of Asiatic Society, 1846. A remarkable scholar recognized all over the world. Devoted most of life to the work of the Asiatic Society. First Indian President of it, 1885. Died, Calcutta, July 26, 1891. Chief works: *The Antiquities of Orissa. Calcutta: Wyman and Co., 1875-80. 2 vols. —*Buddha Gaya, the hermitage of Sakya Muni. Calcutta: Bengal Seer. Press, 1878. 4to. — Edited a number of Sanskrit texts in Bibliotheca Indica.

'''Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1819-1899)'''. *Indian Wisdom. London: W. H. Allen and Co., 1875. 8vo; 3rd ed. 1876. xlviii, 542 pp.

'''Moussfaux'''. See Gougenot des Mousseaux.

'''Muir, John (1810-1882)'''. *Original Sanskrit Texts on the origin and history of the people of India, their religion and institutions. Collected, trans, and ill. by J. M. 2nd ed. London: Triibner and Co., 1863-71. 5 vols. 8vo.

Muller, Max [Friedrich Maximilian]. Anglo-German Orientalist and comparative philologist, b. at Dessau, Dec. 6, 1823; d. at Oxford, Oct. 28, 1900. Matriculated, 1841, at Leipzig Univ., specializing in Sanskrit. Studied at Berlin, 1844, where he was influenced by Schelling’s metaphysical views. Went to Paris, 1845, where he was taught Zend by Burnouf, who impelled him to edit the Rigveda. Settled at Oxford, 1846, the Univ. Press publishing his edition, 1848. Appointed Taylorian prof, of modern languages, 1850. Lectured and wrote during subsequent years on comparative philology, mythology and comparative religion. From 1875 on, engaged in editing the monumental series, The Sacred Books of the East (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1879, etc.), in fifty-one volumes, comprising translations by competent scholars of the most important scriptures of the Orient. Chief works: Chips from a German Workshop. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1867-75. 4 vols. — *A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, so far as it illustrates the primitive religion of the Brahmans. 2nd rev. ed. London: Williams and Norgate, 1859. xix, 607 pp. 8vo. — *Introduction to the Science of Religion. Four Lectures delivered at the {{Page aside|379}}Royal Institution. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1873. ix, 11, 403 pp. 8vo.

'''Myers, Frederick William Henry (1843-1901)'''. *Phantasms of the Living. In collaboration with F. Podmore and Edmund Gurney. London: Triibner and Co., 1886. 2 vols. — *Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death. London and Bombay: Longmans, Green and Co., 1903. 2 vols. (Fide pp. 263-64 of present vol. for Biogr. Sketch).

'''Neff, Mary K. (1877-1948)'''. *How Theosophy Came to Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Austr.: Austr. Section T. S., 1943. xi, 99 pp. Ill.

'''Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907)'''. *A Buddhist Catechism, according to the Canon of the Southern Church. English and Sinhalese. Colombo, Ceylon: Buddhist Theosophical Society, 1881. — *Posthumous Humanity (See Assier, Adolphe d’). — *Old Diary Leaves. The True History of The Theosophical Society. Vol. I. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons; Madras: The Theosophist, 1895. x, 2, 491 pp., pl.; Vols. II, III, IV, V and VI, publ. by the Theos. Soc. (Adyar), 1900-1935.

'''Owen, Hon. Robert Dale (1801-1877)'''. *Footfalls on the

Boundary of Another World. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1859.

'''Panini'''. Greatest Hindu grammarian, fl. in the extreme Northwest of India at about the middle of the 4th century B. C., although this date is very uncertain. His grammatical work, the Ashtddhyayi (See App. p. 362), is not only the earliest grammar extant of any language, but one of the greatest grammatical works ever produced.

'''Prichard, James Cowles'''. English physician, ethnologist and scholar, b. at Ross, Herefordshire, 1786; d. 1848. Educ. in medicine, Bristol, London and Edinburgh. Upheld ethnol. theory of primitive unity of human race. Mastered French, Italian, Spanish, modern Greek; engaged in classical studies. Specialized in Celtic research and was the first one to show Indo-Germanic character of Celtic languages. Commissioner of lunacy, London, 1845. Virtually founder of anthropological science in England. Works: A Review of the Doctrine of the Vital Principle. London: Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper, 1829. 8vo. — The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations. Oxford, 1831. 8vo. — Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. London, 1813. 8vo.; 3rd ed. 1836-47, 5 vols.

'''Proctor, Richard A. (1837-1888)'''. *The Sun: Ruler, Fire, Light, and Life of the Planetary System. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1871.

'''Quintus, Curtius Rufus'''. Latin historical writer whose date is very uncertain, as no ancient writer makes mention of him; he may {{Page aside|380}}have flourished in the Augustan age. Known for his work, Historiarum Alexandra Magni Macedonis (History of Alexander the Great of Macedonia), originally divided into ten books, some of which have been lost. This work is rather romantic than historical. Quintus is an interesting writer, but, as a critical historian, he is below mediocrity.

Latin text ed. by Snakenburg, Ludg. Bat., 1724. 4to; Schmieder, Gotting., 1804. 2 vols. 8vo; and Lemaire, Paris, 1822-24, 3 vols., 8vo. Parallel Latin and English trans, by Dr. John C. Rolfe, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press; London: Wm. Heinemann, 1946. 2 vols. Loeb Class. Libr.

'''Raj Narain Bose'''. *The Science of Religion. No information available.

'''Ramanuja (also Râmânujâchârya and Yatirâja)'''. Hindu philosopher and commentator, fl. in eleventh or twelfth century A.D., at Kanchipuram and Srirangam, near Trichinopoli. Vaishnava reformer. Wrote commentaries on the Brahma-Sutras and the Bhagavad-Gita, and other independent Vedantic treatises. His Vedântism is partly a reaction against the extreme adwaita (monism) of Samkarâchârya, and is known as Visishtâdwaita (qualified monism).

'''Ramchenderjee, Janardan'''. *The Biographical Sketches of Eminent Hindu Authors. Bombay, 1860.

'''Rammohun Roy (morecorr. Râmamohana Raya, râja, 1774-1883)'''. *The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace and Happiness, etc. From London ed., New York: B. Bates, 1825.

'''Rhys Davids, Thomas William (1843-1922)'''. *Buddhism: Being a Sketch of the Life and Teachings of Gautama, the Buddha. In Non-Christian Religious Systems. London and New York: Soc. for Promot. Christ. Knowledge, 1877. 8vo. 252 pp. — *Buddhist Birth Stories (Jâtaka Tales). Trans, by R. D. London: Trübner and Co., 1878. Triibner’s Orient. Series.

'''Rougé, Olivier Charles Camille Emmanuel, Vicomte de'''. French Egyptologist, b. at Paris, April 11, 1811; d. at Bois-Dauphin (Sarthe), Dec. 27, 1872. Gained early reputation of authority in Egyptology. Conservator of Egyptian Museum, Louvre, 1849. Prof, of Egyptian Archaeology, Collège de France, 1860. Made important advances in translating Egyptian hieroglyphics; discovered prototypes of Semitic alphabet in Egyptian hieratic; formulated improved system for study of Egyptian grammar.

Works: Études sur le Rituel Funéraire des anciens Égyptiens. Paris: Didier and Co., 1860. 83 pp. — Mémoire sur l'origine Égyptienne de l’alphabet Phénicien. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, {{Page aside|381}}1874. 110 pp. 8vo. — Chrestomathie Égyptienne. Paris: A. Franck, 1867-76. 4 vols.

'''Roustaing, J. B.''' Distinguished attorney of the Apellate Court at Bordeaux and famous Spiritist. Analysed Spiritism in a very methodical way, intended to shatter skepticism. Works: *Spiritisme Chrétien . . . Les Quatre Évangiles. Paris, 1866. 8vo; trans, by W. F. Kirbv as *The Four Gospels Explained by their Writers. London: Trubner and Co., 1881. 3 vols. 8vo. — Spiritisme Chrétien. Paris, 1884. 8vo.

'''St. John Damascene'''. Doctor of the Eastern Church, b. at Damascus ca. 676; d. bef. 754. Arab name, Mansur (Victor). Father employed by Arab conquerors. Educated by Cosmas, a captive monk. After 730, he and Cosmas took Basilian habit in Laura of S. Sabas, near Jerusalem. Combated iconoclasts and was highly honored by 2nd ecumenical council of Nicea. Surnamed “Chryso- rhoas” (gold-flowing). Greatest liturgical poet and chief classical dogmatist of the Greek Church. Considered as the last of Greek Fathers. Not a theologian, but rather an encyclopedist. Composed many “canons” and “idiomela” for the Greek ecclesiastical office; some used also by Latin Church. To him is attributed the legend of *Barlaam and Josaphat (or loasaph), so popular for many centuries (Greek text and English trans, by Rev. G. R. Woodward and H. Mattingly, in Loeb Classical Library, London: W. Heinemann; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1914); also The Fountain of Knowledge, Sacra Parallela, etc.

'''Sâyana (or Sâyanacharya)'''. The greatest Vedic commentator of the Middle Ages (d. 1387). Learned Brâhmana, son of Mâyana, pupil of Vishnu Sarva.inâ and of Samkarananda, minister to King Bukka I (1350-79) and Harihara II (1379-1406) of the Vijaya- nagara dynasty in Southern India. Of more than one hundred works attributed to him, some may have been by his pupils, some possibly by his brother, Mâdhvâchârya or Vidyâranya, with whom he has been sometimes confused. We are indebted to him for a number of valuable commentaries on the Rigveda (See App. p. 367), the Aitareya-Brâhmana and Aranyaka (See App. p. 362), and the Taittiriya Samhitâ, Brâhmana and Aranyaka.

'''Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840-1921)'''. *The Occult World. London: Trübner and Co., 1881. 172 pp. 8vo; first Amer, ed., with special Appendix regarding the “Kiddle Incident.” New York and Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1885. — *Esoteric Buddhism. London: Trübner and Co., 1883; many subs, editions. — *The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett (from the Mahatmas M. and К. H.). Transcribed, Compiled and with an Introd, by A. T. Barker. London: T. Fisher Unwin, December, 1923; New York: Frederick A. Stokes, xxxv, 492 pp.; 2nd rev. ed. London: Rider {{Page aside|382}}and Co., 1926; 3rd rev. ed. 1962.— *The Letters of H.P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett, and Other Miscellaneous Letters. Transcribed, Compiled,and with an Introd, by A.T.Barker.New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1924. xvi, 404 pp.

'''Stenzler, Adolph Friedrich (1807-1887)'''. *Yajnavalkya's Gesetzbuch. Sanskrit and German. Berlin: Ferd. Dummler, 1849. 8vo.

'''Stewart, Balfour (1828-1887)''', and Peter Guthrie Tait (18311901). *The Unseen Universe, or, Physical Speculations on a Future State. First ed. publ. anonymously. London: 1875. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1875.

'''Stewart, Dugald'''. Scottish philosopher, b. 1753, at Edinburgh; d. June 11, 1828, same place. Univ, of Edinburgh, 1765-1769. Glasgow, 1771. Called to teach mathematical class, Univ, of Edinburgh, 1772. Joint Prof., 1775-85. Appointed Prof, of moral philosophy, 1785, holding this position for 25 years. Gave up active teaching, 1810, and retired to Kinneil House, Linlithgowshire. Stewart’s philosophy was a reaction against skeptical results Berkeley and Hume drew from principles of Locke. Works: Outlines of Moral Philosophy. Edinburgh and London, 1793. 8vo. — Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. London and Edinburgh, 1792-1827. 3 vols. 4to. — Collected Works. Edited by Sir W. Hamilton. With a biography by Prof. Veitch. Edinburgh, 1854-59.

'''Strabo'''. Celebrated Greek geographer born at Amasea in Pontus, ca. 54 В. C. Studied at Nyssa under Aristodemus, at Amisus under Tyrannion, and at Seleucia under Xenarchus. Proceeded then to Alexandrea where he attached himself first to the peripatetic Boethus of Sidon, then to Athenodorus of Tarsus. Visited various parts of Asia Minor, Syria, Phoenicia and Egypt, as far as Syene and the Cataracts of the Nile. On intimate terms with Aelius Gallus, Roman Governor of Egypt. Later travelled in Greece, Macedonia and Italy. At an advanced age, compiled his Geography, in 17 books, which has come down practically complete. It bears evidence of a philosophical and reflective mind, disciplined by science. Strabo’s celebrity, however, seems to date only from the Middle Ages.

Best Greek text ed. by Corey, Paris, 1816-19, 4 vols. 8vo. Fer Greek text and English trans, see The Geography of Strabo, trans, by Horace Leonart Jones. London: Wm. Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1927. Loeb Class. Libr.

'''Subba Row, T. (1856-1890)'''. *Observations on "A Letter Addressed to the Fellows of the London Lodge of The Theosophical Society, by the President and a Vice-President of the Lodge." Madras: Printed at the Scottish Press, by Graves, Cookson and Co., [January] 1884. 45 pp. For all other works, and Biographical Sketch, see pp. 267-272 of the present volume.

'''Symmachus'''. Pope, 498-514, b. in Sardinia. Chosen to fill vacancy left by Anastasius II. Byzantine minority faction set up archipresbyter Laurentius as rival. Schism caused bloody encounters. Ostrogothic King Theodoric gave voice for Symmachus. Appealed to again, Theodoric caused Bishop of Altinum to administer affairs of Church for a time, leaving decision to Synod. In the latter’s fourth session, 502, it decided in favor of Symmachus. Vindicating Synod’s action, deacon Ennodius gave clear expression that the Pope is above every human tribunal and responsible only to God himself.

'''Tennent, Sir James Emerson'''. Traveller, politician and author, b. April 7, 1804, at Belfast; d. March 6, 1869, in London. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Hon. LL.D., 1861. Travelled abroad, 1824. Enthusiastic about Greek freedom; friend of Lord Byron. Called to bar at Lincoln’s Inn, 1831. Elected member for Belfast, 1832. Defeated, 1837, but seated in 1838, 1841-42. Knighted, 1845. Retired, 1867 and created baronet. Fellow of Royal Society, 1862. Works: The History of Modern Greece. London, 1830. 2 vols. 8vo. — Ceylon, an Account of the Island, Physical, Historical, and Topographical. London, 1859. 2 vols. 8vo.

'''Tertullianus, Quintus Septimus Florens (ca. 155—ca. 222)'''. *De Spectaculis. Trans, by T. R. Glover. Latin and English texts. London: Wm. Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1931. Loeb Class. Library.

'''Vaughan, Thomas (pseud. Eugenius Philalethes)'''. English alchemist and mystic, b. 1622. Graduate, Jesus Coll., Oxford, 1638; BA.., 1642. Remained for some years at Oxford, but expelled 1649, for bad behavior and bearing arms for King. Studied alchemy in London. Married, 1651. After Restoration, found patron in Sir Robert Murray. Held some employment of state. Died of mercury fumes, Feb. 27, 1666. Writings deal mainly with magic and mysticism, rather than technical alchemy.

Works: Anthroposophia Theomagica. London, 1650. — Anima Magica Abscondita. London, 1650. —*Magia Adamica: or the Antiquities of Magic. London, 1650. — The True Coelum Terrae. London, 1650. All four in The Magical Writings of Thomas Vaughan. Edited by A. E. Waite. London: Geo. Redway, 1888. — Lumen de Lumine. London, 1651. 8vo. — Euphrates. London, 1655. Edited with a Preface by W. W. Westcott. London: Theos. Publ. Society, 1896.

'''Vidyaranya'''. See Madhava.

'''Weber, Albrecht'''. German Orientalist, b. at Breslau, Feb. 17, 1825; d. in Berlin, Nov. 30, 1901. Studied at Univ, of Breslau, Bonn and Berlin, 1842-45. Visited England and France, 1846, {{Page aside|384}}where he studied under Burnouf. Privat docent at Berlin Univ., 1848-56; Ass. Prof., 1856; Prof, of Ind. languages and literature, 1867, which position he held until his death. Valuable work on various aspects of Indo-Germanic philology'. Numerous art. in Oriental periodicals. Scholarly contributions on Vedic literature to the Sanskrit Wörterbuch of Böhtlingk and Roth. Chief works: *Indische Studien. Berlin: F. Dümmler, 1850-63; Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1865-98. 18 vols. — White Yajurveda, ed by A. W. Berlin: F. Dümmler; London: Williams and Norgate, 1849-59. 3 vols. — Akademische Vorlesungen über indische Litteratur- geschichte. Berlin: F. Dümmler, 1852. 8vo; 2nd enl. ed. Berlin: Harrwitz and Grossmann, 1876. [*The History of Indian Literature. Trans, from the 2nd Germ. ed. by John Mann and Theodor Zachariae. With supplem. Notes by A. W. London: Trübner and Co.; Boston: Houghton, Osgood and Co., 1878. xxiii, 360 pp.] — Indische Skizzen. Berlin: F. Dümmler, 1857. — Indische Streifen. Berlin: Nicolai, 1868-79. 3 vols.

'''Westergaard, Niels Ludwig'''. Danish Orientalist and philosopher, b. at Copenhagen, 1815.; d. 1878. Educated in native city. Went to Bonn, 1838, to study Sanskrit. Visited Paris, London, Oxford, ret. to Denmark. Journeyed to India, 1841. Went to Persia and Russia, 1843-44. Professor of Ind. philology at Copenhagen Univ., 1845-78. Works: Sanskrit Loesebog. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel, 1846. 4to. — Bundehesh, Liber Pehlvicus. Trans, by N. L. W., 1851. 4to. — Zendavesta. Ed. and trans, by N. L. W., 1852-54. 4to. — Über den ältesten Zeitraum der indischen Geschichte mit Rücksicht auf die Litteratur — *Über Buddha’s Todesjahr und einige andere Zeitpunkte in der älteren Geschichte Indiens. Trans, from the Danish by A. F. Stenzler. Breslau: A. Gosohorsky, 1862.

'''Wilson, Horace Hayman (1786-1860)'''. *A Dictionary, Sanskrit and English. Calcutta, 1819. 4to; 2nd enl. ed., 1832; 3rd ed., enL from 2nd, Berlin, 1856. — *Rig-Veda Sanhitä, a Collection of Ancient Hindu Hymns. Trans, from Sanskrit. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1850. 4 vols. — *Essays and Lectures chiefly on the religion of the Hindus. Coll, and ed. by Dr. Reinhold Rost. London: Trübner and Co., 1862. 2 vols.; also in Vols. 1 and 2 of Works, 1862-71.

'''Yäjnavalkya'''. Ancient Hindu Sage, first reputed teacher of the Väjasaneyi-Samhitä or White Yajur-Veda, revealed to him by the Sun. Supposed author of a celebrated Code of Laws, the *Yajna- valkya-dharma-sdstra (See App. p. 368), only second in importance to Manu. With its well-known Commentary, the Mitäkshara, this Code is the leading authority of the Mithila School.

'''Zöllner, Johann Karl Friedrich (1834-1882)'''. *Transcendental Physics. An Account of Experimental Investigations. From the Scientific Treatises of J. K. F. Zöllner. Trans, from the German by Charles C. Massey, with preface and appendices by the transl. London: W. H. Harrison, 1880. 8vo. xlviii, 266 pp.; Boston: Colby and Rich, 1881; 4th ed. Banner of Light Publ. Co., 1901. (For all other works, and Biographical Sketch, see pp. 265-67 of the present volume.)

'''Alienist and Neurologist'''. No information available.

'''Astronomische Nachrichten'''. Founded by H. C. Schumacher. Altona: Hammerich und Heineking, 1823-73; Kiel: von Fiencke und Schachtel, 1873—, in progress.

'''Bombay Gazette''', July 5, 1826—Dec. 31, 1896.

'''Bulletin Mensuel''' of the Société Scientifique d’Études Psychologiques, Paris. No definite information available.

'''Ceylon Observer, Colombo'''. English daily, est. 1834. Evening paper. Chemical News (and Journal of Industrial Science), London. Edited by Sir William Crookes. Vols. 1-145 (Nos. 1-3781), Dec. 10, 1859-Sept. 23, 1932.

'''Christian College Magazine, Madras'''. Vols. 1-37, July, 1883—June, 1920. After June, 1884, as Madras Christian Coll. Mag. (the first thirteen vols, are on file at the Divinity School, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.)

'''Harbinger of Light''', Melbourne, Australia. Founded by Wm. H. Terry, Sept. 1, 1870. In progress.

'''Indian Mirror, Calcutta'''. Daily, founded Jan. 2, 1872, by Norendro Nath Sen, one of the early supporters of H. P. B. and Col. H. S. O.

'''Journal of The Theosophical Society''', Madras, India. Title for the Supplement to The Theosophist, from January to December, 1884. Twelve issues, pp. 1-168.

'''Light''': a Journal of Spiritual Progress and Psychic Research, London. Founded by Mr. E. Dawson Rogers, Manager of the National Press Agency, London. Edited for some years by Rev. Stainton Moses (pseud. “M.A., Oxon.”). First issue, January 7, 1881. In progress.

'''Lotus Bleu, Le, Paris'''. Monthly organ of the Theosophical Society in France. 3 vols. March 7, 1890-91.

'''Madras Times''', Madras. Thrice a week, Jan., 1859-Dec. 31, 1884.

'''Michigan Medical News''', Detroit. Publ. by the Medical Science Department. Vols. 1-5, 1878-1882. United with Detroit Clinic to form Medical Age.

'''Nature''', London. November 4, 1869—, in progress.

'''New York World'''. Daily, June 14, 1860-Feb. 27, 1931.

'''Paw Paw Free Press''', Paw Paw, Mich., U.S.A. Weekly, 1843-76. United with Courier to form Free Press and Courier, 1877-1919.

'''Philosophic Inquirer''', Madras. No definite information available, but Adyar Library has issues from April, 1882, to December, 1884.

'''[Poggendorff’s] Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Leipzig, 1824-99'''. Edited by J. C. Poggendorff, 1824-77. Has existed under various titles since 1790, and is in progress as Annalen der Physik.

'''Poona Observer''', Poona, India.

'''Proceedings''' of the Royal Society of London, Vols. 1-75, 1800-1905.

'''Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research''', London, 1882—, in progress.

'''Psychische Studien, Leipzig'''. Quarterly, founded and edited by Alexander Nikolayevich Aksakov (1832-1903) during the years 1874-99. Vols. 1-52, Nov. 6, 1874-1925; Vols. 53-61, Jan., 1925- June, 1934, as Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologic, publ. by Oswald Mutze. (Complete files in the New York Public Library and Library of Congress; Vols. 1-52, at Stanford Univ., Cal.)

'''Psychological Review''', London, Vols. 1-6, 1878-83.

'''St. James’ Gazette''', London. Daily, est. May 31, 1880. Merged with the Evening Standard and continued as The Evening Standard and St. James’ Gazette, March 14, 1905.

'''Scientific American''', New York. Est. Aug. 28, 1845. In progress.

'''Tattvabodhini Patrika'''. Monthly paper of the Tattvabodhini Sabha, a subdivision of the Brahmo Samaj, in India. Founded by Debendra Nath Tagore, and edited for a time by Akshay Kumar Dutt.

'''Theosophist, The'''. A Monthly Journal Devoted to Oriental Philosophy, Art, Literature and Occultism. Conducted by H. P. Blavatsky, under the Auspices of The Theosophical Society. Bombay (later Madras): The Theos. Soc., October, 1879—, in progress. (Volumes run from October to September inch)

'''True Northerner''', Paw Paw, Mich., U.S.A. Weekly, 1855-1919. United with Free Press and Courier to form Courier-Northerner.

'''Zeitschrift''' der deutschen morgenldndischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), Leipzig, 1847—, in progress.