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354
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT
The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies and the Index (with square brackets), as well as in the English translations of original French and Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary, as for instance in the case of the Anusvâra, the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore of a selective nature.
It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated too many alterations, and almost certainly would have produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been adhered to throughout.
355
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
The material contained in the following pages is of necessity a selective one, and is intended to serve three purposes: (a) to give condensed information, not otherwise readily available, about the life and writings of some individuals mentioned by H. P. B. in the text, and who are practically unknown to the present-day student; (b) to give similar data about a few well-known scholars who are discussed at length by H. P. B., and whose writings she constantly quotes; and (c) to give full information regarding all works and periodicals quoted or referred to in the main text and in the Compiler’s Notes, with or without biographical data of their authors. All such works are marked with an asterisk (*).
Acilius Glabrio. Roman tribune of the plebs, 201 b.c., when he opposed the claim of Cn. Corn. Lentulus, one of the consuls of that year, to the province of Africa, which a unanimous vote of the tribes had already decreed to P. Scipio Africanus I. The following years, Glabrio was appointed commissioner of sacred rites {decemvir sacrorurn). He was praetor in 196 b.c. and praetor peregrinus the next year. He became consul in 191 b.c., the year Rome declared war against Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. In the allotment of the provinces, Greece, the seat of war, fell to Glabrio. He was eminently successful in this campaign, and won a decisive victory over the armies of Antiochus at Thermopylae.
Agrippa of Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (1486?-1535). *De occulta philosophia libri tres, Beringo Fratres, Lugduni, 1533.— Three Books of Occult Philosophy. Transl. by J.F., London, 1650.
Aldrovandi, Ulysse. One of the most distinguished Italian naturalists of the 16th century; b. at Bologna, Sept. 11, 1522; d. May 10, 1605. Educated partly in native city and partly at Padua. Arrested as heretic at Rome, 1549. After liberation, wrote treatise on statuary. Took degree in medicine at Univ, of Bologna. From 1560, occupied there chairs of botany and natural history, practising medicine for some time. Established botanical garden at Bologna, 1567, and organized museum of nat. hist.; aroused interest in natural sciences when it was neglected, and was the first one to make a real herbarium; travelled widely. His chief work on nat. hist, is Ornithologia (Bologna, 1599-1603. 12 vols.), of which five vols. were prepared during his life, and seven were published after his death. His collections were given by will to the Senate of Bologna, and became the germ of the 356great Museum of that city. Many of his MSS. and drawings are in the Library of Bologna. Other works: De animalibus insectis libri septem. Francofurti: I. Hoferi, 1623.—De piscibus libri V, etc., 1613.
Alexander Trallianus. One of the most eminent of the ancient physicians, b. at Tralles, a city of Lydia, sometime in the sixth cent. a.d. Brought up under his father, Stephanus, also a physician. A man of extensive practice, long experience and great reputation in Rome, Spain, Gaul and Italy. His chief work called Biblia Yatrika (in Latin, Libri Duodecim de Re Medico) was written by him in an extreme old age, from the results of his own vast experience; it was ed. in Greek by Jac. Goupylus, Paris, 1548, fol., and publ. again with a Latin trans, by Jos. Guinterus Andernacus, Basel, 1556. Alexander wrote other medical works, such as De Lumbricis (Venice, 1570).
Amiot (also Amyot), Joseph-Maria. French missionary to China, b. at Toulon, Feb. 8. 1718; d. at Peking, Oct. 8 or 9, 1793. Joined Soc. of Jesus, 1737. Sent to China as missionary, 1740, and remained at Peking for 43 years. Won confidence of Emperor Kien Long; learned Tartar and Chinese; proficient in music, physics, literature, history, mathematics; made special study of Chinese music, and gathered a great deal of information concerning Chinese life. Most of his writings are contained in a Collection known as * Mémoires concernant l’histoire, les sciences, les arts, les moeurs, les usages, etc. des Chinois, par les Missionnaires de Pékin [J. Amiot, C. Bourgeois, Cibot, Ko, Poirot, A. Gaubil]. Edited by C. Batteux, L. G. Oudart Feudrix de Bréquigny, J. de Guignes, and A. I. Silvestre de Sacy. 16 vols. Paris, 1776-1814, 4to. An earlier ed. is mentioned as of 1776-89, in 15 vols. Paris: Nyon aîné.·—-Amiot also compiled a Dictionnaire Tatare-Mantcheou-Français, edited by Langlès, Paris, 1789. 3 vols.; and a Grammaire Tatare- Mantcheou (in Vol. Ill of the above-mentioned Mémoires, etc.); he also wrote a very fine Abrégé historique des principaux traits de la vie de Confucius, Paris, 1789.
Ammianus Marcellinus (330-395 a.d.). *History. Loeb Classical Library.
Anstey, F. (pseud, of Thomas Anstey Guthrie, 1856-1934). *A Fallen Idol. New York: J. W. Lowell Co., 1886; new ed., London: Smith Elder & Co., 1902. Reviewed at great length in The Theosophist, Vol. VII, pp. 791-96.
Apuleius, Lucius (b. 125 a.d. ?). *De Deo Socratis Liber (On the God of Socrates). In Pétrone, Apulée, Aulu-Gelle. OEuvres complètes, Désiré Nizard. Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cie., 1882. Latin and French text.—*Metamorphosea (Golden Ass). Loeb Classical Library.
357 Aristophanes (448?-380? b.c.), *Ranae (The Frogs). See The Comedies of Aristophanes. Ed. and transl. by Benjamin Bickley Rogers. 6 vols. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1919. 2nd ed.
Aristotle (384-322 b.c.). *De generations animalium. See Philoponus on Aristotle’s De gen. anim. Ed. Michael Hayduck. Berlin, 1903, p. 86, lines 10 and 11.
Arnold, Sir Edwin (1832-1904). *The Light of Asia, or the Great Renunciation (Mahdbhintshkramana). London: Trübner & Co., 1879. Many editions since.
Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, Jules (1805-95). No specific work mentioned; quotation untraced.
Benedict (Benoit) XIV, Pope (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini) (1675-1758). *De servorum Dei beatificatione et de beatorum canonization. In his Complete Works, Rome, 1747-51 ; Venice, 1767; Prato 1839-1846.—Heroic Virtue: a part of the treatise of Benedict XIV on the beatification, etc. Tr. into English. London: T. Richardson & son, 1850-52. 3 vols.
Bentley, Richard (1662-1742). English scholar and critic, born at Oulton, Yorkshire, and educated at St. John’s College, Oxford. Early in life became intimate with many distinguished scholars, and took orders in 1690; became keeper of the Royal library, 1693. In 1700 he was chosen master of Trinity College, where he instituted wide-spread reform against much opposition; the feud was kept up some thirty years in all, but Bentley did not lose his position. He is considered as the first Englishman, and perhaps the only one, who can be ranked with the great heroes of classical learning. Self-taught, he created his own science. The English school of Hellenists, by which the 18th century was distinguished, was Bentley’s creation; his influence reached various countries of Europe. Apart from a considerable number of editions of classical writers, such as Cicero, Aristophanes, Horace, Menander, Terence, and others, he wrote a work proposing a New Edition of the Greek Testament, intended to restore the Greek text as received by the Church at the time of the Council of Nicaea.
Bertrand, Abbé François Marie (1807-1881), *Dictionnaire Universel historique et comparatif de toutes les religions du monde, etc. 4 vols. Paris, 1848-50; in J. P. Migne, Encyclopédie théologique, tom. 24-27.
*Bibliothèque des sciences. Vide Dean, Richard.
Binsfeld, Pierre (Petrus Binsfeldius). Flemish theologian, b. in Luxemburg early in 16th cent.; d. at Trêves (Trier), Nov. 24, 1598. His parents were quite poor, and he worked as domestic in his youth; his inclinations for sciences noted by Jean von Bridell, abbé of Hemmenrode, of the Order of Citeaux, who gave 358him means to study; after studying humanities, he went to the Collège Germanique, Rome, graduating in philosophy and theology, becoming doctor of theology, 1577. At first, canon at Trêves, then suffragan bishop under the Elector Jacques d’Eltz; continued as such under Jean of Schoenenburg, who appointed him to combat in his diocese the heresy of Olevianus; was ordered later to re-establish discipline among the monks of the Abbaye de Prûm, in which he was quite successful. He became bishop in partibus of Azot, 1589. Works: De maleficis et mathematicis, 1589, 1591, 1596, a learned defense of the credibility of witch-confessions, which for over a century played the part of a Code to the witch-prosecutors. He also wrote a Commentary on the title of this work.—*Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum et sagarum recognitus. Augustae Trevirorum, 1591, 1596, 1623.—Enchiridion Theologiae pastorales, Douay, 1630, 1636.
*Biographie universelle, etc. Vide Cuvier, Frédéric.
Bleuler, Eugen. Swiss physician, b. at Zollikon, near Zürich, April 30, 1857. Director of the Health Center Rheinau, 1886-98; later, prof, of psychiatry at the Univ, of Zürich, and director of the Health Center at Burghölzli. Famous through his research on Schizophrenia and Psychology. Wrote: Naturgeschichte der Seele und ihres Bewusstseins, 1921.—Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. 4th. ed., Berlin, 1923.
Bodin, Jean. Famous French magistrate and political philosopher, b. at Angers, 1530; d. at Laon, 1596. Studied law at Toulouse; settled in Paris as advocate, but soon went into politics. His learning, genial disposition and conversational powers won him the friendship of Henry III, which later was lost to him through jealousy. Appointed king’s attorney at Laon, 1576; the same year represented the tiers état of Vermandois in the states-general of Blois; defended with skill freedom of conscience, justice and peace ; resisted clergy and nobility, opposing the idea that all the king’s subjects should be Catholic. Joined the party of due d’Alençon, brother of Henry HI, and acted as his secretary, 1581, when that prince came over to England. Latter part of life spent at Laon writing ; died of the plague. Bodin was a man of action, enterprizing, dynamic; the leading thinker of France at the time, perhaps even of Europe; he exercised strong influence over the people and can be considered the father of political science in France. His Six livres de la République (Paris, 1576, 1578), trans, into Latin by himself, laid foundation of political economy; in it he opposes the Divine Right of Kings, considers the family as the corner-stone of the state, and holds that laws and institutions correspond to three climatic zones. His remarkable work *De la Démonomanie des Sorciers (Paris, 1580, 4to; also 1581, 1587, 1593) demonstrates that spirits have communication with mankind and 359covers the vast field of evocations, ecstasies, spells, sorcery, etc.; it supports the reality of magic and witchcraft on the authority of Scriptures, Councils and Popes, refuting the work of John Wier who held that sorcerers were fools or people of unsound mind. Other works: Colloquium Heptaplomeres de abditis rerum sublimium arcanis, 1588 (first publ. by Guhrauer, Berlin, 1841, and by L. Noack, 1857). It is a philos. of naturalism cast as a conversation between seven learned men, whose discussion presents other religions to the disadvantage of the Christian faith.—Universale Naturae Theatrum, Lyon, 1590; trans, by de Fougerolles, Lyon, 1597; was suppressed and is very rare now.
Bonnet, Charles. Swiss naturalist and philosopher, b. at Geneva, March 13, 1720; d. May 20, 1793. Belonged to a French family. Educated for the profession of law and became a lawyer, but his favorite pursuit was the study of natural sciences. Member of the Acad, of Sciences, 1740, and of the Royal Society, 1743; doctor of law in the same year. His life was uneventful and he seems never to have left Switzerland. He was a member of the Council of the republic, 1752-68. In 1745 appeared his Traite d’insectologie (Paris: Durand), and in 1754 his Recherch.es sur I’usage des Jeuilles dans lesplantes (Leyden, E. Luzac, 1754), in which he suggested that plants possess sensation and discernment. Very poor eyesight caused Bonnet to turn to philosophy, and he published anonymously in London his Essai de psychologic, 1754, followed soon by his Essai analytique sur les facultes de Fame (Copenhague, 1760), mainly on the physiological conditions of mental activity. In his Contemplation de la nature (Amsterdam, 1764-65. 2 vols. 8-vo), he sets forth the hierarchy of all creatures, and in *La palingenesie philosophique (Geneva, 1769-70. 2 vols. 8-vo) treats of the past and future state of living beings, supporting the idea of the survival of all animals. Bonnet’s complete works appeared at Neuchatel, 1779-83, partly revised by himself.
*Book, of Armagh, The. MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
*Book of Numbers, Chaldean. Probably the source from which the Zohar of Shimon ben Yohai has been derived. Acc. to H.P.B. {Theos. Glossary, p. 75), “it is very rare indeed, there being perhaps only two or three copies extant, and these in private hands.”
Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, Bishop of Meaux (1627-1704). *Traite de la Connaissance de Dieu. Posthumous work; orig. ed., Paris: Vve. Alix, 1741. Many later editions.
Brierre de Boismont, Alexandre-Jacques-Franqois. French physician, specializing in lunacy; b. at Rouen, Oct. 18, 1798; d. at Saint-Mande, Dec. 25, 1881. Entered the profession, 1825; was 360sent to Poland, 1831, for the study of cholera. His treatise on this disease won him a gold medal from the Institute. Took part in founding the Annales médico-psychologiques, and established a lunatic asylum; contributed greatly to the study of general and especially of medico-legal psychiatry. Works: Éléments de botanique (with A. Pottier), Paris, 1825.—Relation historique et médical du choléra-morbus de Pologne. Paris: Germer-Baillière, 1832. 8-vo.— Le délire aigu, 1844.—Traité d’anatomie humaine (with G. Breschet), Paris, 1833.—*Des Hallucinations-, ou histoire raisonnée des apparitions, des visions, des songes, de l’extase, du magnétisme et du somnambulisme. Paris: G. Baillière, 1845. 8-vo. viii, 615 pp.; 2nd ed., 1852; 3rd ed., 1862. Engl. tr. by R. T. Hulme. London: 1859. 1st American ed., Philad.: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1853.
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de (1707-88). *Discours sur la nature des animaux. This is the 2nd Vol. of his Histoire naturelle, orig. ed., Paris: Impr. Royale, 1749.—*Histoire du chien. Most likely a section of the above work.
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Freiherr von (1791-1860). *Egypt’s Place in Universal History. Transi, by C. H. Cottrell. With additions by S. Birch. 5 vols. London, 1848-67. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Vol. I, 1867. 8vo.
Burigny, Jean Lévesque de. French historian; b. at Reims, 1692; d. at Paris, Oct. 8, 1785. In 1713, began compiling with his brother dictionary of universal knowledge embodying a vast amount of material. Worked, 1718, together with St.-Hyacinthe on L’Europe savante, at The Hague. Returning to Paris, devoted his time to historical research. Modest and peace-loving, his only ambition was to be a scholar. His works show a great amount of learning; his lives of Grotius and Erasmus give data not found elsewhere.
Works: Traité de l’autorité du pape, Paris, 1782.— Théologie païenne, Paris, 1754.—Histoire des révolutions de l’empire de Constantinople, The Hague, 1750.— Vie de Bossuet, Paris, 1761.—Traité de Porphyre touchant l’abstinence de la chair, avec la vie de Plotin. Transi, from Greek, Paris, 1740.
Butler (or Boteler), Samuel. English satirical poet, b. at Strensham, Feb. 8, 1612; d. in London, Sept. 25, 1680. Educ. at the King’s school, Worcester, after which he served as a justice’s clerk. Recommended to Elizabeth, Countess of Kent, he had access in her home to a good library and met there John Selden who employed him as secretary. He lived for a long time at the home of Sir Samuel Luke, commander under Cromwell, who appears to have been the original for the chief character in Butler’s poem 361*Hudibras, first part of which appeared in 1663, and won him great renown. A satire on the Puritans, its wit and wisdom are applicable, however, to any age and people. After the Restoration, Butler was appointed secretary to Richard Vaughan, lord president of the principality of Wales. He wrote a considerable number of other satirical poems, but in spite of his renown led a life of indigence and was buried at the expense of a friend.
Butleroff, Alexander Mihaylovich ( 1828-86). *Scientific Letters, published in the daily Novoye Vremya (St. Petersburg, Russia), 1883.
Caillet, A. J. *Manuel bibliographique des sciences psychiques et occultes. Paris: Lucien Dorbon, 1912. 3 vols.
Caithness. Marie, Countess of Caithness and Duchesse de Pomâr was a life-long friend of both H. P. Blavatsky and Col. H. S. Olcott. She was the only daughter of Don Antonio José de Mariâtegui, of Santa Catalina, Macuriges, and was born at Madrid in 1830. In 1853 she married her first husband, General the Count de Medina Pomâr who died in 1868. Her son by this marriage, Manuel Maria de Medina Pomâr y Mariâtegui, was created Duke of Pomâr by Pope Pius IX, on his coming of age in 1875, and the title was recognized and confirmed to him and his heirs by King Alfonso XII of Spain on his accession to the throne. In 1872, she married, as his second wife, Lord Barrogill, head of the Sinclair Clan, and 14th Earl of Caithness, who was born in 1821 and died at New York in 1881. He was well known for his mechanical inventions. In 1879 Pope Leo XIII extended to Lady Caithness by letters patent the title and rank of her son, and she, therefore, became Duchesse de Pomâr. After the death of her second husband, she settled in the Avenue de Wagram in Paris, and died there November 2, 1895.
She was a woman of singular administrative ability; she managed herself her large fortune, kept no housekeeper, and lived in a style becoming her rank and wealth. Her kindness was proverbial; she had a firm will yet her manners were soft and gentle. Lady Caithness called her palace in Paris Holyrood. It contained the finest hall and concert-room in Paris, where she used to gather her friends to hear scientific, literary and religious lectures, by men of great renown. She also gave magnificent balls during the season. She made great efforts to fuse the philosophical with Catholic and aristocratic society, and had a cosmopolitan salon where celebrities of all kinds met on friendly ground and in an atmosphere of culture and good will. The peculiar side of her nature was in the form in which her Spiritualistic beliefs shaped themselves. She believed herself to be the medium of Mary Stuart, and used to write for hours in a clear, plain, business-like hand, betraying neither neurosis nor excessive imagination, communications from Mary, Queen of Scots.
362 To quote Col. H. S. Olcott’s own words in an Obituary Notice of Lady Caithness published in The Theosophist (Vol. XVII, December, 1895, pp. 183-85), when she had passed away at the age of 65:
“ Soon after the appearance of Isis Unveiled, H. P. B. received a most enthusiastic letter from the Countess about the book, offering her friendship, and inviting us to pay her a visit on our way out to India; rumours of which journey had reached Europe. From that time on, correspondence has been kept up between her ladyship and ourselves and our relations have continued unbroken. H. P. B.’s death did not interrupt her friendliness to myself, and I have always visited her when passing through Paris. H. P. B. and I were her guests at her Palais Tiranty, at Nice, in 1884, when she nightly gathered there many of the continental nobility to discuss Theosophy with us, and a number of them joined our Society. My last visits to her were in August and October last, when she seemed somewhat suffering but not at all in a dangerous state of health. We parted in the expectation of meeting again when I should next be called to revisit Europe on official affairs.
“ From a somewhat early age Lady Caithness was interested in occult subjects, beginning with Mesmerism and Clairvoyance and following those with Spiritualism, to which she clung to the end of her life. In her Holyrood Palace in Paris, she had a sort of chapel where were held weekly séances of what she called her Star Circle; the presiding genius of which was the supposed spirit of the lovely and unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots. She kindly permitted me to attend one of the séances last October, and I was so pleased with an essay that one of her mediums wrote on the subject of ‘ Clairvoyance,’ which I gave her to do, that I begged it of my hostess for publication. The table rappings, alleged to come from Mary Stuart and Madame Blavatsky, did not impress me much, and I frankly told her so. Nor did I think much of the rapping Medium. But I did have real affection for herself and feel grateful for many acts of gracious courtesy, among them, repeated offers of the use of her gorgeous ball-room for Theosophical lectures and meetings whenever I should desire it. I presided there at one of Mrs. Besant’s lectures two years ago, given in French with wonderful fluency and her usual eloquence, and once—in 1884— she gave H. P. B. and myself a conversazione. I shall feel her loss as that of a personal friend, and my sincere condolences are offered to her devoted son, the Duc de Pornar, whose beautiful affection for her was charming to witness.”
Col. Olcott also points out that a report about Lady Caithness giving H. P. B. a present of 1,000 pounds sterling to spread
363
Theosophy is false. It appears that she paid H. P. B.’s Paris apartment for three months in 1884, but no other sums were donated.
Lady Caithness became the first President of the Société Théosophique d’Orient et d’Occident founded at Paris June 28, 1883. On May 4th, 1884, H. P. B. and Col. Olcott were present at one of the gatherings of this group of students. In June of the same year the group was reorganized as a regular Branch of the Theosophical Society, with Lady Caithness as President, Dr. R. Thurman and Louis Dramard as Vice-Presidents and Madame Émilie de Morsier as Secretary. Several renowned personalities, such as Édouard Schuré, Madame Margherita Albana Mignaty, Princess Olga Volkonsky, and Dr. Charles Richet, were members of it for some time. This work, however, did not last very long, as various troubles ensued after a while.
Lady Caithness published a considerable number of works, both large and small. The best-known of them is The Mystery of the Ages Contained in the Secret Doctrine of All Religions (London: C. L. H. Wallace, 1887. 541 pp.), which went through at least three editions. It has been said that much of what it contains is the result of conversations and discussions with H. P. B. during her stay in Paris.
Among other works from the pen of Lady Caithness may be mentioned the following ones: Old Truths in a New Light·, or, an endeavour to reconcile material science with spiritual science and with Scripture. London, 1876. 8vo.— Serious Letters to Serious Friends, London, 1877. 8vo.—Interpretation ésotérique des livres sacrés, Paris, 1891. 227 pp.-—Le Secret du Nouveau-Testament, Paris, 1896. 559 pp.—Le Spiritisme dans la Bible, Paris, 1894. 64 pp.
In addition to these, she also wrote several Spiritualistic works, embodying various messages received through mediumistic channels, and published a number of booklets on Theosophical and allied subjects, the substance of which had previously appeared in the journal 1’Aurore, a monthly which Lady Caithness started in 1886, and which continued until 1895, running into 14 volumes.
Calmeil, Juste-Louis. French physician specializing in insanity; b. at Poitiers, 1798; d. 1895. Disciple of d’Esquirol at the Salpêtrière; first intern at the Charenton hospital in the time of Royer-Collard, becoming its director, 1826. Established that progressive paralysis is related to peri-encephalitis. Works: *De la folie considérée sous le point de vue pathologique, etc., Paris: J. B. Baillière, 1845. 8-vo. 2 vols.—Great number of essays and papers in the Archives générales de médecine, Le dictionnaire de médecine, etc.
Cedrenus, George (Georgios o Kedrênos). Greek monk and chronicler of the 11th century, of whose life practically nothing is known. He wrote in Greek the Synopsis historian, a historical 364chronicle based on other Greek histories published before his time, and extending from Creation to the year 1059 of our era. It reflects the credulity of his age and contains many deficiencies. Text publ. by Fabroz, 1647, 2 vols, fol., and by Imm. Bekker, Bonn, 1838, 2 vols., 8-vo. Latin transi, by G. Xylander, 1506 fol.
Censorinus. The compiler of a treatise entitled *De Die Natali, which treats of the generation of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the stars and genii upon his career, and discusses the various methods employed for the division and calculation of time, together with sundry topics connected with astronomy, mathematics, geography, and music. Contains much valuable information on the various systems of ancient chronology. The work is dedicated to Q_. Cerellius, whom the writer addresses as his patron and benefactor, and was composed in the year 238 a.d., in the consulship of Ulpius and Pontianus. Censorinus speaks of Rome as the “ communis patria ” of himself and Cerellius. This is about all that is known of him and of his work. The latter contains a number of very interesting facts and theories about nature and man, and suggestive hints betraying at least some degree of occult knowledge.
The editio princeps is in 4to., and without date, place, or printer’s name; the second ed. appeared at Bologna, fol., 1497; the first critical ed. is that by Vinetus, Pictav. 4to., 1568, followed by those of Aldus Manutius, Venet. 8vo., 1581, and Carrio, Lutet. 8vo., 1583. The most complete and valuable is that by Havercamp, Lug. Bat. 8vo., 1743.
Chabas, François-Joseph. French Egyptologist, b. at Briançon (Hautes-Alpes), Jan. 2, 1817; d. at Versailles, May 17, 1882. Combined scientific studies with commercial pursuit, as a merchant of wines at Chalon-sur-Saône. Beginning with 1855, published a large number of essays on Egyptological subjects, first in existing journals, later in his own called l’Égyptologie, which was started in 1874. He was the first one who attempted to translate, word for word, an hieratic text, a good example of this being his Voyage d’un égyptien en Syrie, en Phénicie et en Palestine au XIV siècle avant notre ère, based on the Papyrus Anastasi I (1866). His life-work contributed greatly to the development of egyptological science. Works: *Le Papyrus magique Harris, etc. {Vide page 126 of the present volume for data).— Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de la XIXme dynastie, 1873.—Notice du Papyrus médical Ebers, 1876.—Mélanges Égyptologiques, 1862-73, in 4 vols.
Champollion, Jean François (1790-1832). *Monuments de l’Égypte et de la Nubie, etc., Paris: Firmin Didot frères, 1835-45.
Charcot, Jean-Martin. French physician; b. in Paris, 1825; d. at Lac des Settons (Nièvre), March 18, 1893. Entered the 365profession, 1856, and worked at the Salpêtrière Hospital from 1862; became Prof, of pathological anatomy, member of the Academy of Medicine, 1873, and of the Acad, of Sciences, 1883. Made scientific study of hypnotism, and added much to the knowledge of nervous diseases. Organized at the Salpêtrière an anatoxno- pathological museum of great renown. Works: Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux, 1873, 1875, and other abstracts from his instructive courses.—Les démoniaques dans l’art, 1887.—Traité de médecine. Paris, 1891-94. 6 vols.—OEuvres complètes. Ed. by M. D. Bourneville and others. Paris: Bureau du progrès médical, 1888-90. 9 vols. 8-vo.
Chomel, Auguste François. French physician, b. at Paris, 1788; d. 1858. Wrote a remarkable doctorate thesis on Rheumatism·, held the chair of clinical medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu, and was physician to Louis-Philippe. Chief work: Éléments de pathologie générale, Paris, 1817.
Chwol’son (Khvolson), Daniel Avraamovich (1819-1911). *Book of Nabathean Agriculture. See Vol. VIII of the present Series for complete data regarding this ancient Chaldean Scripture.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106- 43 b.c.). *De legibus. In Loeb Classical Library.—* Tusculan Disputations. Ditto.
Clement of Alexandria, Titus Flavius (150?-220? a.d.). *Stro- mateis. In Migne, Patr. Curs. Compl., Ser. Lat.—* Cohortatio ad Gentes (Discourse to the Gentiles). Ibid.
Clinton, Henry Fynes. English classical chronologist, b. at Gamston, Jan. 14, 1781; d. at Welwyn, Oct. 24, 1852. Educ. at Southwell School, 1789-96, and Westminster, 1796-99. M.A., 1805. Private tutor at Oxford to Earl Gower, 1803-06. Entered Oxford Univ, with passion for Greek. Elected to Parliament, 1806, and served until 1826, when he retired. Whole life devoted to classical studies; kept minute journal of his studies which contained much valuable information. 1811, began to draw up list of Greek and Latin authors, also to build classical library. Was firm believer in a revealed religion, and specialized in ancient chronology. Chief works, which placed classical chronology on a scientific basis, are: Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, etc., Oxford Univ. Press, 1824-51; and Fasti Romani, the Civil and Literary Chron. of Rome and Constantinople, etc., ibid., 1845-50.
Cobb, John Storer. English barrister and Dr. of Laws. At one time, Editor of the New Era magazine, organ of the Reform Jews published in New York from 1870 to 1876. Was greatly interested in the early Cremation Movement. Became one of the CoFounders of The Theosophical Society, in 1875, and was sent as Presidential Agent by the Council in New York, to assist in the 366formation of the British Theosophical Society, 1878. Soon lost interest and disappeared.
Cory, Isaac Preston (1802-1842). *Ancient Fragments. London: W. Pickering, 1828. xxviii, 129. Greek and English in parai, columns. Sec. ed. was publ. in 1832. New ed. appeared in 1876, with the elimination of the Chaldean Oracles.
Council of Lateran, Fourth (Twelfth General Council), 1215 a.d. *First Capitulum. Vide Carl Joseph von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte. 7 vols. Freiburg i. Breisgau, 1855-74; 2nd ed., 1886. Engl, transi, as A History of Church Councils, Edinb., 1871, etc. Vide Compiler’s footnote on p. 28 of present volume.
Cruden, Dr. Alexander (1701-70). No specific work mentioned ; quotation un traced.
Cuvier, Frédéric (1773-1838). *Biographie Universelle, etc., 1847, etc. Art. on Buffon’s life, p. 119.— Vide also s. v. Flourens.
Dean, Richard. English author; b. at Kirkby-in-Craven, Yorkshire, about 1727; d. at Middleton, Feb. 8, 1778. First, curate of Royton Chapel; then, curate of Middleton. Master of the Middleton Grammar school. He wrote An Essay on the Future Life oj Brutes (Manchester, 1767, 2 vols.) in which he argued for the reasonableness of believing in the future existence of lower animals. His views were contradicted by James Rothwell. H. P. B. quotes a passage written by him in the Bibliothèque des Sciences, Vol. XXIX, 1st Trimestre, 1768.
Delaplace, Bishop of China. *“Missions de la Chine. Lettre de M. Delaplace, Missionnaire Lazariste, à un Prêtre du diocèse de Sens,” Annales de la propagation de la foi (Lyon, France), t. XXIV, No. 143, July, 1852.
Delrio, Martin Anton (or Rio, Martinus An ton us Del) (1551-1608). *Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex. 3 vols. Lovanii, 1599. 4to; also 1600, 1603, 1608, 1613, 1657. Available in the British Museum. Very scarce.
*Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Par une société de médecins et de chirurgiens. Publié par Chaumeton et Mérat. Paris, 1812-22. 60 vols.
*Dictionnaire universel, etc. Vide Bertrand.
Dieu, Louis de. Belgian theologian and Orientalist, b. at Flessingue, April 7, 1570; d. at Leyden, Dec. 23, 1642; was the son of the Belgian theologian, Daniel de Dieu (1540-1609). Became clergyman in native city, then Prof, at Waloon Coll., Leyden. Devoted himself to the study and the teaching of Semitic language:· and was the first one to make a comparative study of Hebrew, Syriac 367and Chaldean. Published the first Persian Grammar, and utilized his philological knowledge to determine the correct meaning of many controversial passages in both Testaments. Works: Compendium grammaticae hebraïca, syriaca et chaldaica, Leyden, 1639.— Rudimenta linguae persicae, ibid., 1639.—Critica sacra, etc., Amsterdam, 1693, fol.