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422
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT
The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies and the Index (with square brackets), as well as in the English translations of original French and Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary, as for instance in the case of the Anusvâra, the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore of a selective nature.
It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated too many alterations, and almost certainly would have produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been adhered to throughout.
423
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ORIENTAL WORKS
Realizing that it will assist the earnest student to have a list of selected editions of Oriental Works, most of which are not readily obtainable, the following Bibliography has been prepared. No attempt has been made to include all the known editions. Those mentioned below represent, therefore, only some of the most noteworthy publications. In a few instances, no definite information could be secured. Translations are in the English language, unless otherwise stated. Certain Serial Publications of Oriental Writings are indicated by italicized capital letters following the editions. Many of the works referred to may be consulted for a short time by means of Inter-Library Loans. To facilitate this, Institutions and Libraries where such works may be obtained, are indicated within square brackets.
The Key to the Abbreviations used is as follows:
Ed.—stands for Editions of the original text in Devanagari characters.
Roman—indicates the text to be in Roman characters.
AOS—Library of the American Oriental Society, New Haven, Conn.
B—Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass.
BM—Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass.
C—Columbia University Library, New York City, N. Y.
Ch—University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Ill.
H —Harvard University Library, Cambridge, Mass.
JHU—Johns Hopkins University Library, Baltimore, Md.
NYP—New York Public Library, New York City, N. Y.
Pea—Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md.
UP—University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, Pa.
Cl—Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cong—Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Y—Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.
424 AnSS—Ananddsrama Sanskrit Series, Poona.
Bibl. 1nd.—Bibliotheca Indica; a collection of original works (in Sanskrit, Hindi, Persian, and Arabic) publ. by the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta, Benares, Tungoo, London and Hertford, 1845—. Old and New Series, 4to and 8vo.
PTS—Pali Text Society Publications, London, 1882—. Text and Translation Series, 8vo.
SBE—Sacred Books of the East·, translated by various Oriental scholars, and edited by F. Max Müller. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879-90.
SBH—Sacred Books of the Hindus: translated by various Sanskrit scholars, edited by Mai. B. D. Basu, I.M.S. (Retired). Allahabad: Panini office.
Atmânâtma-vivêka (Samkarâchârya). Trans, together with his Atma- bodha by Mohini M. Chatterjee . . . 66. Bombay: Bombay Theosophical Publ. Fund, 1904. [NYP.C1.]
Atthakathâ. Old Ceylonese commentary-literature on the canonical writings of Buddhism, more especially the Atthakathâ-Mahàvansa.
Avatamsaka-Sûtra. The third section of the Tibetan Kanjur; a collection including a number of works with individual titles. The two works of the collection known to Western scholars are Ganda- vyûha and Bhadrachari. The Avatamsaka was closely associated with the Yogâchâra School founded by Aryasamgha, and was especially important in China.
Bhagavad-Gîtâ. Transi, with Samkarâchârya’s Commentary, by A. Mahâdeva Sâstrî. 2nd ed. Mysore, 1901. Vedic Religion Series, I.
Bhâgavatapurâna. Edited by Bâlakrsiia Sâstrî Yogi. 2nd ed., 710. Bombay: Nirnayasâgara Press, 1898 [C.].—Prose English Transi. Ed. and publ. by Manmatha Nath Dutt ... 2 vols., Calcutta: Elysium Press, 1895-96. Wealth of India [C.NYP.C1.H.BM.]. — Srimad Bhagavatam. Transi, by S. Subba Rau. 2 vols. Tirupati, India: Lakshmana Rao, 1928.—Le Bhâgavata Purâna . . . traduit et publié par M. Eugène Burnouf . . . Vols. 1-3. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1840, 1844, 1847. Vols. 4-5. Ed. by M. Hauvette-Besnault and P. Roussel. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1884, 1898 (lacks text from book 10, chapt. 49). [UP.Cong.Cl.H.].
425 Brahma Dharma Grantha. Scriptural Book used by the Brahmo Samâj of India. Originally compiled from other Sacred Writings by Debendra Nath Tagore (Devendra nâtha Thakur), known as the Pradhânâchârya (chief minister or guru).
Chhândogyopanishad. With the commentary of Sankara Acharya and the gloss of Ananda Giri. Edited by Dr. E. Röer. 628, 7. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1850. Bibi. Ind. work 3, 0. S. nos. 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 25. [Y.AOS.NYP.JHU.Pea.Cong.Cl.Ch.H.].—The twelve principal Uparti shads (English transi.) with notes from the commentaries of Sankarâchârya and the gloss of Anandagiri. Publ. by Tookaram Tatya . . . Bombay: Bombay Theosophical Publication Fund, 1891. (Reprints from Bibliotheca Indica of translation of several Upanishads, incl. the Chhândogyopanishad.) Reprinted, 1906. [C.UP.Cl.Ch.].—The Upanishads. Transi, by F. Max Müller. Part I: includes this part. Upanishad. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1879. SBE 1. (Part II, 1884. SBE 15.).
Harivansa. Text in editions of Mahabharata.—Trans, by Μ. N. Dutt. Calcutta: H. C. Dass, 1897 [C.NYP.Cl.Ch.H.].
Hi-Shai Sutra. No definite information, owing to uncertainty of title.
Kiu-ti or Khiu-ti. Generic title of a Tibetan series of occult works, well known even exoterically and containing profound esoteric teachings under the form of allegory and symbolism. One of the first works of the Kiu-ti series is the Book of Dzyan (Tibetan or Mongolian way of pronouncing the Sanskrit word Dhyâna), especially selected by H. P. B. to write from because it contains the original archaic teachings, admittedly covered up in the Kiu-ti scriptures with a great deal of extraneous material. The real occult part of the Book of Dzyan is one of the first of the Kiu-ti volumes and deals mainly with cosmogony.
Mahàvansa. Ed. by Wilhelm Geiger. London: for Pâli Text Soc., Oxford Univ. Press, 1908 (Roman). PTS 63.—Trans, by Wilhelm Geiger and Mabel Bode. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. PTS., trans, ser. (3). [both Y.C.NYP.JHU.Pea.Cong.Cl.Ch.H.]
Mânavadharmasâstra or Manusmriti (Manu). The most important and earliest of the metrical Smritis, prob, based on a Manavadhar- masûtra. Closely connected with the Mahabharata, of which three books alone (iii, xii, xvi) contain as many as 260 of its 2684 slokas. Prob, assumed its present shape not much later than 200 A.D. Text crit. edited by J. Jolly. London: Trübner and Co., 1887. Trübner’s Orient. Ser.—Trans, by G. Bühler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. SBE 25.
426 Matsya Purana. Ed. by Jivänanda Vidyäsägara. Calcutta: Saraswati Press, 1876 [Cl.Ch.H.].·—Trans, by a Taluqdar of Oudh. Allahabad: Panini Off., 1916-17. SBH Vol. 17 [C.NYP.UP.Cong.Cl. Ch.H.BM.].
Padma Purana. Ed. by Visvanätha Narayana Mandalika. 4 vols. Poona: Anandasrama Press, 1893, 1894. Anss extra 1. [Y.C.JHU. Ch.H.B.]. No translation listed.
Rigveda-Samhitä. Ed. by F. Max Müller (Samhitä and pada texts in nägari). 2nd ed. London: Trübner and Co., 1877. 2 vols. 8vo.— Ed. by Theodor Aufrecht (Samhitä text in transliteration). 2nd ed. Bonn: Adolph Marcus, 1877, 2 vols. [both Y.C.NYP.UP.Cong. H.].—Trans, by H. H. Wilson. London: Trübner and Co., and Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1850, 54, 57, 66, 88 [AOS.Cong.H.].— Trans, by R. T. H. Griffith. Benares: E. J. Lazarus and Co., 188992 [C.JHU.UP.].—Trans, by F. Max Müller and Hermann Oldenberg. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1891, 1897. SBE 32, 46.
Shing-Tao-ki (Wang-Puh). No information available.
Vayu-Purdna. Ed. by R. Mitra. Calcutta: As. Soc. of Bengal, 1880, 1888. 2 vols. Bibi. Ind. 85 [Y.AOS.NYP.JHU.Pea.Cong.H.].
Vishnu-Purana. Ed. by Jivänanda Vidyäsägara. Calcutta: Saraswati Press, 1882 [Cl.BM.].—Trans, by H. H. Wilson. Ed. by Fitzedward Hall. London: Trübner and Co., 1864, 65, 66, 68, 70. Works of the late H.H. Wilson [ Y.AOS.NYP.Pea.Cong.H.].
Yajurveda (Black). (a) Taittiriyasamhita. Ed. by Albrecht Weber. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1871-72 (Roman). Indische Studien, Vols. 11-12 [Y.AOS.NYP.JHU.UP.Cong.H.]. — Trans, by A. B. Keith. Cambridge, Mass.: Harv. Univ., 1914. HSO 18. 19.— (Z>) Maitrayanisamhitä. Ed by Leopold von Schroeder. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1881, 83, 85, 86. 4 vols. [Y.NYP.JHU.UP.H.].—Ed. by E. Röer and E. B. Cowell. Bibi. Ind. 26, Old Ser. [Y.AOS.NYP. JHU.Cong.H.].
Yajurveda (White). Ed. by Albrecht Weber. Berlin: F. Dümmler; London: William and Norgate, 1852, [Y.C.NYP.JHU.UP.Cong.H.]. —Trans, by R. T. H. Griffith. Benares: E. J. Lazarus and Co., 1899 [Y.C.UP.Cong.H.].
427
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
The material contained in the following pages is of necessity a selective one, and is intended to serve three purposes: (a) to give condensed information, not otherwise readily available, about the life and writings of some individuals mentioned by H. P. B. in the text, and who are practically unknown to the present-day student; (b) to give similar data about a few well-known scholars who are discussed at length by H. P. B., and whose writings she constantly quotes; and (c) to give full information regarding all works and periodicals quoted or referred to in the main text and in the Compiler’s Notes, with or without biographical data of their authors. All such works are marked with an asterisk (*).
*Acta Sanctorum quotquot toto orbe coluntur, etc. . . . digessit, notis illustravit Joannes Bollandus . . . servata primigenia scriptorum phrasi. Operara et Studium contulit Godefridus Henschenius . . . Editio novissima, curante Joanne Carnandet . . . Parisiis: V. Palmé, 1863, etc.—Orig. ed. Antwerpiae: Joanneus Meursium, 1643, etc.
*Ante-Nicene Fathers, The. Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, Editors. Amer, reprod. of the Edinburgh edition, rev. with Notes by A. Cleveland Coxe. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908-13. 10 vols.
Bauer, Bruno. German theologian and historian, b. Sept. 6, 1809, at Eisenberg, Saxe-Altenburg; d. Apr. 13, 1882, at Rixdorf, near Berlin. Studied at Berlin, attaching himself to “Right” of Hegelian school, under P. Marheineke. Taught at Berlin as licentiate of theology, 1834; transí, to Bonn, 1839; license revoked, 1841, because of destructive criticism of his first two works. Retired for remainder of life. Works: Kritik der evangelischen Geschichte der Synoptiker, 3 vols., Leipzig, 8vo.; 2nd ed., Leipzig: 0. Wigand, 1846.—Geschichte der Politik, Kultur und Aufklärung des 18ten Jahrhunderts, 2 vols. Charlottenburg: E. Bauer, 1843-45.—Christus und die Caesaren, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1879.
Beal, Samuel (1825-1889). *Si-yu-ki. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (a.d. 629). London, 1885; Trübner & Co., 1906. 2 vols.
Bichat, Marie-Franqois-Xavier. French physiologist and anatomist b. at Thoirette (Jura), Nov. 11, 1771. d. July 1802. Went to Paris, 1793; became favorite pupil of P. J. Desault, who adopted 428him as his son. Collected and edited the Surgical Works of Desault, 1797, and began lecturing on anatomy, surgery and physiology in a School established by himself. Developed new and important ideas on anatomy of tissues, and on distinction between organic and animal functions. Was first to reduce organs of body to their elementary tissues and explained chemical, physical and vital properties of each primitive tissue. Appointed physician to the Hôtel-Dieu, 1799. Impaired his health by application to studies and died prematurely. Works: Recherches physiologiques . . . sur la vie et la mort, 1800.— Anatomie générale appliquée à la physiologie et à la médecine. 4 vols., 1801-12.
*Book of Law, The. No information available.
*Book of the Dead, The, The Chapters of coming forth by Day. The English text according to the Theban recension in hieroglyphic edited from numerous papyri, with a translation, vocabulary, etc., by E. A. Wallis Budge. Plates. 3 vols. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1898. 8-vo. 2nd ed., rev. and enl. 7 vols., 1909-11. 8-vo. (Books on Egypt and Chaldaea, vols. 6-8, 28-31).
Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb. German theologian, b. Feb. 11, 1776, at Gersdorf, Saxony; d. Jan. 22, 1848, at Gotha. Lectured on philosophy and theology at Wittenberg, 1804-06; pastor at Schneeberg, Saxony, 1806-08; Supt. Annaberg, Saxony, 1808-16; Genl. Supt. at Gotha until his death. While recognizing supernatural element in the Bible, allowed critical exercise of reason in interpreting its dogmas. Works: Handbuch der Dogmatik der evan· gelisch-lutherischen Kirche, 2 vols. Leipzig, 1882. 8vo.—Lexicon Manuale Graeco-Latinum in libros Novi Testamenti, 2 vols. Leipzig, 1824, 8vo.—Lehrbuch der Religion und der Geschichte der chris- lichen Kirche, Gotha, 1824, 8vo.
Brown, William Tournay. Born in Glasgow, May 16, 1857, of elderly parents; had two older brothers; father was clerk at 200 pounds a year in Forth & Clyde Canal Co.; mother was daughter of wealthy Glasgow weaver. Began his education at dame school at age of 4; at 7 sent to Glasgow Academy; at 14 left school to serve law articles with solicitor firm of Bannatynes Kirkwood & Mcjannett, Glasgow, attending meanwhile classes at Glasgow University. When father died, Jan., 1877, took up serious studies for degree in law. Death of mother two years later turned his mind to religion; rebelled against narrow Presbyterianism he was raised in. Lived with a family friend, Dr. M., whom he considered for a time as the “ideal Christian.” Broke with him, after trip to America, 1882, and considered himself psychologized and mesmerized by the doctor; went through a period of great depression. About this time, came into contact with a young man from London, Samuel Baildon, student of magnetism and a vegetarian, and also 429with James Coates, a Spiritualist and Prof, of Phrenology. Was advised by them to leave Glasgow. Went to London and stayed with Dr. and Mrs. Nichols, where he was soon restored to health. It is from this time that dates his serious interest in the occult. (Vide pp. 31-32 of the present volume for data on Mr. Brown’s sojourn in India.) On Jan. 4, 1885, left India on his way to the U.S.A., via China and Japan. In America, he went through various changes of mind regarding his future, and decided once again to devote himself to self-development, and to return to India. Reached London, July 6, 1885; after seeing A. P. Sinnett, went to Elberfeld, to see Mrs. Gebhard. Began to waver again in his decision and started touring Europe instead. At Naples, underwent one of the most sudden changes of mind in his whole experience; determined to leave for India, he decided in the shipping company’s office not to board the steamer that was about to sail. After travelling for some time in Italy and Switzerland, he settled down at Freiburg, August, 1885, to write an account of his life. Early in 1886, came once more to the United States and associated himself with Mrs. Josephine W. Cables who had established in 1882 the Rochester Branch of the T.S. and was publishing, since April, 1884, The Occult IT ord. Mr. Brown eventually went back to England, and later to India, where he married an Eurasian lady. As far as is known, he returned to the fold of orthodox Christianity. No further information regarding his later career seems to be available. His writings include the following: *Some Experiences in India. London: Printed under the authority of the London Lodge of the Theosophical Society, 1884, 19 pp. Very scarce. Copy of original in the Adyar Library. Text reprinted in The Canadian Theosophist, Vol. XXVIII, June, 1947.—The Theosophical Society: An Explanatory Treatise. Madras: National Press, 1884(?), 14 pp. Scarce. Orig. in Adyar Library.—*My Life. Printed by D. Lauber, Freiburg, Baden, Germany, Fall of 1885, 64 pp. Very scarce. Orig. in Adyar Library.
Buchanan, Joseph Rodes. American physician and writer; b. at Frankfort, Ky., Dec. 11, 1814, of Virginia family. As infant prodigy, he was versed in Geometry and Astronomy at the age of six; took up sociology and began study of law at twelve. After death of father, 1829, supported himself as printer, then as school-teacher. Became interested in phrenology and cerebral physiology, entered Medical School of Univ, of Louisville, graduating in 1842. In college laid foundations for psychometry and sarcognomy, two new sciences, the latter dealing with sympathetic relations between parts of body and soul, healing disease by dispersive passes over body. Lectured on both subjects and established periodical, *The Journal of Man. Joined faculty of Eclectic Med. Inst, of Cincinnati, 1846; forced out, 1856, because of disposition and 430turbulent history of Institute. Started rival Eclectic College of Medicine, then removed to Louisville and in 1863 ran for Congress as Peace Party candidate. Went to Syracuse, N.Y. and manufactured salt. Became prof, of physiology in Eclectic Med. Coll, of New York City, 1867. Established his own college of therapeutics, 1881, in Boston. On acc. of poor health, removed to Kansas City, 1892; and to San José, Calif., 1893, where he lived until his death, Dec. 26, 1899. Marr, three times. His medical theories may have influenced Albert Abrams. Works: 'Outlines of lectures on the neurological system of anthropology, as discovered, demonstrated and taught in 1841 and 1842. Cincinnati: printed at the Office of the Journal of Man, 1854, 2 p., 384 pp., ill.—'Moral Education·. its laws and methods. New York, 1882. 395 pp.—Therapeutic Sarcognomy . . . practice ... by the vital nerve aura. Vol. 1st. Boston: The author, 1884. 269 pp.; also 1891—'Manual of Psy- chometry·. the dawn of a new civilization. Publ. by the author. Boston, 1885.—Primitive Christianity. San José, 1898. Semi-Spiritualistic. incl. lives of Apostles which he said had been dictated to him by themselves.—Various lectures, such as Periodicity (San José, 1897). Vide Harvey W. Felter, Hist, of the Eel. Med. Inst., 1902; Kelly and Burrage, Amer. Medic. Biogrs., 1920.
Bulwer Lytton (Edward George Earle Lytton, 1st Baron, 1803-73). *Zanoni. London, 1842. 8vo; also 1856; rev. ed., 1880.
Busk, R. H. *“Ghosts in Catholic Countries,” in Notes and Queries, 6th Ser., Vol. VIII, August 25, 1883. Quoting Unheard-of Curiosities of Jacques Gaffarel (q.v.).
Caithness, Countess Marie of (Marie Sinclair, Countess of C. and Duchesse de Pomar, d. 1895). *The Mystery of the Ages contained in the secret doctrine of all religions. London: C. L. H. Wallace, 1877. 8vo. xxxii, 541 pp.
Cassels, Walter Richard. English theological critic, b. London, Sept. 4, 1826; d. 1907. Belonged to a mercantile family. Early literary aptitude; became connected as partner with firm of Peel, Cassels and Co., at Bombay, until 1865. Active in legislative council of Bombay, 1863-65. Returned to London to live. Published in 1874 anonymously two vols, of 'Supernatural Religion; an Inquiry into the Reality of Divine Revelation, impugning credibility of miracles and authenticity of New Testament; aroused instant attention; credited with high scholarship. Work had six editions by 1875. A third vol. was added in 1877; a rev. ed. of the complete work appeared in 1879. Lively controversy ensued with Joseph Barber Lightfoot, 1874 to 1889, though no one knew one of the parties was Cassels.
431 Other works: The Gospel according to Peter, 1894.—Poems. 1856.—Eidolon, or the Course of a Soul, 1850.—“Virgin Birth of Jesus,” Nineteenth Century, January 1903.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (107 B.C.-43 b.c.). *De Natura Deorum. Parallel Latin and English texts in the Loeb Classical Library.
Cocker, Rev. Benjamin F. (1821-83). *Christianity and Greek Philosophy; or, the relation between spontaneous and reflective thought in Greece and the positive teaching of Christ and his apostles. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1870. 8vo.
*Codex Nazaraeus, “Liber Adami” appellatus, Syriace transcriptus . . . Latineque redditus a Matthias Norberg. 3 vols. Londini Gotho- rum, 1815, 16. 4to. Text is transcribed into Syrian character, and the Mandaean dialect of the original is merely translated into High Syrian. The Book is called Sittra Rabba or the “Great Book” by the Mandaeans themselves. (British Museum: 753.f.2.)
Collins, (William) Wilkie. English novelist, b. London, Jan. 8, 1824; d. Sept. 23, 1889. Educated at Highbury; travelled for three years with parents in Italy. At seventeen, apprenticed to a firm engaged in tea trade. Wrote then his first novel, Antonina (publ. only in 1850). Studied law at Lincoln’s Inn, and was called to the bar, 1851, when he also met Charles Dickens with whom he formed ties of intimate friendship, resulting in literary collaboration on several works. Came to the U.S.A., 1873-74. Considered as father of English detective story. Best known works: The Woman in White (1860); The Moonstone (1868).
Passage quoted by H. P. B. from Collins’ writings has not been identified owing to complete lack of reference as to source.
Conway, Moncure Daniel. American clergyman and author, b. Meh. 17, 1832, Stafford Co., Virginia; d. Nov. 15, 1907, at Paris. Grad. Dickinson Coll., 1849; stud, law one year; became Methodist minister in Virginia; owing mainly to Emerson’s influence, entered Harvard Divinity School, 1853; grad., 1854; his abolitionist views aroused bitter hostility and brought dismissal from Unitarian Church, Washington, D.C.; minister First Congreg. Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1856-61; edited The Dial and the Commonwealth, Boston. During Civil War lectured in England on behalf of the North; minister, So. Place Chapel, Finsbury, London, 1863-84. Travelled extensively in various parts of the world. Returned to U.S.A., 1884. His Autobiography contains sketches of important figures of the 19th century, by whom he was esteemed as leader of liberal thought. Author of: Idols and Ideals, N.Y., H. Hold & Co., 1871.-—Republican Superstitions, Lond., H. S. King & Co., 1872.—The Wandering Jew, N.Y., H. Holt & Co., 1881.—The Life of Thomas Paine, N.Y., London, G. P. Putnam’s sons, 1892, 2 vols. 432—Autobiography, Boston & N.Y., Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1904.— My Pilgrimage to the Wise Men of the East, Boston & N.Y., Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1906, viii, 416.—*“A Tour Round the World—The Theosophists,” The Glasgow Herald, No. 88, April 11, 1884 (dated from Adyar, January, 1884).
Coulomb, Madame Emma. *Some Account of My Association with Madame Blavatsky from 1872 to 1884; with a number of Additional Letters and a Full Explanation of the most Marvellous Theosophical Phenomena. Published for the Proprietors of the Madras Christian College Magazine, by Elliot Stock, 62, Paternoster Row, London, E. C., 1885 [issued, acc. to Col. H. S. Olcott’s Diaries, December 23, 1884].
Denton, William (1823-1883) and Elizabeth M. Foote Denton. *The Soul of Things, or, Psychometric Researches and Discoveries. 3rd ed., rev., Boston: Walker, Wise and Co., 1866, viii, 370 pp. *Divine Pymander, The. Translated from Arabic by Dr. Everard, 1650. New ed., London: Geo. Redway, 1884.
Dondukov-Korsakov, Prince Alexander Mihaylovich (1820-1893). Distinguished Russian military man and administrator. First aide- de-camp, 1869, to the Viceroy of the Caucasus, Prince Mihail Semyonovich Vorontzov; then Governor-General of the Provinces of Kiev, Podol’ and Volin’; Imperial Russian Commissar in Bulgaria, 1878; Commander of the military forces of the Caucasian military district, 1882-90, and Director of civil authorities in the Caucasus. General of Cavalry. Great friend of H. P. B. and of her family.
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan (1859-1930). *“The Silver Hatchet,” in the Christmas Annual, 1883.
Draper, John William. American scientist, b. May 5, 1811, at St. Helen’s near Liverpool; d. Jan. 4, 1882, at Hastings, N.Y. Studied at Woodhouse Grove, Univ, of London, and the Medical School of the Univ, of Penna., 1835-36; elected Med. Prof., N.Y. University, 1837; Prof, of Chemistry, 1839; Prof. N.Y. School of Medicine, 1840-50; President of that School, 1850-73, and Prof, of Chern, until 1881. Made important researches in photo-chemistry. Among the first ones to take human portrait by light, made possible by his improvements on Daguerre’s process. Responsible to a great extent for prominence of N.Y.C. as center of medical education. Works: A Treatise on the Forces which Produce the Organization in Plants, N.Y., Harper & Bros., 1844.—A Text Book on Chemistry, N.Y., Harper & Bros., 1846, etc.—*History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, 1863; 5th ed., N.Y., Harper & Bros., 1869.—History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, N.Y., D. Appleton & Co., 1875, etc.—Scientific Memoirs, N.Y., Harper & Bros., 1878, 8vo.
433 Eleazar I (Lazar, Eleazar Ben Shammua’). Mishnaic teacher of the fourth generation, frequently cited in rabbinical writings without his patronymic (Ab. iv. 12; Git. iii, 8, incorrectly “Eliezer”; comp. Gem. Git. 31b; Yer. Git. iii, 45a, Mishnah and Gem.); of priestly descent and rich, he acquired great fame as a teacher of traditional law. Disciple of Akiba, but owing to the Hadrianic proscriptions of Jewish observances was not ordained by him. After Akiba’s death, Rabbi Judah ben Baba ordained him, together with others, among whom was Simon ben Jochai, at a secluded spot between Usha and Shefar’am. Ordainer was detected and brutally slain. The ordained escaped, and eventually became the custodians and disseminators of Jewish tradition (Sanh. 13b; ‘Ab Zarah 8b). Founded a College which attracted many pupils. Had an ineradicable influence on the development of the Talmud (Vide The Jewish Encyclopaedia).
*Encyclopaedia Americana. Edited by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Carey, 1829-33; also 1838, 1848, 1849. Article on “Inquisition” in which Juan Antonio Llórente (q.v.) is referred to.
Fraser, Col. Stephen. *Twelve Years in India. Both author and work remain untraceable.
Gaffarel, Jacques. French Orientalist and author, b. 1601, at Maunes, Provence; d. 1681. Was ordained and became doctor of canon law at Paris; studied Oriental languages and became librarian to Cardinal de Richelieu who sent him to Italy, 1626, in search of rare MSS. Studied Rabbinical works and Kabalistic writings. As a result of his journey, published his Curiositiz inouyes, 1629, intended to defend Oriental doctrines regarding astrology and allied sciences, and to refute current ideas about valuelessness of the philosophical and religious tenets of the ancient Hebrews, Persians, etc., condemned by Catholics. Became victim of a vicious attack and was forced to retract his views before the Sorbonne and leave France. Went to Rome, 1632, Venice, Greece, Asia, then returned home. Became chaplain to the King, prior of Saint-Gilles, canon of Sigouce (Provence) monastery, where he ended his life. Acc. to Bayle, he had been ordered by Richelieu to make every effort to re-unite all the Christian communities. His writings show more erudition than judgment, and occasionally betray some credulity. Works: Abdita divinae Cabalae mysteria contra sophistarum logo- machiam defensa, Paris, 1625, 4to.—'Curiositiz inouyes, sur la Sculpture talismanique des Persons. Horoscope des Patriarches. Et lectures des Estoilles. Paris: H. Du Mesnil, 1629. 644 pp. 8vo.; Rouen: J. Bouley, 1631; Latin ed. Hamburg: G. Schultzen, 1876. 2 vols. Eng. trans, by Edmund Chilmead, as Unheard-of Curiosities, etc. London, 1650.—Dies domini sive de fine mundi, 1629.— Mariales gemitus, 1638.
434 Gebhard Family. German Family which played an important role in the history of the T.S. It was headed by Gustav Gebhard, eldest son of Franz-Joseph Gebhard, Pres, of the Board of Trade, at Elberfeld, Germany. He was born in that city, Aug. 18, 1828, and died in Berlin, May 6, 1900. He owned a silk manufacturing factory in his native city, was co-founder of the German Bank and of the Bergisch-Märkische Bank, and Persian Consul. He acquired much of his business experience travelling abroad, lived in Paris and London, and made trips to the U.S.A., Constantinople and Asia Minor. Noted as a linguist, he spoke French and English without accent. A far-sighted business-man, he was also known for his warm hospitality, broad-mindedness, and readiness to help others, even when their views differed from his own.
On his first journey to America, he met in New York the widow and the only daughter of the British Major Thomas L’Estrange (of the 36th Reg.), who belonged to the Protestant branch of this old family, descending from Rollo, First Duke of Normandy. He had married a Catholic Irish lady, Sarah Egan, which brought about strained relations with his family. His daughter, Mary, never met any relatives on her father’s side. At the conclusion of the Spanish campaign against Napoleon, he had gone to Paris, where his daughter was educated at the Sacre Coeur, and presented at the Court. Having lost his property, he left for Canada, where he bought some land near Montreal. After his death in 1850, his widow sold the land and went to the U.S.A, with her daughter Mary. It is in New York that Gustav Gebhard married Mary L’Estrange, Sept. 4, 1852, the ceremony being performed acc. to both the Catholic and the Protestant rites. Together with Mrs. L’Estrange, the newly-married couple settled in Elberfeld, Germany, where their seven children were eventually born.
Mary Gebhard was not too happy living in a small town. Owing to the many business trips of her husband, she was left very much to herself. Her father-in-law, Franz-Joseph G., was the only member of the family who had a sympathetic understanding of her outlook. She had an inborn inclination towards philosophical and occult subjects, and studied Hebrew with a clergyman, to become fitted for independent research in the Kabalah. She made the acquaintance of the Abbe Alphonse Louis Constant, who, under his pseudonym of Lliphas Levi, wrote well-known occult works, and remained his pupil until his death in 1875. She visited him several times in Paris, and he visited the Gebhards twice in Elberfeld. After the death of Eliphas Levi, Mary G. sought other occult connections. She heard of the T.S., and, after an exchange of letters with Col. Olcott, became a member thereof.
In 1884, H.P.B., Col. Olcott, Mohini Μ. Chatterjee and Bawajee came to Europe. Col. Olcott established connections in Bavaria, and 435broached the idea of the formation of a Branch Society in Germany. Accordingly, the Germania Theosophical Society was organized at the home of the Gebhard Family at Elberfeld, Platzhoffstrasse 12 (Vide photograph of the building, facing page 267 of the present volume), on July 27, 1884, with Dr. William Hiibbe-Schleiden as President, Mary Gebhard as Vice-President, and Franz Gebhard as Corresponding Sec’y. All the members of the Gebhard Family, except their daughter, joined the Theos. Society. H.P.B. and her party arrived in Elberfeld on Aug. 17, 1884, for a stay of about two months at the Gebhards’ home which became the center of Theosophical activities. Visitors came and went, some of them from abroad, and all the available rooms were frequently occupied by guests. (Consult pp. xxxiv-xxxvii of the Chronological Survey, for data concerning the period when Col. Olcott and H.P.B. stayed with the Gebhards in 1884). At a later date, namely in May and June, 1886, H.P.B. stayed with the Gebhards again. This was an interim between her stay in Wiirzburg, and her residence at Ostende, where she journeyed after leaving the Gebhards’ home. During this short stay at Elberfeld, H.P.B. slipped on the polished floor and badly hurt her ankle; this must have delayed her departure for Ostende, which was her ultimate destination at the time.
While Consul Gustav Gebhard was of course the official host during these visits, the most dynamic personality of the household was Mary Gebhard, who combined refinement and culture with rare capacities for occult studies. She remained a faithful worker for many years; on more than one occasion, she received letters from the AdeptjBrothers, and most probably performed at the time some important work on their behalf. Her vital strength was sapped as a result of the suicide of both of her twin-sons. After several strokes, she passed away, Dec. 15, 1892. Her remains were cremated. (Vide facsimile of her portrait, facing page 266 of the present volume.)
The Gebhard Family had six sons and one daughter:
1.Franz Gustav: b. July 1, 1853; d. April 29, 1940. Married Aline Jordan, by whom he had three daughters (no issue), and a son, Kurt Alfred Thomas (b. June 27, 1881), who died as lieutenant in France, 1914. His son, Dr. Torsten Friedrich Franz (b. March 12, 1909), is at present an art-historian in Miinich, and is unmarried.
2.Fritz: b. July 15, 1854; d. July 6, 1855.
3.Arthur Henry Paisley: b. Dec. 29, 1855; d. at Newton-Abbot, England, Oct. 11, 1944. After an earlier marriage, he married a widow, Marie-Josephe von Hoesch, née von Carlowitz (b. Jan. 7, 1888; now residing in Germany), by whom he had two sons: Rollo, b. July 7, 1921, married to Hildegard Freyer (no issue) ; and Vidar Arthur Ewald, b. Oct. 2, 1928, when his father was 436already 73 years of age. In 1913, Arthur Gebhard added officially to his own name that of his mother’s family, and became known as Gebhard-L’Estrange. He took out American citizenship in Boston, 1878. For some 25 years, he represented his father’s factory in New York, and was during part of that time on close friendly terms with Mohini M. Chatterjee and William Quan Judge, with whom he was in partnership for a while, publishing The Path magazine. He took active part in the Theosophical Movement, lecturing on Oriental philosophy. He frequently came to Europe to visit his relatives as well as H.P.B., and was one of the first patrons of Wagner’s musical dramas, at Bayreuth, Bavaria, recognizing their occult significance.
At one time, he fell under the influence of Mohini M. Chatterjee, who was then in a very critical mood, and drew up in collaboration with him what H.P.B. called a “Manifesto,” entitled, “A Few Words on The Theosophical Organization,” which contained a rather severe criticism of Col. Olcott for alleged despotism. H. P. B. wrote a powerful reply, embodying an outspoken defense of him, and a statement on the basic platform of the T.S. and its policies. For lack of any definite title, it has been called at some later date, “The Original Programme of The Theosophical Society,” which it unquestionably represents. Neither the challenging “Manifesto” nor H.P.B.’s Reply were published at the time. They were later issued in booklet form, with an Introduction by C. Jinarajadasa (Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1931), and their text will be contained in Vol. VII of the present Series, together with all pertinent historical data which form their background. As far as is known, this little “tempest in a tea-pot” eventually blew itself out, and nothing more was heard of it.
Much later in life, namely, in 1940, Arthur Gebhard published a little book entitled The Tradition of Silence, in which he paid tribute to H.P.B. and her work.
4.Rudolf Ernst: b. Dec. 31, 1857; d. in 1935. As a friend of Subba Row, stayed for a while in India, where he went with Col. Olcott, in October, 1884. His son, Wolfgang, is still living in the U.S.A.
5.Mary: b. Sept. 13, 1859; d. in June, 1944. Married to Paul von Ysselstein, but had no issue.
6 and 7. Hermann and Walther, identical twins, born Oct. 16, 1866. Both shot themselves: Hermann on March 16, 1881, and Walther on April 10, 1886. See in connection with these tragic events, and their occult background and implications, The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett, pp. 145, 299, 300-301.
(Compiled from information supplied by Madame Marie-Josephe Gebhard-L’Estrange, widow of Arthur Gebhard).
437 General Council. Vide Theosophical Society.
Gould, Sabine Baring- (1834-1924). *Curious Myths of the Middle Ages. London: Rivington, 1866; 2nd rev. and enl. ed., London, 1868; also 1877; Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1882.
Gubernatis, Count Giuseppe Angelo de. Italian Orientalist and man of letters, b. Turin, 7 April, 1840; d. Rome, Feb. 27, 1913. Educated at the Univ, of Turin; went to Berlin, 1862, to study philology; appointed in 1863 Professor of Sanskrit in the Institute degli Studi Superior!, Florence. Married cousin of the anarchist Bakunin, and resigned position owing to radical views, re-appointed, 1867. Transferred to Univ, of Rome; active as dramatist, lyric poet, journalist, critic, etc. Acquired international fame with his English work, Zoological Mythology, or the Legends of Animals, London, Trubner and Co., 1872. Founded the Italian Asiatic Society, 1886.
Other Works: La Mythologie des plantes. Paris: C. Reinwald & Co., 1878-82; Storia universale della letterature, etc. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1883-85; Fonti vediche dell’ epopea. Firenze: Fodrati, 1867; Dizionario degli artisti italiani vivendi, etc. Firenze, 1889-92. Founded and edited: Rivista orientale (1867-68); Rivista europea (1869-76); Italia letteraria (1862); Revue internationale (188387). Directed the Giornale della Societa asiatica italiana, after 1887.
The passage quoted by H. P. B. has not been verified owing to complete lack of reference as to source.
Hartmann, Karl Robert Edward von (1842-1906). *Der Spiritismus. Berlin (Leipzig print.), 1885. 8-vo. 118 pp.
Hermann, Karl Friedrich. German philologist and historian, b. at Frankfurt a.M., Aug. 4, 1804; d. at Göttingen, Dec. 31, 1855. Pupil of Creuzer at Heidelberg and Leipzig; travelled in Italy on archaeological research. Prof, of Philology at Marburg, 1832, and Director of Philol. Seminary. Same functions at Göttingen, 1846, where he succeeded 0. Müller. Chiefly distinguished for his works on Greek antiquities and ancient philosophy. Very erudite scholar deeply versed in the social and private life of the classical world. Works: Lehrbuch der griechischen antiquitäten. 3 vols., 1831-46; 2nd ed., 4 vols., 1882 ff.—Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie. Vol. I, 1839.—Ausgabe des Plato. 6 vols., 1851-52.— Kulturgeschichte der Griechen und Römer. 2 vols., 1857-58, publ. after his death by K. G. Schmidt.—Privatalterthiimer, 1852 and 1870.—Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Göttingen, 1849.
The passages referred to by H. P. B. have not been located owing to insufficiency of data.
438 Hilgenfeld, Adolf. Eminent German Protestant theologian of the Tübingen school, b. June 2, 1823, at Stappenbeck; d. Jan. 12, 1907, at Jena. Educ. at Berlin and Halle. Privat docent, 1847; Prof, at Jena, 1850; hon. prof., 1869. Editor of the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie, since 1858. Author of: Die Evangelien nach ihrer Entstehung und geschichtlichen Bedeutung. Leipzig, 1854, 8vo.—Novum Testamentum extra canonem receptum, 4 fase. Leipzig, 1866. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1876.—Die Ketzergeschichte des Urchristenthums. Leipzig, Altenburg, 1884. 8vo.
Howard, John. English philanthropist and reformer, b. Hackney, London, Sept. 2, 1726(?); d. Kherson, Russia, Jan. 20, 1790. As High Sheriff of Bedfordshire, 1773, discovered many abuses in the management of jails; due to his efforts, Parliament enacted, 1774, several reforms; other reforms resulted from his work, The State of the Prisons in England and IT ales, 1777. Travelled widely through Europe inspecting prisons. Howard League for Penal Reform became powerful body in Britain. Due to his influence, the Philadelphia Soc. for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, first of its kind in U.S.A., was established. He died in Russia of camp fever during one of his inspection trips.
Passage quoted from his writings has not been identified, owing to lack of any reference whatsoever.
Hunter, John. Scottish surgeon and physician, b. Long Calderwood, Lanarkshire, Feb. 13, 1728; d. London, Oct. 16, 1793. Studied surgical pathology at Chelsea Hosp., London, 1749-50; made original observations. Staff surgeon in France and Portugal, 1760-63. Returned to London and started practice as surgeon. Appointed surgeon to St. George’s Hosp., 1768. Investigated various lines of research in pathology, comp, anatomy and physiology. Appointed inspector general of hospitals and surgeon general to the army, 1790. Built museum with upward of 10,000 specimens. This was purchased by the Government and presented to Royal Coll, of Surgeons. Works: Natural History of the Human Teeth, 1771; Treaties on the Venereal Diseases, 1786; Treaties on the Blood, etc., 1794. Complete Works publ. by Palmer, 1838.
Passage quoted from him has not been identified owing to lack of definite reference as to source.
Irenaeus, Saint (130?-202?). Greek Bishop of Lyons. *Adversus Haereses. Text in Migne, PCC. English transl. in Ante-Nicean Fathers (q.v.).
Jacolliot, Louis (1837-1890). *L'Initiation et les sciences occultes dans l’Inde et chez tous les peuples de l’antiquité. Paris: 1875. 8-vo.
Jerdan, William. London journalist of Scottish birth, b. 1782 at Kelso; d. 1869. Left his native place for a writer’s office in Edinburgh. 439Went to London, 1806, to engage in newspaper work. Made himself famous as the reporter who apprehended Spencer Perceval’s assassin in the lobby of the House of Commons. Editor of the Literary Gazette, 1817-50; sole owner of it since 1842. In intimate association with leading literary men of the time. Helped to establish Royal Society of Literature, 1821. Author of: Autobiography, London, 1852-53, 4 vols. 8vo;—Men I Have Known. London, 1866, 8vo.
Jinarajadasa, C. (1875-1953). *Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theos. Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed. 1923; 3rd ed. 1945; 4th ed., with new and additional Letters, covering period 1870-1900, 1948.—*Second Series, Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.
Jin-Ch’an (Bonze). *The Buddhist Cosmos. No information available.
*Keys of the Creeds, The. By a Roman Catholic priest. No information available.
Kiddle, Henry. *The Present Outlook of Spiritualism,” lecture delivered at a Spiritualist Camp Meeting at Lake Pleasant, August 15, 1880, and published the same month in The Banner of Light, Boston, Mass.—*Letter to the Editor of Light; Vol. Ill, September 1, 1883, p. 392.
Kingsford, Dr. Anna Bonus (1846-1888) and Edward Maitland (1824-1897). *The Perfect Way, or the Finding of Christ. London, 1882. 8-vo. Rev. and enl. ed., pp. xxiii, 397. London: Field and Tuer, 1887. 8-vo.—*A Letter Addressed to the Fellows of the London Lodge of The Theosophical Society, by the President and the VicePresident of the Lodge. Contains also section entitled “Remarks and Propositions Suggested by the Perusal of Esoteric Buddhism,” by Edward Maitland, and an Open Letter from Dr. A. B. Kingsford to Col. Henry S. Olcott, dated Oct. 31, 1883. Privately printed by Bunny and Davis, Shrewsbury, England, Dec., 1883. 39 pp.
Lane, Edward William (1801-1876). *An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians, written in Egypt during the years 1833, 1834, and 1835. London: C. Knight and Co., 1836. 2 vols., ill., pl.—*The Thousand and One Nights, commonly called, in England, The Arabian Nights’ entertainments. A new translation from the Arabic, with copious notes. London: C. Knight and Co., 1839-41. 3 vols. Many later editions.
Levi, Éliphas (1810-1875)—pseud, of the Abbé Alphonse Louis Constant. *Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. Paris: G. Baillière, 1856. 2 vols. English transi, by Arthur E. Waite as Transcendental Magic, Its Doctrine and Ritual. With a Biographical Preface. Chicago: 440Laurence, Scott and Co., 1910.—*Paradoxes of the Highest Science. Transí, by A. 0. Hume, with Comments by Master K. H. (“E.O.”). Calcutta, 1883; 2nd ed. by C. Jinaräjadasa. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1922.
Lillie, Arthur (1831-?). *Buddha and Early Buddhism. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1882. xiv, 256 pp., ill.—*“Koot Hoomi,” Letter to the Editor of Light, Vol. IV, No. 192, September 6, 1884, p. 366.
Llórente, Juan Antonio. Spanish historian; b. March 30, 1756; d. at Madrid, Feb. 5, 1823. Ordained priest, 1779; rose to high Church Office. Advocate of Council of Castile, 1781. Vicar General of Calahorra, 1782. General Sec’y of Spanish Inquisition, 1789. Canon of chief Church, Toledo, 1806. Voltairian infiltration into Spain enlightened him; he joined the French, and was banished, 1813. Wrote in France his outspoken Historia Critica de la Inquisición de España, 1822. 10 vols. (abridged and tr. into Engl, as The History of the Inquisition of Spain. London, 1826. 583 pp.; also 1827). Suspended and forbidden to teach. Wrote then the antipapal work: Portraits politiques des Papes. Expelled from France; went to Madrid and died shortly after arrival.
Lücke, G. C. Friedrich (1791-1885). *Versuch einer vollständigen Einleitung in die Offenbarung des Johannes, etc. 2nd ed., Bonn, 1848-52. 8vo.
Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn. Anglo-Indian administrator and writer; b. Jan. 4, 1835, at Coulsdon, Surrey; d. 1911. Educ. at Eton and Haileybury. Entered Bengal civil service, 1855, and saw service during the Mutiny, at Meerut, Rohil-Khand and elsewhere. His promotion was rapid: appointed commissioner of Nagpur, 1865; and of West Berar, 1867; made Home Secretary to the Government of India, 1873; app. governor-general’s agent in Raj putaña, 1874. Drew up a Statistical Account or Gazetteer of Berar and Raj putaña, first work of this kind. Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1878. Resigned, 1881, and was made K.C.B. He was then lieutenant-governor of the N.W.P. and Oudh, where he administered Lord Ripon’s local self-government scheme, and carried out many imp. legislative reforms. Upon retirement from service, 1887, became member of India Council in London, strongly advocating development of self-government. Privy Councillor on retirement from India Office, 1902. Trustee of the British Museum, 1911. Chief Works: The Rise and Expansion of the British Dominion in India. London: J. Murray, 1893. 4th ed., 1907.—Warren Hastings. London and New York: Macmillan & Co., 1889.—The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. 2 vols. London: J. Murray, 1905.— Asiatic Studies, religious and social, 1882, and 1899, dealing mainly with comparative study of religions, showing deep insight into Indian life and character.
441 Markham, Sir Clements Roberts. English geographer and historical writer; b. July 20, 1830 at Stillingfleet, near York; d. in London, Jan. 30, 1916. Went to Westminster School; entered the navy, 1844; lieutenant in 1851; served, 1850-51, on the Franklin search expedition in Artic regions. Retired from navy, 1852, and travelled in Peru and the forests of the eastern Andes. Entered Civil Service, 1853; appointed on the board of control of East India Company, 1854. In South America again, 1860, in order to arrange for the introduction of the cinchona plant into India. In Ceylon and India, 1865. In charge of the geographical section of the India Office, 1867-77. In later years travelled extensively in western Asia and the U.S.A. Elected, 1893, Pres, of the Royal Geographical Soc., retaining office for 12 years. Mainly responsible for finding funds for the Antarctic expedition under Capt. Robert Scott, 1901. Chief Works: Peru, 1880.—Life of Richard 111, 1906.— Lives of several outstanding figures, such as Admiral Fairfax, Adm. John Markham, Columbus, etc.—The Lands of Silence, an important history of Arctic and Antarctic explorations published posthumously, 1921,—*Edited the Narratives of the Mission of Geo. Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa, London, 1876. 8vo.—Various introductions and notes to scholarly works by others, and some 70 papers in scientific journals.
Mitford, Godolphin. Vide for Biographical Sketch and writings, pp. 241-244 of the present volume.
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1818-1899). *Indian Wisdom·, or, Examples of the religious, philosophical, and ethical doctrines of the Hindûs; with a brief history of the chief departments of Sanskrit literature, and some account of the past and present condition of India, moral and intellectual. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1875. xlviii, 542 pp.; 2nd ed., 1875; 3rd ed., 1876; 4th ed., 1893.
Neff, Mary K. (1877-1848). *How Theosophy Came to Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Austr.: Austr. Section T.S., 1943. xi, 99 pp. Ill. *The “Brothers” of Madame Blavatsky. Theos. Puhi. House, Adyar, India, 1932. 125 pp.
Novikov, Olga Alexeyevna de, née Kireyev (1840-1924). Russian writer and proponent of political and other reforms. Lived for many years in England, writing both in English and Russian. Became part of English literary and political circles. Tried to influence English opinion towards a conservative Slavophil direction. She was the widow of Lt.-General Ivan Petrovich Novikov, Superintendent of the Educational District of Kiev, and later (1885) of St. Petersburg. She had two brothers: Alexander A., and Nicholas A. Kireyev. She wrote under the initials O.K. Madame Novikov was a warm friend of H. P. B. for a number of years, 442as is evidenced from some of H. P. B.’s letters. She was related to the Aksakov Family and the Homyakovs. Chief Works: Russia and England: A Protest and an Appeal, London, 1880. It tended towards a rapprochement between the two countries and was greatly favored by Gladstone.—Is Russia Wrong? London, 1878.—Friends or Foes, London, 1879.—Skobelev and the Slavonic Cause, London, 1884.—Many articles in Russian Journals, such as Russkoye Obozreniye.—Russian Memories. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1916.
Ogilvie, John. English lexicographer, b. in parish of Marnoch, Banffshire, April 17, 1797; d. of typhoid fever at Aberdeen, 21 Nov., 1867. Son of farmers; elementary educ. at home and parish school; worked as ploughman until 21. Leg amputated above knee, 1818. Taught in two subscription schools. Prepared for University with the help of a schoolmaster; entered Marischal College, Aberdeen, Oct., 1824. Engaged in private tuition for sake of income. Graduated as M.A., 1828. Tutoring until 1831. Appointed mathem. master in Gordon’s Hospital, Aberdeen. Marischal Coll, conferred on him honorary LL.D., 1848. Retained mastership until 1859. Messrs. Blackie engaged him, 1838, to rev. and enlarge Webster’s English Diet., which resulted in the *Imperial Dictionary, English, Technical and Scientific, issued in parts snee 1847 onward, and publ. complete, 1850, with a Supplement, 1855. He also published several other important Dictionaries.
Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907). *A Buddhist Catechism, according to the Canon of the Southern Church. English and Sinhalese, Colombo, Ceylon: Buddhist Theosophical Society, 1881. Many subsequent editions.—'Diaries. Col. H. S. Olcott’s Diaries in the Adyar Archives. 30 vols.—'Letter to Miss Francesca Arun- dale, dated February 2, 1885. The Theosophist, September, 1932. 'Old Diary Leaves. The True History of The Theosophical Society. Vol. I. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons; Madras: The Theosophist, 1895. x, 491 pp. pl. Vols. II, III, IV, V, and VI, publ. by the Theos. Society (Adyar), 1900-1935.—*People from the Other World. Ill. by Alfred Kappes and T. W. Williams, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Co., 1875. 492 pp.
Ozanam, Jacques. French mathematician, b. at Bouligneux (Dombes), 1640; d. at Paris, April 3, 1717. Belonged to a Jewish family converted to Christianity. Was intended for an ecclesiastical profession, but showed early great aptitudes for mathematics; wrote his first work when only 15. Lived for a time at Lyons, teaching mathematics; published there his Tables of sinuses, etc., 1870; established himself then at Paris, through some service he had rendered to a foreigner. Became very well known, acquiring the respect of Leibnitz on acc. of his treaties on algebra. Inspite of 443success of his works, led a very hard life. Became, 1701, member of the Académie des Sciences. Died of apoplexy. Other Works: Traité de gnomique, Lyon, 1673. 12°.—Géométrie pratique, Paris, 1684, republished several times.—Dictionnaire mathématique, Paris, 1691. 4to. — Nouvelle trigonométrie, 1698.—Nouveaux éléments d'algèbre, Amsterdam, 1702. 8vo.—Many other works and articles in scientific journals.