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Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.1): Difference between revisions

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<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Adi-Granth'''. Sacred hook of the Sikh Gurus. It is an important
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''''Adi-Granth'''''. Sacred hook of the Sikh Gurus. It is an important
compilation of the utterances of the early Vaishnava saints or
compilation of the utterances of the early Vaishnava saints or
''Bhagats''. It is from them that Nanak, the founder of the sect,
''Bhagats''. It is from them that Nanak, the founder of the sect,
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abbot of Wurzburg, but its publication was delayed until 1531,
abbot of Wurzburg, but its publication was delayed until 1531,
when it appeared at Antwerp (also Lugduni: Fratres Beringo, 1533.
when it appeared at Antwerp (also Lugduni: Fratres Beringo, 1533.
3 vols.). His other principal work is ''De incertitudine et vanitate
3 vols.). His other principal work is ''De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum, etc.'' (Antwerp, 1531), wherein he denounces the accretions of theological Christianity. He also wrote ''De nobilitate et praecellentia feminei sexus'' (Coloniae, 1532) . An edition of his works was publ. at Leyden in 1550, with several later editions.
scientiarum, etc''. (Antwerp, 1531), wherein he denounces the accretions
of theological Christianity. He also wrote ''De nobilitate et
praecellentia feminei sexus'' (Coloniae, 1532) . An edition of his
works was publ. at Leyden in 1550, with several later editions.
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'''AKSAKOV, ALEXANDER NIKOLAYEVICH'''. Russian author, philosopher and
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Aksakov, Alexander Nikolaevich}}'''. Russian author, philosopher and
prominent figure among writers on Spiritualism. He was born May
prominent figure among writers on Spiritualism. He was born May
27/June 8, 1832, in the village of Repyevka, Gorodishchensky
27/June 8, 1832, in the village of Repyevka, Gorodishchensky
uyezd, Province of Penza, on the estate of his father, Nikolay
uyezd, Province of Penza, on the estate of his father, Nikolay
Timofeyevich, brother of Serguey Timofeyevich, the author of the
Timofeyevich, brother of Serguey Timofeyevich, the author of the
renowned Family Chronicle. His mother was Catherine Alexeyevna
renowned ''Family Chronicle''. His mother was Catherine Alexeyevna
Panov, of an old aristocratic family of the Province of Simbirsk.
Panov, of an old aristocratic family of the Province of Simbirsk.
He was educated in the Alexander Lyceum of St. Petersburg, and
He was educated in the Alexander Lyceum of St. Petersburg, and
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to a philosophical outlook whereby he endeavored to establish an
to a philosophical outlook whereby he endeavored to establish an
empirical basis for his belief in the spiritual destiny of mankind.
empirical basis for his belief in the spiritual destiny of mankind.
As a result of his studies, he published the following works: 1)
As a result of his studies, he published the following works: 1) ''On Heaven, the World of Spirits, and Hell, as Seen and Heard by E. Swedenborg'', Leipzig, 1863; 2) ''The Gospel according to Swedenborg'', Leipzig, 1864; 3) ''The Rationalism of Swedenborg, etc''., Leipzig, 1870.
On Heaven, the World of Spirits, and Hell, as Seen and Heard
by E. Swedenborg, Leipzig, 1863; 2) The Gospel according to
Swedenborg, Leipzig, 1864; 3) The Rationalism of Swedenborg, etc.,
Leipzig, 1870.


This latter work led him to the sphere of Spiritualism which {{Page aside|445}} absorbed his interest in the second half of the sixties. It is in the
This latter work led him to the sphere of Spiritualism which {{Page aside|445}} absorbed his interest in the second half of the sixties. It is in the
writings of Andrew Jackson Davis that he found the clearest exposition
writings of Andrew Jackson Davis that he found the clearest exposition
of his own _attitude, and so he proceeded to publish in
of his own _attitude, and so he proceeded to publish in
Germany a series of German translations from Davis’ works: Der
Germany a series of German translations from Davis’ works: ''Der Reformator'', Leipzig, 1867; ''Der Zauberstab'', ditto, 1868; ''Die Principien der Natur'', ditto, 1869; ''Der Arzt'', ditto, 1873. His special interest lay in the study of such psychic phenomena as would
Reformator, Leipzig, 1867; Der Zauberstab, ditto, 1868; Die
Principien der Natur, ditto, 1869; Der Arzt, ditto, 1873. His special interest lay in the study of such psychic phenomena as would
provide evidence for the existence of a spiritual Principle in man.
provide evidence for the existence of a spiritual Principle in man.
ln so doing, Aksakov found a most sympathetic interest in Professor
ln so doing, Aksakov found a most sympathetic interest in Professor
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a large number of works, among which should be mentioned:
a large number of works, among which should be mentioned:


1) Manual of Magnetotherapy, of Count F. von Szapary. Trans.
1) ''Manual of Magnetotherapy'', of Count F. von Szapary. Trans.
from the French, St. Petersburg, 1860.
from the French, St. Petersburg, 1860.


2) Experimental investigation of Spiritualism, of R. Hare. Trans.
2) ''Experimental investigation of Spiritualism'', of R. Hare. Trans.
from the English, Leipzig, 1866.
from the English, Leipzig, 1866.


3) Spiritualism and Science. Investigations of Crookes’ Psychic
3) ''Spiritualism and Science''. Investigations of Crookes’ Psychic
Force. St. Petersburg, 1872.
Force. St. Petersburg, 1872.


4) Outline of the History of the Committee on Mediumism of
4) ''Outline of the History of the Committee on Mediumism of the Physical Society at the St. Petersburg University'', St. Petersburg, 1883.
the Physical Society at the St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg,
1883.


5) Monument lo Scientific Prejudice. The conclusions of the committee on Mediumism, St. Petersburg, 1883.
5) ''Monument lo Scientific Prejudice''. The conclusions of the committee on Mediumism, St. Petersburg, 1883.


He also wrote several monographs on Hellenbach and d’Assier
He also wrote several monographs on Hellenbach and d’Assier
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with this vast literary output.
with this vast literary output.


In 1874, Aksakov founded at Leipzig a monthly called Psychische
In 1874, Aksakov founded at Leipzig a monthly called ''Psychische Studien'' dedicated to the investigation of little known psychic phenomena.
Studien dedicated to the investigation of little known psychic phenomena.
This periodical continued to be published until 1934,
This periodical continued to be published until 1934,
having changed its name to Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie in 1925.
having changed its name to ''Zeitschrift fur Parapsychologie'' in 1925.
A perusal of the contents of the early volumes of this publication
A perusal of the contents of the early volumes of this publication
shows it to have been by far one of the most outstanding
shows it to have been by far one of the most outstanding
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Aksakov’s personal views concerning Spiritualism are clearly
Aksakov’s personal views concerning Spiritualism are clearly
outlined in his Preface to his first edition of Spiritualism and
outlined in his Preface to his first edition of ''Spiritualism and Science'' (St. Petersburg, 1872), from which it appears that he
Science (St. Petersburg, 1872), from which it appears that he
made a dear distinction between observed facts and the theories
made a dear distinction between observed facts and the theories
current at the time to account for them. The basis and chief {{Page aside|446}}purpose of his literary activity was to observe and to record facts
current at the time to account for them. The basis and chief {{Page aside|446}}purpose of his literary activity was to observe and to record ''facts''
of genuine mediumism, entirely devoid of any theory or hypothesis,
of genuine mediumism, entirely devoid of any theory or hypothesis,
or religious and sectarian bias. He contended that a scientific
or religious and sectarian bias. He contended that a scientific
approach to this subject would require an array of scientifically
approach to this subject would require an array of scientifically
established facts, and that in due course of time some plausible
established ''facts'', and that in due course of time some plausible
theory, or a series of them, would emerge to justify facts on some
theory, or a series of them, would emerge to justify facts on some
reasonable basis. These views are further outlined in the January,
reasonable basis. These views are further outlined in the January,
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At a later time, Aksakov published the following works:
At a later time, Aksakov published the following works:


1) Spiritism, by K. R. E. von Hartmann. Trans. by A. M.
1) ''Spiritism'', by K. R. E. von Hartmann. Trans. by A. M.
Butlerov, 1887.
Butlerov, 1887.


2) A. M. Butlerov on Mediumism. With a portrait of the author
2) ''A. M. Butlerov on Mediumism''. With a portrait of the author
and reminiscences of N. P. Wagner, 1889.
and reminiscences of N. P. Wagner, 1889.


3) Forerunners of Spiritism for the last 250 Years [Russian
3) ''Forerunners of Spiritism for the last 250 Years'' [Russian
text]. St. Petersburg: V. Demakov, 1895; 513 pp.
text]. St. Petersburg: V. Demakov, 1895; 513 pp.


4) A Case of partial dematerialization of the body of a medium.
4) ''A Case of partial dematerialization of the body of a medium''.
Trans. from the French, Boston, 1898.
Trans. from the French, Boston, 1898.


5) Animism and Spiritism [Russian text], 2nd ed., St. Petersburg:
5) ''Animism and Spiritism'' [Russian text], 2nd ed., St. Petersburg:
V. Demakov, 1901. 679 pp.; German tr., Leipzig, 1894;
V. Demakov, 1901. 679 pp.; German tr., Leipzig, 1894;
French tr., Paris, 1906.
French tr., Paris, 1906.
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'''ALDEN, WILLIAM LIVINGSTON'''. American author, b. at Williamstown,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Alden, William Livingston}}'''. American author, b. at Williamstown,
Mass., October 9, 1837; d. in 1908. Graduated from Jefferson
Mass., October 9, 1837; d. in 1908. Graduated from Jefferson
College, Penna., 1858; married, 1865, Agnes M. McClure; admitted
College, Penna., 1858; married, 1865, Agnes M. McClure; admitted
to New York Bar, 1860; practiced until 1865; leader-writer
to New York Bar, 1860; practiced until 1865; leader-writer
on New York World, Times, Graphic, etc., until 1885; U.S.
on New York ''World, Times, Graphic'', etc., until 1885; U.S.
Consul-General at Rome, 1885-89; leader-writer on Paris Herald,
Consul-General at Rome, 1885-89; leader-writer on Paris ''Herald'',
1890-93; since then resided in London (61, Clondesdale Road,
1890-93; since then resided in London (61, Clondesdale Road,
S.W.). Works: Canoe and Flying Proa, 1818.-Domestic Explosives, {{Page aside|447}}1817.-Life of Columbus, 1881.-Cruise of the “Ghost”, 1882.-New
S.W.). Works: ''Canoe and Flying Proa'', 1818.-''Domestic Explosives'', {{Page aside|447}}1817.-''Life of Columbus'', 1881.-''Cruise of the “Ghost”'', 1882.-''New Robinson Crusoe'', 1888.-''The Moral Pirates'', 1904.-''Told by the Colonel'', 1893.
Robinson Crusoe, 1888.-The Moral Pirates, 1904.-Told by
the Colonel, 1893.


Alden was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875, when
Alden was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875, when
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ridiculed the Society in the newspapers. As a writer, he had considerable
ridiculed the Society in the newspapers. As a writer, he had considerable
repute for caustic and humorous criticisms upon current
repute for caustic and humorous criticisms upon current
topics. Consult Col. Olcott's Old Diary Leaves, I, pp. 123-24, for
topics. Consult Col. Olcott's ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, pp. 123-24, for
the account of a curious experience which Alden had at New
the account of a curious experience which Alden had at New
York in 1874.
York in 1874.
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Appleton Cyclopaedia of Biography'''.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''''Appleton Cyclopaedia of Biography'''''.
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