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  | author =Massey, C.C.
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  | title =Space and Time
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{{Style S-Small capitals|The}} first words which the celebrated Fichte addressed to his astonished pupils when he met them in the lecture room at Jena were, “Denken sie das wand,”—“Think the wall.” In that injunction, which is said to have somewhat disconcerted his hearers, sounds the knell of all materialistic systems. I cannot make good this assertion this evening, but anything like an intelligible exposition of the subject of my paper would at least render those systems less plausible to popular apprehension. For I understand by Materialism the system that makes of consciousness the outcome or the dependent correlate of physical structure. And if it can be shown that our whole consciousness of an objective world involves the presupposition of powers essentially ideal, why then, although we may have to go further, and to pronounce the internal consciousness itself to be no less phenomenal than this objective world, we shall at least avoid the alternative error of explaining one set of phenomena by another, or of referring the function which is at least a factor in the origination of both to its own product. But for the spiritualist and the materialist alike, there is behind this inner and outer consciousness a provisionally unknown ''x.''
{{Style S-Small capitals|The}} first words which the celebrated Fichte addressed to his astonished pupils when he met them in the lecture room at Jena were, “Denken sie das wand,”—“Think the wall.” In that injunction, which is said to have somewhat disconcerted his hearers, sounds the knell of all materialistic systems. I cannot make good this assertion this evening, but anything like an intelligible exposition of the subject of my paper would at least render those systems less plausible to popular apprehension. For I understand by Materialism the system that makes of consciousness the outcome or the dependent correlate of physical structure. And if it can be shown that our whole consciousness of an objective world involves the presupposition of powers essentially ideal, why then, although we may have to go further, and to pronounce the internal consciousness itself to be no less phenomenal than this objective world, we shall at least avoid the alternative error of explaining one set of phenomena by another, or of referring the function which is at least a factor in the origination of both to its own product. But for the spiritualist and the materialist alike, there is behind this inner and outer consciousness a provisionally unknown ''x.''
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<gallery widths=300px heights=300px>
<gallery widths=300px heights=300px>
london_spiritualist_n.284_1878-02-01.pdf|page=6|London Spiritualist, No. 284, February 1, 1878, pp. 52-3
london_spiritualist_n.284_1878-02-01.pdf|page=6|London Spiritualist, No. 284, February 1, 1878, pp. 52-3
london_spiritualist_n.284_1878-02-01.pdf|page=9|London Spiritualist, No. 284, February 1, 1878, pp. 55-8
london_spiritualist_n.284_1878-02-01.pdf|page=9|London Spiritualist, No. 284, February 1, 1878, pp. 55-8
</gallery>
</gallery>