Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.13): Difference between revisions

The material contained in the following pages is of necessity a selective one, and is intended to serve three purposes: (a) to give condensed information, not otherwise readily available, about the life and writings of some individuals mentioned by H.P.B. in the text, and who are practically unknown to the present-day student; (b) to give similar data about a few well-known scholars who are discussed at length by H.P.B., and whose writings she constantly quotes; and (c) to give full information regarding all works and periodicals quoted or referred to in the main text and in the Compiler’s Notes, with or without biographical data about their authors. All such works are marked with an asterisk ( *) In addition to that, rather extensive biographical sketches have been included, in connection with a number of outstanding workers in the early period of the Theosophical Movement, which should be helpful in acquiring a better knowledge concerning the history of the Movement as a whole.

AEACUS (Greek Myth.) A lesser god renowned for justice and piety. He was a son of Zeus and Aegina, a daughter of the river Asopus. As king of Aegina, he ruled the Myrmidons who were created out of ants by Zeus. When. drought desolated Greece, his intercession obtained rain from Zeus.

ALLEN, GRANT, (pseud.) Charles Grant Blairfinde. (1848-1899). Vide, BCW Vol. X, p. 411, for biographical sketch.

AMÉLINEAU, M. E. (1850-1915) “Essai sur le gnosticisme égyptien, ses développements et son Origine égyptienne,” in Annales du Musée Guimet, Vol. XIV, Paris, 1887. See part 3, pp. 166.322 on the system of Valentinus, and on the Pistis Sophia.

AMMIANUS (b. 325-or 330 at Antioch, d. 395?) A Roman historian of Greek ancestry and noble birth. Served under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis, traveled twice to the East, and narrowly escaped death at Amid (Diarbekr). He accompanied the Emperor Julian in his campaigns against the Persians. Later he settled at Rome, and at an advanced age wrote the history of the Roman empire during the years 96 A.D. to 378 A.D., which constituted an adjunct to the Histories oj Tacitus. Of his Rerum Gestarum Libri xxxi, in 31 books, only 18 survive, covering the years 353 through 378 A.D. His writings are considered very reliable by scholars. Philosophically Ammianus exhibited a tendency towards Neoplatonism, and showed open mindedness, and unprejudiced competence. The earliest edition of the Rerum Gestarum Libri is that of Sabinus, 1474; with notes by Wagner-Erturdt, 1808; by Gardhausen, 1874-75; English translation by P. Holland, London, 1609; and by Charles Duke Younge, (Bohn’s Classical Library) London, 1862.

ANAXAGORAS. Greek philosopher, b. circa 500 B.C. at Clazomenae. He disposed of all his property as a hindrance to his search for knowledge. He studied under Anaximenes of Miletus, and later settled at Athens. His disciples were Socrates, Euripedes, Archelaus, and others of repute. As an Astronomer, he was the first to openly explain the planetary movements, eclipses, etc. His theory of Chaos . . . “nothing comes from nothing”, and “atoms as the essence of all” . . . originating from universal intelligence or Nous, foreshadowed much of present day philosophy. He stated that stars were of the same material as the earth, that the sun was a glowing mass, and the moon was a dark uninhabitable body which reflected the sun. “The real existence of things perceived by the senses, can never be proved.” He died at age 72 at Lampsacus. An edition of his collected fragments has been published by E. Schauhach, Leipsig, 1827; by W. Schorn, Bonn, 1829.

ARCHYTUS (ca. 428.347 B.C.). Greek philosopher, mathematician and statesman of Tarentum who belonged to the Pythagorean school and was an intimate friend of Plato. Elected seven times commander of the army. Tradition says he was drowned on a voyage across the Adriatic, and was buried at Matinum in Apulia. He is described as the eighth leader of the Pythagorean school, and as a pupil of Philolaus. Fragments of his ethical and metaphysical writings are quoted by Stobaeus, Simplicius and others. He is said to have solved the problem of the doubling of the cube, to have invented the methods of analytical geometry, to have been the first to apply the principles of mathematics to mechanics, and to have constructed various machines, such as the wooden flying dove. The study of acoustics and music were also advanced by his investigations.

ARGYLL, GEORGE JOHN DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, EIGHTH DUKE OF (1823-1900). Scottish politician and writer prominent on the Liberal side of Parliamentary politics. Eloquent speaker in the House of Lords and postmaster-general, 1855. Secretary of State for India under Gladstone, 1868. In spite of later political disagreement, his personal relations with Gladstone, based on common intellectual interests, remained unchanged. His chief preoccupation was the reconciliation of the dogma of Christianity with advancing scientific progress. Among his works which had a considerable influence on Victorian thought may be mentioned: *The Reign of Law, 1866; PrimeVal Man, 1869; The Unity of Nature, 1884.

ARNALD DE VILLA NOVA (ca. 1235-1313). Also known as Arnaldus Villanovanus and Arnaud de Villeneuve. Alchemist, astrologer and physician, most likely of Spanish origin; profound student of chemistry, medicine, physics and Arabian philosophy. After baying lived at the court of Aragon, he went to Paris, where he gained considerable reputation, but incurred the enmity of the clergy and was forced to flee, finally finding an asylum in Sicily. In 1313, be was summoned to Avignon by Pope Clement V who was ill, but died on the voyage. A number of alehemical writings are ascribed to him, such as Novum Lumen, Flos Florum, Speculum Alchimiae and Rosarius philosophorurn. Collected editions of them were published at Lyon in 1504 and 1532 (with a biography of Symphorianus Campegus), at Basel in 1585, at Frankfort in 1603, and at Lyon in 1686. A medical work, the Breviarum Practicae is also ascribed to him. Consult E. Lalande, Arnaud de Villeneuve, sa vie et ses oeuvres, 1896.

ASKEW, DR. ANTHONY (1722-1774). Classical scholar, educated at Cambridge. Studied medicine at Leyden one year, remained three more abroad traveling and buying books before commencing practice at Cambridge in 1750. Had accumulated many valuable MSS. and books numbering over 7000 which were eagerly bought on his passing. MS. No. 5114,* Piste Sophia Coptice was purchased by the British Museum in 1785. C. G. Woide (1725.1790) librarian at the Museum, began serious studies on the MS.

BALDWIN, JOHN DENISON (1809-1883). Pre-Historic Nations, or inquiries concerning some of the great peoples and civilizations of antiquity, and their probable relation to a still older civilization of the Ethiopians or Cushites of Arabia. London, 1869.

BARTHÉLEMY SAINT-HILAIRE, JULES. French philosopher and statesman. Born in Paris August 19, 1805 and died November 24, 1895. Journalist in his early years, he opposed the reactionary policy of the King in Le Globe. After the revolution of 1830, he contributed to various French journals, but in 1833 turned to ancient philosophy and produced a translation of Aristotle which occupied him between 1837 and 1892. He held the chair of ancient philosophy at the college de France from 1838 on, and became a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science, 1839. Appointed senator for life in 1875, he was minister of foreign affairs in the cabinet of Jules Ferry. He combined political interests with a great deal of scholarly research and writing. In addition to his monumental work on Aristotle (35 volumes), he wrote: Des Védas (1854); Le Bouddha et sa Religion (1860); Du Bouddhisme (1855); Mahomet et le Coran (1865).

BAYLE, PIERRE. French critic, and embattled Protestant philosopher. Born November 18, 1647 at Carlat, son of Jean Pastor, and Jennes de Brugnieres. He was educated at the universities of Puylaurens and Toulouse, briefly tried Catholicism. At Geneva, theology courses developed discussion and thus his penchant toward scepticism. He was preceptor in several homes in Paris, before becoming Professor of Philosophy at Sedan, remaining till October 1681, then filling the same post at Rotterdam until 1693. While at Sedan, he had started his letter on the comet of 1680, which was published anonymously in 1682, also (anonymously) his criticism of Maimbourg’s Calvinism, which author had been burned by the inquisition. Bayle’s notoriety became considerable. In 1684, he published a few curious pieces on M. Descartes’ philosophy, and founded the periodical News of the Republic of Letters. Deprived of his post in 1693, he labored 14 hours a day for 4 years on his magnum opus, Dictionnaire Critique et Historique, which first appeared in two folio volumes, 1695-96, and was promptly banned in France. A new edition appeared in Holland twice the original size, with the author promising to modify certain ideas, but little changes were made, and it was placed on the Pope’s Index. Editions of 1702, 1713, 1720, and 1730 appeared with Bayle’s supplements. An early English edition was the 10 volume folio of 1735-41, with the last volume as an Index. This work was the forerunner of all biographical dictionaries, and is unique in that the author gave free reign to his opinions throughout. In personal habits Bayle was remarkable for his simplicity, and in character irreproachable. He died December 23, 1706.

BIRCH, SAMUEL (b. November 3, 1813—d. December 27, 1885). English Egyptologist and antiquary, son of the rector of St. Mary Woolnoth, London. Showed interest in obscure subjects at an early age. Briefly at record office, appointed to antiquities dept. British Museum 1836 on account of Chinese proficiency. Later head of Egyptian and Assyrian sections, being for many years the museum S sole Egyptian scholar. He compiled an hieroglyphic grammar and dictionary, histories, studies, and translations numbering over 40 publications; in these subjects, the most popular being his translation of The Harris Papyrus of Rameses III Era. In addition, he wrote on the philology of Chinese and Cypriote. A biography of him was written by Walter De Gray Birch, (b. 1842-d. 19??) which includes a comprehensive bibliography, published at London, 1886.

<nowiki>*</nowiki>BOOK OF THE WISDOM OF SOLOMON. One of the so-called Apocrypha of the Old Testament. An essay on Wisdom as divine agent in the creation and government of the world. Emanated most likely from intellectual circles of the Jewish Diaspora in Alexandria, and is not earlier than about 150 B.C. It exhibits Platonic and Pythagorean tendencies. Included in R. H. Charles’ Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Oxford, 1963-64, Vol. I. See also: The Jewish Encyclopaedia, Vol. II, p. 4.46 ft. for extensive review of works and commentaries: (Funk & Wagnall, London and N.Y.C., 1890.)

BOULEY, HENRI-MARIE. Veterinarian, born in Paris, May 17, 1814. He entered Alfort school October 1832, became Chief of the school’s clinic, 1837, Assistant Prof. of Pathology, 1839, and assumed the school’s leadership, in 1845, thereafter becoming inspector General of Veterinary schools from 1864 onward. He administered several missions to investigate bovine pests in England and elsewhere 1865.1867, and was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1868; replaced Claude Bernard in the Chair of Comparative Pathology of the Museum, 1879. He also was instrumental in obtaining legislation towards strict sanitary regulations in France. He wrote an almost infinite number of papers on every aspect of animal health and disease, and was the author of: Lecons de pat hologie cornparée, (au Muséum) Paris, 1882-1883; 2 Vols. son Traitée de l’organisation du pied du cheval, Paris, 2 Vols., 1851. He also collaborated on several dictionaries, periodicals, and treatises. He died November 30th, 1885.

BRUCE, JAMES (1730-1794). Scottish explorer of Africa, born at Kinnard House, Sterlingshire, December 14th. Educated at Harrow and Edinburgh Universities, his wife dying in 1754 after nine months of marriage. Curiosity about oriental MSS. studied at the Escurial in Spain, determined his future Arabic studies. In 1763 he was Council at Algiers commissioned to study antiquities in the area. In 1765 while journeying to various sites, he was shipwrecked, swam ashore, and continued to explore in the Middle East making careful drawings as he went. During this period, he gained enough knowledge of medicine to pass as a physician in these countries. In 1768 he began the quest for the source of the Nile, and reached Abyssinia in 1770, where he was well accepted, a rarity for foreigners. It was during this period of over two years when on good terms with negus Tekla Haimanot II, Ras Micheal the ruler of Abyssinia, and his wife Ozoro Esther, and the people of the country in general, that Bruce obtained many valuable manuscripts, including the Book of Enoch, portions of the Pistis Sophia, and others of major import, now deposited at the Bodleian Library. After difficult travels, he reached Cairo in 1773 and London in 1774, where his accounts of his explorations were received with incredulity. His major work is:

BRUGSCH-BEY, HEINRICH KARL (1827.1894). Vide, BCW Vol. XI, p. 568.

BUNSEN, CHRISTIAN CHARLES JOSIAH, BARON von. Egypt’s place in Universal History, tr. by C. H. Cottrell from German, with additions by Samuel Birch, 5 Vols. London, 1848-1867. Vide, BCW Vol. X, p. 415.

CAMBRY, JACQUES DE (1749-1807). “Polygraphe”, or a writer on many subjects, H.P.B. refers to his Monurnens Celtiques, ou recherches sur le culte des Pierres, Paris, 1805.

CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN. Naturalist. He was the eldest son of Dr. Lant Carpenter. He was born at Exeter on 29 October, 1813. His father removed to Bristol in 1817. Young Carpenter received his early education there in his father’s notable school, and acquired both exact classical and scientific knowledge. He passed some time in the West Indies as companion to Mr. Estlin. After preliminary work at Bristol Medical School, Carpenter entered University College, London in 1833, as a medical student. After obtaining the Surgeons’ and Apothecaries’ diplomas in 1835 he went to the Edinburgh Medical School and commenced researches on physiology. He wrote papers which showed a marked tendency to seek large generalizations and to bring all the natural sciences to the elucidation of vital functions.

His Principles of General and Comparative Physiology, published in 1839 was the first English book which contained adequate conceptions of a science of biology. He found the anxieties of general medical practice too great for his keen susceptibilities, and undertook further literary work, including a useful and comprehensive Popular Cyclopedia of Science, 1843. In 1844, be moved to London. In 1856, on appointment as registrar of the University of London till his resignation in 1879, when he received the distinction of a C.B., he was appointed a crown member of the senate on the next vacancy and continued an active member till his death, which occurred on 19 November, 1885.

CASSIANUS, JOANNES FREMITA, (or Joannes Massiliensis). Born Circa 360, probably in Provence. At Monastery in Bethlehem during early life with Germanus with whom he visited Egypt and dwelt among ascetics for many years. Deaconized at Constantinople in 403 by John Chrysostom, founded a convent and abbey at Marseilles after 410. Celebrated there on July 25th annually. Writings show orthodoxy and simple directness. At the request of Castor, Bishop of Apt, he wrote De Institutione Coenbiorurn on the monastic life. His Collationes Patrurn is a series of Dialogs with Egyptian holy men on the avoidance of wrong action and demons. See: Opera Omnia Corn Cornrnentariis, In, Patrologie Latina, series Latina, Vol. 49, 50. Paris, 1846.

CLARKE, HYDE (1815-1895). Contributor to Long’s Geography of Eng. gland and Wales (statistical information).

COMPTE, ISADORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER (1798-1857). Catechism positiviste, etc., etc. Paris, 1852, translated by Richard Congreve as, Catechism of Positive Religion, London, 1858, 3rd ed., 1891.

CONWAY, MONCURE DANIEL (1832-1907). The Sacred Anthology. A book of ethnical (ethnic) scriptures. Collected and edited by M.D.C. London, 1874. 26 other titles by this author.

CREUZER, GEORG FRIEDRICH. German philologist and archaeologist. Born at Marburg, March 10, 1771; died at Heidelberg, February 16, 1858. Prof. of Philology and Ancient History at Heidelberg for nearly 45 years. His first and most famous work was his Symbolik aud Mythologie der alten Völker, besonders der Griechen (1810-1812), in which he maintained that Homer and Hesiod drew upon Eastern sources for their mythology, which was an ancient revelation that had come down through the Pelasgians. J. D. Guignaut’s Religions de l’antiquite (Paris, 1825-39, in 10 Vols.) is an annotated and expanded translation of Creuzer’s Symbolik.

CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER (1814-1893). Director, Archeological Survey of India, Reports. 12 Vols., Simla aud Calcutta, 1871-80; Vide, BCW V, p. 372.

DARMESTETER, JAMES (1849.1894). See BCW Vol. IV, p. 641.

DELBOEUF, JOSEF REMY LEOPOLD (1831-1896). “Logique algorithmigue, Essai sur un Systèm de sigues appliqué à la logique, avec une Introduction ou sant traitées les questions générales relatives à l’emploi des notations dans les sciences”. (Revue Philosophique) Liége, Coulommiers, 1877. Questiones de philosophie et de science, etc., etc., (Revue Philosophique) Paris, Liége, 1883. The latter article is the one referred to by H.P.B. in “Babel of Modern Thought” [cf. p. 83 ff. in this vol.]. Delboeuf’s writings begin in 1858, and concern themselves with the same general themes.

DE PALM, JOSEPH HENRY LOUIS, BARON (1809-1876). Austrian nobleman. The subject of the first legal cremation in America, December, 1876. Over 7000 journals carried articles commenting upon the unprecedented event. See: The Theosophist, Vol. I, p. 187, April, 1880. [The percentage of those requesting this method of interment as of 1980 is over half in the United States].

DE WINDT, HARRY. A Ride to India across Persia and Baluchistan . . . With Illustrations etc., 340 pp. London, Chapman & Hall, 1891.

DIDRON, ADOLPHE NAPOLEON. Archeologist, born at Hautvillers (Marne) March 13, 1806. Educated at the seminaries of Meaux aud Reims, and then in law and medicine at Paris. Following a trip to Normandy with Victor Hugo in 1830, he turned to archeology. In 1835 he was named secretary of the committee of arts and monuments {{Page aside|380}}formed by Guizot. In 1844 he founded Annales archeologiques which he directed until 1867. At Paris in 1849 he began the manufacture of stained glass windows, used in churches throughout France; later a bronze foundry as well. He was the author of several works dealing with these subjects, aud left considerable treatises on archeology which at the time of his passing were unpublished. Archeology in England, 1857; Paganism in Christian Art, 1853; Iconography of the Opera, 1864. He died November 13, 1867.

DONDUKOV-KORSAKOV, PRINCE ALEXANDER MIHAYLOVICH (1820-1893). Vide, BCW Vol. VI, p. 432.

DILLMAN, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1823-1894). German Orientalist aud biblical scholar, born at Tübingen, April 24th. For a short time was pastor at Gersheim, then devoted himself to the study of Ethiopic MSS. in the libraries of Paris, London, and Oxford, causing a revival of Ethiopic study in the 19th century. In 1847 and 1848 prepared catalogs for the British Museum, and Bodleian Library. Appointed Professor Extraordinarius at Tübingen, 1853, Professor of Philosophy at Kiel, 1854, of Theology at Giessen, 1864, and at Berlin in 1869. In 1851 he published a translation of the Book of Enoch, and completed a translation of the Ethiopic bible (Octateuchus Aethiopicus) 1853-55. There followed a long series of theological studies based upon these early manuscripts, the last appearing in 1895, shortly following his death on the 4th of July, 1894.

DRAPER, JOHN WILLIAM (1811.1882). History of the Conflict of Religion and Science. New York, Appleton Co., 1874, xxii, 373 pp.; 3rd ed., 1875, etc. Vide, BCW Vol. III, p. 502; Vol. VI, p. 432.

DULAURIER, JEAN PAUL LOUIS FRANÇOIS ÉDUARDE LEUGE. Histoire, Dogmes, traditions et liturgie de Église armenienne orientale, 2nd edition revised and corrected, Paris, 1857. Recherches sur la chronologie arménienue technique et historique; ouvrage format les prolegoménes de la Bibliothéque historique armeniénne; Chronolgie technique, Paris, 1859. See also his article in Le Moniteur, September 27, 1838; and, Journal Asiatique 4th series, volume 11, June, pp. 534-48, ‘Notice sur le Manuscript coptethébain, instituté La Fidele Sagesse; et sur Ia Publication projetée du Texte et de la Traduction francaise de ce Manuscript.’ On p. 542 Dulaurier states that he had completed his translation of the Pistis Sophia. However, it was never printed.

<center>JOHN W. KEELY</center>

<center>J.W. Keely in his study. On his left is the globe motor and in the</center>

<center>background is the combined disintegrator. (See overleaf for chart of</center>

<center>Harmonic Evolutions).</center>

Chart of Harmonic Evolutions

EGINHARDUS (b. circa 770, died 840). His original name being Einhard, also known as Einhartus, Ainhardus, or Heinhardus in early manuscripts. Son of nobility, born near the river Main, educated at the monastary of Fulda, and being precocious was transferred to the palace of Charlemagne in 796. One of a group of scholars around Charlemagne, entrusted with public buildings. Obtained the signature of Pope Leo III regarding land divisions, and retained his position on the accession of Louis in 814. Tutor for Lothair I, who later showed him favor, as emperor. Married Emma, sister of Bernharius, Bishop of Worms, which marriage was later the basis of a romantic fairy tale popular in mediaeval literature. In 815 he was bestowed the domains of Michelstadt aud Mulenheim in the Oldenwald. He is mentioned in several documents as Abbot of eight monastaries in the region. Made peace overtures between Louis 1st’s family after the Emperor’s second marriage. Retired at Mulinheim (later Silgenstadt) 830, and died 14 March, 840. He was a man of very short stature, knew Latin and Greek, and was an intimate of Alcuin. His most well known work is Vita Karoli Magni, which had a prologue added by Walafrid Strabo, and is the best account we have of the life of Charlemagne, containing much intimate information only possible by one closely trusted. First published at Cologne, 1521. English translations by W. Glaister, London, 1877; German translation by Otto Abel, Leipzig, 1893.

ENNEMOSER, JOSEPH (1787-1854). History of Magic, Bohn’s Library, London, 1854. Vide, BCW, Vol. V. p. 373.

FOUCHER, PAUL. Born at Tours April 4, 1704 to a family in the silk industry. After education by the Jesuits, he turned to poetry briefly before rejecting his father’s business in favor of the study of ancient languages at the Sorbonne, thus cutting off his inheritance. He then became tutor for the Duchess of Tremolle. Admitted to l’Academie des inscriptions 1753, he wrote Traite historique d ela religion des Perses, in volumes 25, 27, 29, 31, and 39 of Memoires of the Academy. In this treatise he discusses the origins of the Zoroastrian religion, and its comparisons with that of the Hebrew, Pythagorean, Platonic, and Gnostic systems; refutes Thomas Hyde’s De religione Persarum, concerning the purity of the basis of Magianism.

FREPPEL, CHARLES EMILE. French bishop and politician, born at Oberehenheim, Alsace, June 1, 1827; died at Angers, December 12, 1891. Consecrated Bishop at Angers, 1870. Elected, 1880, deputy for {{Page aside|382}}Brest. Being the only priest in the Chamber of Deputies, he became the chief parliamentary champion of the Church, voting of course with the Royalist and Catholic party. Among his many scholarly works is the one entitled *Les Apologistes chrétiens au second siécle (1860, 2 Vols.).

FRESNEL, FULGENCE. French Orientalist born at Mathieu April 15, 1795. His youth was devoted to scientific pursuits, translating Berzelius aud later translating Tieck from German, in 1821. At Maronites College, Rome, he studied Arabic before going to Egypt in 1831. There he studied with the Mullas, aud became consular agent at Djeddah in 1837, becoming proficient in the chikili aud makhri dialects aud with Arabic to an extent that he was consulted by the sheiks. He was the first to translate Himyarite inscriptions, aud wrote of a variety of topics including pine-Islamic history. Returning to Europe, he was placed in charge of the expedition to Mesopotamia in 1851 in company with Felix Thomas aud Jules Oppert. Recalled in 1854, Fresnel elected to remain. He died at Bagdad, November 30, 1855. His writings on the ex’pedition are contained in M. Oppert’s work, Expedition en Mesopotamie, 2 Vols., 1858, 1863. A few of Finesnel’s more important works; Hoa-tchou-onan ou le Livre rnysterieux, Paris, 1822; Poesies du desert de Schanfara, Paris 1834; Recherches sur les inscriptions himyariques, dans Journal asiatique, Paris 1845; Memoire de M. Fresnel, consul de France d Djeddah, sur les caravanes du Wadog, dans Annales des Voyages, (no date). Fresuel was an accomplished linguist aud his abilities in Arabic were considered extraordinary.

FRST, JULIUS. German Orientalist, born of Jewish parents at Zerkowo in Posen, May 12, 1805; died at Leipzig, February 9, 1872. Professor of Aramaic at Leipzig aud author of several scholarly treatises, among them the Hebriiisches und Chaldijisehes Handweirterbuch itber das Alte Testament (Leipzig, 1851-61, 2 Vols., Engl. transl. by S. Davidson, London, 1867, 1871).

GASPARIN, AGENOR, COMPTE DE. Born in Orange, July 12, 1810. First cabinet chief (1836) under his father Count Adrien, who was Minister of the Interior. Named magistrate reporter for the state council, 1837. In 1842, Bastia named him envoy to the Chamber of Deputies where he displayed considerable eloquence. He journeyed to the Orient in 1847, protesting against Fevinier’s revolution from Cairo, aud then changing from political interests to the defense of Protestantism, which occupied the remainder of his years. Christianism {{Page aside|383}}aud Paganism, was published in Geneva, 2 Vols., 1846. This began a long series of similar works which included treatises on moral behavior, family life, etc. He was a vehement pacifist, aud made exertions against the Franco-Prussian war, which due to his proximity to the border (Leman, since 1849) hastened his demise, on May 14th, 1871. His last published work was France, 2 Vols., Paris, 1872.

GINSBURG, CHRISTIAN DAVID. Born December 25, 1831. Educated in his native city at Rabbinic College. With special attention to the Megilloth, he translated the Song of Songs with a commentary in London, 1857. This was followed by a translation of Ecelesiastes (Coheleth) 1861; The Karaites, Their History and Literature, 1862; The Essenes, 1864; The Kabbalah, 1865. In 1867 he edited The Massoreth-Ha-Massoreth of Elias Levita; The Moabite Stone, (tin.) 1870. In that year he was appointed to the committee for the revision of the English version of the Old Testament. His life work culminated in the publication of the Massorab in 3 volumes, 1880-1886. To obtain materials for it, he scoured the libraries aud monasteries of Europe aud the Middle East to discover many obscure manuscripts, over a period of 25 years. He next published Leviticus with Commentary, 1885; The Masoretico-Critical Edition of the hebrew Bible, 1894; Facsimiles of Manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, 1897-1898; The Text of the Hebrew Bible in Abbreviations, 1903; and, “On the Relationship of The So Called Codex Babylonaicus of A.D. 916 to the Eastern Reseension of the Hebrew Text,” 1899, for private circulation. He contributed many articles to Smith’s Dictionary of Christian Biography, Kitto’s Encyclopedia, and, in the Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th edition a valuable article on the Kabbalab. It is possible he used the pen name “Nurho de Manhar” for a translation of the Zohar that appeared serially in E. T. Hargrove’s periodical The Word. The manuscript used differs from both the Mautua & Cremona MSS. of the Zohar, aud halts abruptly on the death of Ginsburg, March 7, 1914. Style aud references to supporting materials, British grammar, typos caused by a remote location of an author unable to proof copy, aud A. E. Waite’s listing of a “Nurho de Manhar” joining the Golden Dawn in 1888, indicate that Ginsburg may have lead two lives.

GLANVILL, JOSEPH (1636.1680). Sadducismus Triumphatus, etc., London, 1681. Vide, BCW Vol. V, p. 374.

HESYCHIUS OF MILETUS. Greek chronicler aud biographer, surnamed Illustratius, son of an advocate; flourished at Constantinople in the 5th century A.D. during the reign of Justinian. Author of a Compendium of Universal History in six books, of which only a fragment of the sixth has been preserved; a Biographical Dictionary of Learned Men, fragments of which are in Photius aud Suidas; aud a History of the Reign of Justin h (518-527) aud the early years of Justinian, completely lost.

HIGGINS, GODFREY A. (1773-1833). Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil of the Saitie Isis, etc. 2 Vols. Lougmans Co., London, 1836. Limited to 200 copies. Reprinted 1867, 1925, 1965.

HUGHES, A. W. The Country of Baluehistan; Its Geography, Topography, Ethnology and History, etc., etc. Illustrated with Map, London, 1877.

IAMBLICHUS (255-333 A.D.) - Vide, BCW Vol. XII, p. 751.

INMAN, THOMAS (1830-1876). Ancient Faiths Embodied in Ancient Names. 2 Vols., London, 1868-69. Vide, BCW Vol. XI, p. 579.

JNNADEVA (1275.1296). Truly one of India’s noblest Yogis. His poetic commentary on the Bhagavad Gltd. Jmiueshwari, was called by H.P.B. a “superb mystic treatise”. In her notes on the Voice of the Silence she quotes parts of it. See Judneshwari, tins, by R. K. Bbagwat, Madras, Samata Books, 1954; Jmineshvari, translated from the Marathi by V. G. Pradan, Boston, Allen & Unwin, 1967; also, The Philosophy of Jminadeva by B. P. Bahirat, Bombay, Popular Book Depot, 1956. This contains a translation of one of Juanadeva’s original works, Amritanubhava.

KATKOV, MIKAIL NIKIPHROVITCH (1820-1887). Publisher. See: From the Caves and Jungles of Hindustan, by II. P. Blavatsky, edited by Boris de Zirkoft, T.P.H., Wheaton, 1975; p. 670, 672 aud index.

 

KEELY, JOHN ERNST WORRELL. Born 1837. Philadelphia inventor possessing peculiar mental aud psychic capacities, who invented a wide variety of devices said to be based on an undiscovered force in nature, related to the harmonics of etheric laya centers. He was first able to demonstrate a machine in 1872, and, unaware of the full implications of his work, formed the “Keely Motor Company” aud {{Page aside|385}}issued stock in 1874 in pursuit of commercial success. His first machines were of megalithic proportions, one weighing 22 tons. Most were implemented by the Atlantic Works, aud the Delaware Iron Works, of Philadelphia, aud were scrapped in turn as they were superceded by smaller more sophisticated models. His Generator of 1878 weighed 3 tons, measured 3 x 5 feet, aud had small spherical chambers, five stand tubes of various sizes, aud used but one quart of water to produce 54,000 pounds per square inch pressure. No heat, electricity, or chemicals were used. It was started by moving a four-way valve, there being no other moving parts. Output remained constant regardless of work effected. Unscrupulous stock speculators caused Keely great difficulties, aud Keely himself saw little of the proceeds. Mr. 0. M. Babcock issued in response to countless inquiries, a pamphlet of 32 pages explaining the vicissitudes of the Keely Motor Co. It measures 4” x 6”, aud carries on the front cover Exposition of the Keel y Motor, financial, mechanical, philosophical, historical, aetnal, prospective; Philadelphia, June 1881. On the back cover: The Doom of Steam, Or, the Coming Force, etc., etc. 25. It is now extremely scarce. It was at this time that stockholders obtained court orders against Keely, aud he destroyed many of his machines aud drawings, in fear of confiscation. Later, based on two new inventions, the Vapor Gun, aud the Automatic Water Lift, capital stock was increased from 20,000 to 100,000 shares. The latter invention implemented the raising of water to any height without the application of extraneous power. Of the 80,000 new shares, not 5,000 reached Keely, aud these were used for his necessities. Through manipulation aud frauds, only about one quarter were actually paid for. Through these calumnies his staunch friend aud benefactor Mrs. Clara (nee Jessup) Bloomfield Moore aided him with financial backing aud influence in society. She seemed to be of a keen scientific bent aud ability as demonstrated by her book: Keely aud his Discoveries: Aerial Navigation. Kegan Paul Trench Trubuer Co., London. 1893 (xxviii; 372 pp.) (Reprinted by University Books, NYC, 1972.) Keely had to invent a new terminology to describe his unprecedented ideas, and totally unique machines: Compound Disintegrator, Spirophone, Vibrodyne, Planetary system Engine, Provisional Engine, aud a “Machine for Testing Vibrations under Different Orders of Evolution”. All of these devices were demonstrated successfully during 24 years. By 1888, however, the courts again threatened, aud this time Mrs. Bloomfield-Moore’s son, was able to deprive his mother of all legal aud material rights, thus stopping the flow of his “inheritance” toward Keely’s endeavors. Keely destroyed his Vibratory Microscope {{Page aside|386}}aud valuable papers, aud vanished from public view. By the this time he had postulated a system of 7 distinct orders of existence with 3 subdivisions . . . between molecular aud the “interetheric”. He died alone aud destitute in November 1898. For further reading see:

KEIGHTLEY, BERTRAM (1860-1945). See biographical sketch in BCW Vol. IX, pp. 432.35.

KENRICK, JOHN. Classical scholar aud historian, was eldest SON of Timothy Keurick by his first wife, Mary. He was born at Exeter on 4 February 1788. In 1793, he began his education under Charles Lloyd, LL.D. aud made such progress that in his twelfth year he was admitted to the Exeter academy as a student for the ministry under his father aud Joseph Bretlaud. His first teaching post was at Devonshire 1804. He continued his theological studies till 1807, when he entered Glasgow University. ON leaving Glasgow he accepted a tutorship in classics, history, aud literature at the Manchester College, York. In July 1817, he was granted a year’s absence for study in Germany. He studied history at Gottingen under Heeren. The following summer semester he devoted to classical study at Berlin under