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'''Gougenot des Mousseaux, Le Chevalier Henry-Roger (1805-1878)'''. *Moeurs et pratiques des démons, Paris, 1854; 2nd ed., 1865.—{{Page aside|510}}*Les Houts Phenomenes de la magie, etc. Paris: H. Pion, 1864. See Vol. V, pp. 374-75, for biographical and bibliogr. data.
'''Gougenot des Mousseaux, Le Chevalier Henry-Roger (1805-1878)'''. *Moeurs et pratiques des démons, Paris, 1854; 2nd ed., 1865.—{{Page aside|510}}*Les Houts Phenomenes de la magie, etc. Paris: H. Pion, 1864. See Vol. V, pp. 374-75, for biographical and bibliogr. data.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Granth or Adi-Granth qt Granth-Sahib'''. The Holy Book or Scripture of the Sikhs, prepared by Guru Angad who embodied therein what he had learnt from Guru Nanak, adding devotional reflections of his own. See Sri Guru-Granth Sahib, English annotated translation by Gopal Singh. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1960. Also an English transl. by Max Arthur Macauliffe: The Sikh Religion. London, 1909.
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'''Gribble, Francis (1862-?)'''. *Emperor and Mystic. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1931.
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'''Hahn, Yevgeniy Fyodorovich von (pronounced Gan in Russia)'''. Russian Senator and Civil Administrator, b. October 15, 1807 (old style); d. December 6, 1874 (old style). Graduated with honors from the Lyceum of Tsarskoye Syelo, 1826, starting his career in the Ministry of International Affairs. Served for a number of years in various Departments of the Government, such as those of Government Properties, the Office of Foreign Settlers, and the Chancellery of the Emperor. Appointed Senator, 1860, and served in the Department of Heraldry and other sub-divisions of the Governing Senate. In 1868, became presiding Senator in the 2nd Dpt. of the Senate. Married to Yevgeny a Florovna Dolivo-Dobrovolsky; their only daughter was Yevgenya Yevgenyevna von Hahn, Lady in Waiting at the Imperial Court, who remained unmarried.
Senator von Hahn was a first cousin of H.P.B.’s father, Peter Alexeyevich von Hahn.
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'''Hammond, William Alexander H. (1828-1900)'''. *On Sleep and its Derangements, Philadelphia, 1869. See Vol. I, pp. 465-66, for biogr. data.
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'''Hare, Robert (1781-1858)'''. *Experimental Investigation of the Spirit Manifestations, etc. New York: Partridge & Brittan, 1855; 460 pp. & 2 portraits. See Vol. I, pp. 467-68, of the present Series for biogr.
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'''Haug, Martin (1827-1876)'''. *Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda . . . Ed., transl. and explained by M.H., Bombay, 1863, 2 vols. Reprint of transl. in Sacred Books of the Hindus, extra vol. 4. See Vol. I, p. 468, for biogr. data.
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'''Heber, Reginald'''. English bishop and hymn writer, b. at Malpas, Cheshire, April 21, 1783; d. at Trichinopoly, April 3, 1826. Studied {{Page aside|511}}at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he won prizes for several poems. Admitted to holy orders, 1807. Became prebendary of St. Asaph, 1812, preacher at Lincoln’s Inn, 1822, and bishop at Calcutta, Jan., 1823. Apart from many well-known hymns, Bishop Heber wrote a fascinating Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824-1825, London, 1828.
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'''Hellenbach, Lazar, Freiherr von'''. Austrian politician and philosopher, b. in the Castle of Paczolay, Sept. 3, 1827; d. there Oct. 24, 1887. His political activity was during the period of 1860-67, in the Croatian Parliament. As a philosopher, he was influenced by Schopenhauer, but developed gradually an occult viewpoint, and conceived reality as the sum of individual wills or entities endowed with wills. His works are: Eine Philosophie des gesunden Menschenverstandes (1876); Der Individualismus im Lichte der Biologie und Philosophie der Gegenwart (1878); Die Vorurteile der Menschheit (1879-80, 3 vols.).
H.P.B. had considerable respect for his views and one of her most serious students and supporters, Dr. William Hübbe-Schleiden (vide Vol. VII, pp. 375-77 of present Series, for comprehensive biogr. sketch of him, with portrait), wrote a book about von Heilenbach, entitled Hellenbach, der Vorkämpfer für Wahrheit und Menschlichkeit (1891).
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'''Higgins, Godfrey (1773-1833)'''. *The Celtic Druids. London: R. Hunter, 1827. Rpr. Ly Philosophical Research Soc., L.A. 1977.
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'''Horace, Q.H.F. (65-8 b.c.)'''. *Satires. Loeb Class. Libr.
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'''Huc, Abbé Évariste Régis (1813-1860)'''. *Souvenirs d’un voyage dans la Tartarie, le Tibet et la Chine pendant les années 1844, 1845, et 1846. Paris, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo.—Engl, transi, as Travels, etc. by W. Hazlitt. London, 1851-52, 2 vols.; abbreviated by Μ. Jones, 1867.
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'''Hunt, Chandos Leigh'''. *Private Practical Instructions in the Science and Art of Organic Magnetism. No information.
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'''Hyde, Thomas'''. English Orientalist, b. at Billingsley, June 29, 1636; d. at Oxford, Feb. 18, 1703. Studied Oriental languages at Cambridge; assisted Walton in his edition of the Polyglot Bible. After various scholarly tasks, was appointed, 1691, Laudian professor of Arabic, and in 1697, regius professor of Hebrew and a canon of Christ Church. Discharged duties of Eastern interpreter to the Court. In his chief work, *Historia religionis veterum Persarum (Oxford, 1700, 4to; 2nd ed., 1760), he made the first attempt to correct from Oriental sources the errors of the Greek and Roman historians who had attempted to describe the religion of the ancient {{Page aside|512}}Persians. He also published a Catalog of the Bodleian Library in 1674.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Idrah Rabbah or The Greater Holy Assembly'''. See Vol. VII, pp. 269-72, for pertinent information on the Zohar and its contents.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Jatakas'''. Birth stories. A work of the Buddhist Theravada Canon containing a collection of 550 stories of the former lives of Gautama Buddha. Translated under the editorship of Prof. E. B. Cowell. Cambridge: University Press, 1895-1913. Seven Vols.—Also transl. by T. W. Rhys Davids. London: Triibner & Co., 1880.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Javidan Kherad, or “Eternal Wisdom”''' a Practical Manual of the Philosophy of Magic. Edited by Manekje Limji Hooshang Haturis, 1882.
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'''Jones, M'''. *The Natural and the Supernatural. No information.
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'''Josephus, Flavius (37?-95? a.d.)'''. *Antiquities. Loeb Class. Libr.
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'''Jost, Isaac Marcus (1793-1860)'''. *The Israelite Indeed. No information.
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'''Kenealy, Edward Vaughan Hyde (1819-1880)'''. *The Book of Enoch, the Second Messenger of God. London: Triibner & Co., approx. 1865. Two vols.—*The Book of God. Part II: An Introduction to the Apocalypse. London: Triibner & Co. [1867]. See Vol. VIII, p. 462, for biogr. data.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Kennicott MS. No. 154'''. There is a Catalog of Hebrew MSS. originally numbered by Benjamin Kennicott and which was published by Giovanni Bamardo de Rossi at Parma, 1784-88, under the title of Variae Lectiones Veteris Testamenti ex Immensa MSS. Editorumque Codicum . . . Haustae. Manuscript No. 154 occurs on page LXVII in Vol. I thereof. It is a MS. of the Prophets (in Hebrew) with the Targum (i.e., Aramaic translation) from the year 1106 from a Codex published by Reuchlin and which is now at Karlsruhe. Older Hebrew MSS. have been found since.
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'''Kepler, Johann (1571-1630)'''. *The Principles of Astrology. This is most likely his De Fundamentis Astrologiae Certioribus. Kepler’s extensive literary remains, purchased by the Empress Catherine II in 1724 from some Frankfurt merchants, and long inaccessibly deposited in the observatory of Pulkovo, near St. Petersburg, were fully brought to light under the able editorship of Dr. Ch. Frisch, in the first complete edition of his works. This important publication, {{Page aside|513}}entitled Joannis Kepleri opera omnia (Frankfurt, 1858-71, 8 vols. 8vo), contains also a vast amount of his correspondence and a carefully drawn biography. The Fundamentis Astrologiae may be found in Vol. I, pp. 417-38, of the Opera omnia.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Khiu-ti or Kiu-ti'''. See Vol. VI, p. 425, for informative data.
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'''Khunrath, Henry (1560-1605)'''. See Vol. V, pp. 376-77, for data.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Lalitavistara'''. A Hinayana work of the Mahâsanghika School of Buddhism written in Sanskrit. It is a biography of the Buddha which develops the legendary aspect of his life. Transi, by R. Mitra in Bibliotheca Indica, New Series, Vol. 90.
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'''Lamralle, Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy-Carignano, Princesse de'''. The fourth daughter of Louis Victor of Carignano (d. 1774), b. at Turin, September 8, 1749; d. Sept. 3, 1792. Married, 1767, Prince de Lamballe (son of Duke de Panthièvre), who died the next year. Companion and confidante of Marie Antoinette, she was appointed superintendent of the royal household. From 1785 to the revolution she was the Queen’s closest friend. After an appeal for the royal family, 1791, she returned from England to the Tuileries and shared the Queen’s imprisonment on August 10th. Refusing to forswear the monarchy, she was beheaded.
Her letters were published by Ch. Schmidt in La Revolution Française, Vol. XXXIX, 1900.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Lamrim'''. A Tibetan term applied to sundry mystical writings, since Zam(-gyi) rim(-pa) signifies “a degree of advance,” especially in reference to the steps on the path towards perfection, and lam means a way, road or path. Connected with Lamrim, as a term, are the words chen-mo or chen-po, both signifying “great”; hence, Lam-rim chen-mo, “the Great Road to Perfection.” H.P.B. stated (Coll. Writings, IX, 158) that the Lamrim “is a work of practical instructions, by Tsong Kha-pa, in two portions, one for ecclesiastical and exoteric purposes the other for esoteric use.”
Tsong Kha-pa also wrote a concise version expressing the heart of the Lamrim teachings. See: Essence of Refined Cold, tr. by G. H. Mullin, with commentaries by the Third & Fourteenth Dali Lamas, 1982; and Ch. VI of The Door of Liberation, tr. by Geshe Wangyal, 1978.
See further bibliographical data in Vol. IX, p. 441.
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'''Layard, Sir Austen Henry'''. British author and diplomatist, the excavator of Nineveh, b. in Paris, March 5, 1817; d. in London, July 5, 1894. Educated in Italy, France, England and Switzerland. Encouraged by Sir Stratford Canning, who had employed him in various unofficial diplomatic missions in Turkey, he went to Assyria and started excavations at Kuyunjik and Nimrud, 1847; a year later he returned to England. His second expedition took place in 1849, and the results of his labors are embodied in his works: *Nineveh and its Remains, etc. (1848-49, 2 vols.), and Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon (1855). It was he who sent to England the specimens which now form the greater part of the Assyrian antiquities in the British Museum. After a number of years in diplomatic service and in politics, Layard retired, 1878, to Venice, and devoted his time to art and writing.
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'''Lévi Zahed, Éliphas (pseud, of Alphonse-Louis Constant) (1810-1875)'''. *Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, Paris: Germer-Bail- lière, 1856, 2 vols.; 3rd ed., 1894.—*La Science des esprits, Paris, 1865. —*La Clef des grands mystères, Paris, 1861. Consult Vol. I, pp. 491-95, of the present Series for a comprehensive account of Lévi’s life and work.
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'''Lillie, Arthur (1831-?)'''. *Buddha and Early Buddhism. New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1882, ill.
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'''Littré, Maximilien Paul Émile'''. French lexicographer and philosopher, b. at Paris, Feb. 1, 1801; d. June 2, 1881. Educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. Studied modem languages, classical and Sanskrit literature and philology. Taught the Classics and became director of the National to which he contributed a great many articles. At first a disciple of Comte, he popularized his ideas, but diverged from them at a later period. Took part in the revolution of July, 1848. After the siege of Paris in 1871, entered political life as a member of the Senate at Versailles. In 1844 he began his great Dictionnaire de la langue française (1844-1873), a work of sound scholarship. Other works: Paroles de la philosophie positive, Paris, 1859.—* Auguste Comte et la philosophie positive, 2nd ed., Paris, 1864.—OEuvres completes d’Hippocrate, Paris, 1839-69, in ten volumes, the only complete translation of the Hippocratic Collection extant.
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'''Livingstone, David (1813-1873)'''. *Livingstone's Travels and Researches in South Africa, etc. London: J. Murray, 1857; Philadelphia, Pa., 1858; also 1861.
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Lubbock, Sir John (1834-1913). See Vol. VII, p. 381, for data.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mahdparinirvanasutra'''. Important Mahayana Scripture written in Sanskrit and translated into Chinese many times, first by Dharmaraksha in 423. Sometimes called the Paradise Sutra, and treating of the Buddha nature and its relation to Nirvana. No complete translation in English. To be distinguished from the Pali Sutta of equivalent name, the Mahaparinibbana Sutta.
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'''Markham, Sir Clements Roberts (1830-1916)'''. *Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa (edited by Sir Markham), London, 1876, 8vo. See Vol. VI, p. 441, for biogr. data.
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'''Massey, Gerald (1828-1907)'''. *A Book of the Beginnings. London: Williams and Norgate, 1881, 2 vols.
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'''Mead, G.R.S. (1863-1933)'''. *Apollonius of Tyana. London and Benares: Theos. Publ. Soc., 1901; 2nd ed., New York: University Books, Inc., 1966.
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'''Miller, William Allen (1817-1870)'''. English chemist; studied at Birmingham Gen. Hospital and King’s College, London. Worked in Libig’s laboratory, 1840; chemical demonstrator, King’s College; M.D., London, 1842; prof, of chemistry, King’s Coll., 1845; F.R.S., 1845. Experimented in spectrum analysis, and (with Dr. Wm. Huggins) investigated the spectra of heavenly bodies, obtaining the first trustworthy information on stellar chemistry, 1862. Was assayer to the Mint. Published Elements of Chemistry, 1855-57.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mishnah Nazir'''. Part of the Talmud.
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'''Molinos, Miguel de'''. Spanish divine, b. at Patacina, Dec. 25, 1640; d. in prison in Rome, Dec. 28, 1697. He was the chief apostle of the religious revival known as Quietism. In 1675 Molinos published his Guida spirituale which, some six years later, aroused the suspicion of the Jesuit Signeri; the matter was referred to the Inquisition, but the work was pronounced orthodox. However, the matter was revived by Father La Chaise who secured the support of Louis XIV, and Molinos was arrested in May, 1685. As a result of various inimical and false accusations, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, and Pope Innocent XI condemned Molinos’ work. Molinos was a genuine mystic, struggling to free himself from the clutches of ecclesiastical dogmas; he regarded disinterested love as the hallmark of true sanctity.
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'''Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1819-99)'''. *“The Religion of Zoroaster,” in Nineteenth Century, Vol. IX, January, 1881.
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'''Montfaucon, Bernard de'''. French scholar and critic, b. at the Château de Soulage in France, Jan. 13, 1655; d. at St.-Germain-des-Pres, Dec. 21, 1741. Entered the army, 1672, but in 1675 became a monk, and lived at various abbeys, going to Italy, 1698. Apart from editing a number of writings of the Church Fathers, such as Athanasius and John Chrysostom, he wrote a work entitled F Antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures (1719) which laid the foundation of archaeology. (2nd rev. & enl. ed., Paris: F. Del au Ine, 1722; 5 vols, in 10. French & Latin. Engl, transi, by David Humphreys. London: J. Touson & J. Watts, 1721-22; 5 vols.) His Palaeographia graeca (1708) illustrated the history of Greek writing.
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'''Motwani, Kewal'''. *Colonel H. S. Olcott. A Forgotten Page of American History. Madras: Ganesh & Co., 1955. Pamphlet.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>New American Cyclopaedia, 1858-63, 16 vols.; ed. by George Ripley and Chas'''. A. Dana. New ed., as American Cyclopaedia, 1873-76, 16 vols., prepared by the same authors.
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'''Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907)'''. *Diaries. From 1878 to his death, now in the Adyar Archives.—*Buddhist Catechism, 1881.—*Theosophy, Religion and Occult Science, 1885,—*Old Diary Leaves, New York and London, 1895; 2nd ed., Adyar, 1941.
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'''Oliphant, Laurence (1829-1888)'''. *The Land of Gilead, with Excursions in the Lebanon. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1880. xxxvii, 538 pp. See Vol. VII, pp. 386-87, for biogr.
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'''Oliver, George'''. English topographer and writer on Freemasonry, b. at Papplewick, Nov. 5, 1782; d. at Lincoln, March 3, 1867. After receiving a liberal education at Nottingham, he became, 1803, second master of the grammar school at Caistor, and six years later, head master of King Edward’s grammar school at Great Grimsby. Was ordained deacon, 1813, and priest, 1814. After various intermediary stages, he obtained the rectory of Scopwick, Lincolnshire, which he held till his death. A Lambeth degree of D.D. was conferred upon him, 1835, and he was prominently associated with the Masonic Order in Lincolnshire. Oliver was an indefatigable writer on subjects of history and antiquities; he also produced a large number of Masonic works, among which should be mentioned: *The History of Initiation, etc., London, 1829 and 1841; and The Pythagorean Triangle, or the Science of Numbers, 1875, both of which H. P. B. quotes from. (Rpr. by Wizards Bks., 1977)
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'''Ouseley, Sir William'''. English Orientalist, b. in Monmouthshire in 1767; d. at Boulogne in Sept., 1842. Was educated privately until 1787, when he went to Paris to study. After a short time in military service, he sold out and went to Leyden to resume Oriental, and especially, Persian studies. Published, 1795, his Persian. Miscellanies, on the subject of Persian handwritings. His great scholastic achievements brought him various degrees and a knighthood (1800). He accompanied his brother, Sir Gore Ouseley, on his mission to the Shâh of Persia, 1810, where he remained for three years. The account of this journey is contained in his Travels in Various Countries of the East, etc. (1819, 1821, 1823, 3 vols.). He also published *Oriental Collections (1797-99, 3 vols.), and contributed extensively to the Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Lit.
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'''Paléologue, Maurice-Georges (1859-1944)'''. *Le Roman tragique de l'Empereur Alexandre II Paris: Librarie Plon, 1923; pp. 254, ill.
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'''Paley, William (1743-1805)'''. English ecclesiastic. Educated at Christ’s College, Cambridge; senior wrangler, 1763; College lecturer, 1766. Installed as prebendary at Carlisle, 1780, and appointed, 1782, archdeacon thereof. Wrote a number of works among which are: Horae Paulinae (1790), his most original book which was, however, the least successful; *A View of the Evidences of Christian ity (1794; Philad., 1795; 12th ed., London, 1807; latest ed., 1860), whose brilliant success secured him ample preferment; it is a compendium of a whole library of arguments produced by the orthodox opponents of the deists of the 18th century.
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'''Patanjali'''. *Yogasûtra or Patanjala.—See Vol. V, pp. 368-69.
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'''Paul, Dr. N.C'''. (in India as Navînachandra Pala). *A Treatise on the Yoga Philosophy, 2nd ed., Calcutta: “Indian Echo” Press, 1883, ii, 52 pp. 8vo.; 3rd ed. by T. Tatya. Bombay, 1888. Very scarce.
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'''Pausanias'''. *Hellados Perriêgêsis (Grecian Itinerary). Loeb Class. Library.
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'''Pétis de la Croix, François'''. Renowned French Orientalist, b. in Paris towards the end of 1653, and who died in his native city, December 4, 1713. A famous scholar, he mastered all the known dialects of the Persian language and learned all the intricacies of the Arabic and Turkish. In this he was the equal to his own father. He travelled widely in the countries where these languages are spoken and served, as his father had done, as official interpreter to the French Court. A scholar endowed with enormous energy and concentration, he became the author of a large number {{Page aside|518}}of works, many of which were French translations of Persian and other works on history. At the time of his death, many of his works remained in MS form and were deposited in the Library of Paris. His son, Alexandre-Louis-Marie (1698-1751) followed in the footsteps of his father and made a record for himself as another famous Orientalist. Considering the years in which François Pétis de la Croix lived and worked, H. P. B.’s reference must be to him, but no information concerning him in connection with the writings of the Druses has been found, and so her statement has not been identified. There is little doubt, however, of the fact that Pétis de la Croix had contact with the Druses and may have known a great deal about their teachings and beliefs.
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'''Philostratus (170-245 a.d.)'''. *Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Transl. by Rev. E. Berwick, London, 1809.
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'''Plato'''. *Republic.—*Theages.—*Timaeus. Loeb Class. Library.
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'''Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (23-79 a.d.)'''. *Naturalis Historia. Loeb Class. Library.
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'''Plummer, L. Gordon'''. *The Mathematics of the Cosmic Mind. Privately printed, 1966 & 1970 by Theos. Pub. Hse., Wheaton, IL.
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'''Porphyry (233-304?)'''. *De Vita Pythagorae. Gr. & Lat., Amsterdam, 1707; ed. Kiessling, Leipzig, 1816.
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'''Prideaux, Humphrey'''. English divine and Oriental scholar, b. at Place, Cornwall, May 3, 1648; d. at Norwich, Nov. 1, 1724. Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Hebrew lecturer at Christ Church, 1679-86, and Dean of Norwich, 1702-24. His most important work was The Old and New Testament connected in the History of the Jews, 1716, which stimulated research.
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'''Purchas, Samuel (1575?-1626)'''. English compiler of works on travel and discovery, b. at Thaxted, Essex; studied at Cambridge and Oxford; became, 1614, rector of St. Martin’s, Ludgate, London. His information is not always accurate, but some of his works are the only source upon questions on the history of exploration. His largest work in four volumes is Hakluytus Posthumus (1625). He also wrote two other works, both entitled 'Purchas, his Pilgrimage, etc., one in 1616 and the other in 1619.
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'''Ragozhin, Z'''. *The Last Trial of the Nihilists. Not traced.
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'''Randolph, Paschal Beverly'''. American Negro, b. in New York City, October 8, 1825. His mother, Flora, was said by him to have been {{Page aside|519}}the granddaughter of “a bom Queen of Madagascar”; she died in the Bellevue almshouse in New York about 1832. His father is said to have been William Beverly Randolph “of the Randolphs of Virginia.” Paschal was raised for a time by his half-sister Harriet, then fell into the hands of “a ci-devant English actress” and “her husband—on the European plan—who drove her to the sale of her charms to supply the domestic exchequer.” He received less than a year of formal schooling before fifteen; in his seventeenth year “got religion at a revival meeting” and “lost it that same night for a pretty girl . . .” Went to sea for about five years; then entered apprenticeship as a dyer; worked also as a barber, and became a convert to Roman Catholicism. Investigated Spiritualism in its earliest stages and became a trance medium. Went to England in 1853 and again in 1857 where he delivered addresses allegedly inspired by Sir Humphrey Davy and other illustrious men. Became acquainted with Hargrave Jennings who introduced him to such students of Rosicrucianism as Bulwer-Lytton and Kenneth R. H. MacKenzie. In 1858 he announced his “conversion to Christianity” and denounced Spiritualism and mediumship as “slavery worse than Southern bondage.”
In 1861, Paschal visited Paris where he became acquainted with a few reputed Rosicrucians and “after sounding their depths found the water very shallow and very muddy—as had been the case with those I met in London—Bulwer, Jennings, Wilson, Belfedt, Archer, Corvaja and other pretended adepts . . .” He studied for a while with Eliphas Levi and became a mesmeric subject for the great magnetist Baron Dupotet; so remarkable were these experiments in clairvoyance, that he was summoned to the Tuileries by command of Napolen III. The same and the following year, he visited Asia Minor and the Middle East. “I have,” he wrote, “been over Egypt and Syria and Turkey; on the borders of the Caspian and Arabia’s shores, over sterile steppes and weltered through the deserts—and all in search of the loftier knowledge of the soul that could only there be found . . .” In Egypt, according to his own claim, he became a neophyte and entered the “Gate of Light,” beyond which stood the “Door of the Dawn,” and beyond it “The Dome” or what “in the Orient is known among its members as The Mountain.” He declared his spiritual “Chief” to be a Persian.
In America, the Civil War was raging, and Randolph returned there to help recruit Negro volunteers for the Union Army. From 1864 on, he was active for several years in the cause of Negro education in the South, first in the school system established by General Banks in Louisiana, and later in his own project for a {{Page aside|520}}Lincoln Memorial High Grade and Normal School for colored teachers, for which he came North in 1866 and joined the Philadelphia Convention of Southern Loyalists in their contest against Pres. Andrew Johnson. He elicited commendation both from Johnson and from Gen. Grant for his energetic work. On the political platform, his oratorical skill called forth widespread adulation from the Press, which acknowledged him as one of the great speakers of the era. His efforts, however, came to naught, and he retired from politics.
At this point, Randolph settled in Boston, assuming the title of “Dr.” and entered into the practice of medicine, in which he had done “much reading.” On the side, he put his energies into the propagation of his “Rosicrucian doctrines.” His first published work appears to have been The Grand Secret, a treatise on “the Affectional Nature” published under the pseudonym of “Count de St. Leon.” His next work, Pre-Adamite Man, Demonstrating the Existence of the Human Race upon this Earth 100,000 Years Ago, claimed more attention and went through three printings in the first eight months (2nd ed., New York, 1863; 4th ed., 1869). Other books embodying his ideas are: Dealings with the Dead, etc., Utica, 1861-62, pp. 268; Ravalette, the Rosicrucian s Story, Utica, 1863, and Quakertown, 1939; After Death, or Disembodied Marv, 2nd ed., Boston, 1868; 4th ed., 1873; Love and its Hidden History, etc. (under the pseudonym of Count de St. Leon), 4th ed., Boston, 1869; 5th ed., 1870; Seership, Boston, 1870, and Toledo, 1892 & 1930; Eulis, etc., 2nd ed., Toledo, 1874; 5th ed., Quakertown, 1930.
In his writings, despite all the chaff and fantastic claims, one finds evidence that Randolph was an American pioneer propagandist in reasserting the power of the Will, the validity of Magic and of ancient philosophies over the chaotic burgeoning of mid-Nineteenth Century psychism. He dwells at length on the perfecting of conscious control in the phenomena of “mental telegraphy,” the projection “of an image of oneself’ and detection of the “images” of others. He writes of spiritual beings from other planets, of creatures of the elements, the mysteries of the human aura, and alludes to seven universes, each with seven counterparts, making forty-nine in all. Throughout all of these there is progress, transmigration and reincarnation, not only of the “inhabitants of the countless myriads of worlds in this material or aromal universe, but also the material and aromal worlds themselves ... By aromal worlds I mean the aerial globes that attend each planet . . . Every world and assemblage of worlds is periodically reduced by exhaustion, but at enormously long intervals, into chaos, and is then {{Page aside|521}}reformed or created anew...” Though calling these ideas “Rosicrucianism,” Randolph said that he borrowed “nothing from anyone,” and that the system was his own.
Aside from his literary endeavors, Randolph sought to spread his beliefs by “initiation work” in “lodges,” styling himself “Supreme Hierarch,” “Grand Templar,” “Hierarch of the Triple Order of Rosicrucia, Pythiana and Eulis, for North America and the Islands of the Seas.” This “Third Temple” he declared to be a successor to the “Second or Oriental Temple” which had fallen into decay, and traced this line of centers back to 5,600 B.C. After a number of similar efforts, all his lodges were dissolved in 1874 “by reason of treason.” At a later date, some of his organizational work was revived for a time by a Dr. W. P. Phelon as the “Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor,” which H. P. B. warned against.
In 1861, Randolph had experienced some remarkable trance visions which were to determine the future course of his life, and his death. Ever afterwards he claimed to be attended by “visible and invisible shapes,” representatives, on the one hand, of what he called “the Order of Light,” and, on the other, of “the Order of the Shadow”—contesting for his allegiance, “tempting, nearly ruining, and as often saving me from dangers worse than death itself.”
On July 29, 1875, this erratic genius died at Toledo, Ohio, and the coroner’s verdict was suicide.
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'''Rangampalli Jagannathiah'''. Hindu worker in the early Theosophical Movement in India, born in May, 1852, at Cuttack, near Puri (Jagannathpur) in Orissa. His father was a native officer in the 30th Madras Infantry. The young man was enlisted in the regiment as a pension boy on his father’s death, when only one year old, remaining there six years. Education was furnished by his cousin, and since his tenth year he lived in Cuddapah and Bellary. In 1872, he was matriculated from the Government Provincial College, and afterwards served as teacher in the Provincial and Wardlaw Colleges, and as second headmaster in the High School at Secunderabad, Dekkan, for eight years. In religion he was a staunch Vaish- nava of the Visishtadwaita School, but in 1874 his faith was shaken and he eventually joined the National Secular Society of England, then under Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant; he also associated himself with the Freethought Union of Madras.
He first heard of Theosophy in 1882, from a friend who was a Vedantin and a good Sanskrit scholar. His reading of various issues of The Theo sophist led to a correspondence with Damodar K. {{Page aside|522}}Mávalankar at the Ady ar Headquarters, and later to a visit there. He met H. P. B. who had in her possession some of his contributions to newspapers. It is said that she discussed Theosophy with him “for three days for about three hours a day.” Jagannathiah said: “She satisfied me completely. I admired her genius very much, and her fund of knowledge on science, philosophy, and religion. I observed above all that her replies to my questions were complete answers to the main as well as to all possible side questions. On the 30th of December, 1882, she asked me if I had anything more to ask. I said, None, and she directed me to search the old Aryan religion and Upanishads, ending by suggesting that I join the T. S., with which I complied.” He then began to write for Theosophy.
In the National Reformer of Bradlaugh, the question was raised as to whether a Secularist can be a Theosophist, and, curiously enough, Mrs. Besant wrote strongly against his joining the T. S. Jagannathiah then wrote to Mr. Bradlaugh asking if freethinkers were bound by the dictates of Mrs. Besant, to which Bradlaugh said No. He then resigned from the Union.
In 1885, Jagannathiah was an Inspector for the T. S. In 1887, with the help of his friend, T. A. Swaminatha Aiyar (pictured together with him in our portrait), he founded the Sanmarga Sarnaja on the lines of the T. S., and later declared it a part of the T. S. Through this channel an immense amount of work was done by both in preaching to the villages in the vernacular. He continued in the Government service until July, 1894, when he resigned to devote himself entirely to the work he promised H. P. B. he would do. He continued for years his selfless work at Bellary where, among other things, he conducted a school well thought of by the Government.
As to T. A. Swaminatha Aiyar, he was bom in July, 1868, at Tiruvadi, Tanjore, on the banks of the Cauvery. This is one of the strongest of the orthodox Brahman centers in Southern India, noted for its Vedic learning and Sanskrit knowledge. There was there also a Free Sanskrit College supported at the time by the Maharaja of Tanjore. Some renowned astrologers and poets hail from that district.
Swaminatha belonged to a Vaidiki, a religious as distinguished from a lay, family; his father was a native doctor and an elder brother was known as a singer of the Yajur-Veda. In his eighth year, he was sent to an English school, and later to a Government High School, until 1881. At fourteen, he matriculated from the Native High School of Coimbatore, went to St. Peter’s College {{Page aside|523}}at Tanjore for four months, and for a time to the State Government Provincial College of Trichinopoly. He taught school in the latter place and became a clerk in the Revenue Department at Bellary. It is there that he became a close friend of Jagannathiah and joined the T. S. After service in the Survey Office, he was transferred to Madras. He returned to Bellary after a while, where he obtained some work in a mercantile house until 1893; he then resigned to devote himself entirely to spiritual work.
Most of the work done by these two friends was accomplished under much stress and strain, without adequate means, and in difficult personal circumstances. At one time, they received a little help from American Theosophists who were interested in the days of William Q. Judge in promoting Theosophical work in the vernaculars of India. And no one can tell how many seeds for future beneficent harvesting were sown by these two indefatigable workers.
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'''Rebold, E'''. *Histoire générale de la Francmaçonnerie, Paris, 1851; Engl. tr. by J. Fletcher as A General History of Freemasonry in Europe, Cincinnati, 1861.
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'''Reichenbach, Baron Karl von (1788-1869)'''. *Untersuchungen Uber die Dynamide Magnetismus, Electrizitàt, Warme und Licht in ihren Beziehungen zur Lebenskraft, Braunschweig, 1850, 2 vols.; Engl, tr. by Dr. Wm. Gregory of Edinburgh as Researches on Magnetism, etc., London, 1850. See Vol. II, p. 541, for futher data.
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'''Renan, Ernest (1823-1892)'''. *Vie de Jésus. First publ. in 1863; 6th ed., Paris, 1923. Engl. tr. by Chas. E. Wilbour, 1864.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Rigveda-Samhita'''. See Vol. V, p. 367, for comprehensive bibliography on the subject.
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'''Sabhapati Svami'''. *Om The Philosophy and Science of Vedânta and Raja-Yoga. Ed. by Srish Chanda Vasu. 3rd ed., Lahore, 1895.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Sad-Dar'''. Meaning “The Hundred Subjects.” Persian Scripture of which there are a poetic and a prose version; the latter has been translated by E. W. West, in Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XII, New York, 1901.
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'''Saint-Germain, Count de'''. No attempt is made here to give even a fragmentary account of the life of this remarkable individual. The best works which deal with the life and activities of Count de Saint-Germain are the one by Mrs. Isabel Cooper-Oakley (18541914) entitled The Comte de St. Germain. The Secret of Kings (Milano: “Ars Regia,” Casa Editrice del Dott. G. Sulli-Rao, 1912, pp. 284, ill.; 2nd ed., London, Theos. Publ. House, 1927), parts {{Page aside|524}}of which were originally published in The Theosophical Review of London (Vols. XXI—XXIII, November, 1897—November, 1898), and the French work by Paul Chaco mac entitled Le Comte de Saint-Germain (Paris: Chacornac Frères, 11, Quai Saint-Michel, 1947, pp. 318, front.). Mrs. Cooper-Oakley’s work is very scarce.
Both works are well documented. A special bibliographical section in the first, and copious footnotes in both, contain a wealth of information and references to original documents and sources. Unfortunately, a few errors of judgment have crept into Mrs. Cooper- Oakley’s work wherein she quotes from sources which in later years have become suspect. In Chacornac’s work, on the other hand, too much space is devoted to various imaginative accounts current in Theosophical and pseudo-theosophical groups about de Saint-Germain. This adds nothing of value to an otherwise serious and scholarly work.
We feel that a careful perusal of these two works would be of greater advantage to the student than reading many other less accurate books written by people who had no interest in occult studies.
Among the pitfalls to be cautiously avoided, mention should be made of the following:
1)Count de Saint-Germain, the occultist, has been frequently confused with Claude-Louis de Saint-Germain (1707-1778), a Frenchman famous for his military talents and at one time, namely in 1775, appointed by Louis XVIth a Secretary of War, at the death of the Marechal de Muy. References to the Margrave of Anspach, the localities of Schwabach and Triesdorf, as well as to Count Alexis Orlov (1735-1807), Catherine II of Russia, and the Russian Court Revolution of the time, are all connected with Claude-Louis and have nothing to do with Count de Saint-Germain, the renowned occultist. Mrs. Cooper-Oakley and others were not careful enough on this subject.<ref>See Mémoires de M. Ie Comte de Saint-Germain, écrits par luimême. Amsterdam: Ray, 1779. German transl., Frankfurt, 1780.</ref>
2)The Princely Family of Râkôczy is well known for the active part it took in the national life of Transylvania. Overlooking for the present the earlier periods in the history of this family, suffice it to say that Francis (Ferenc) Râkôczy I (1645-1676) married March 1, 1666, Helen (Ilona) Zrinyi, daughter of Péter Zrinyi and the Countess Catherine (Katalin) Frangepân. Péter, having conspired against Austria, was executed at Wiener-Neustadt, together with Count Frangepân. Francis Râkôczy I, with his wife and his {{Page aside|525}}mother, Sophia (Zsofia) Bathory, took refuge in the fortress of Munkacs. His life was saved by the interposition of the Jesuits on the payment of an enormous ransom. Three children issued from this marriage: George (Gyorgy), bom in 1667 and who lived but a few months; Julianna, bom in 1672 and who died in 1717; and Francis (Ferenc) Rakoczy II, bom March 27, 1676, and who died April 8, 1735. Their father died on July 8, 1676, but a few months after the birth of Francis.
The widowed Helen Zrinyi married June 15, 1682, Count Imrehez Thokoly. The latter, an ally of Turkey against Austria, was arrested and sent to Belgrade; his wife was taken to Vienna and was free within the confines of this city. Emperor Charles VI took charge of the two remaining children of Francis Rakoczy. One year later, Helen Zrinyi rejoined Imrehez Thokoly and never saw again either her fatherland or her children.
At the age of 18, Francis Rakoczy II married, Sept. 25, 1694, Charlotte-Amalia von Hessen-Rheinfels; from this marriage issued: Leopold-George (Lipot-Gyorgy), bom at Kistapolcsany May 28, 1696, and who died in 1700; Joseph (Jozsef), bom Aug. 17, 1700, and who died Nov. 10, 1738; George (Gyorgy), bom Aug. 8, 1701, and who died June 22, 1756; and Charlotta, born Nov. 16, 1706.
Some have claimed that it is the elder son of Francis Rakoczy II, Leopold-George, who became our Count de Saint-Germain, but there are authentic records to the effect that this boy died when he was only four years old. In the light of the above-mentioned historical facts, various statements by Carl, Landgrave of Hessen, and others, appear to be contradictory and unreliable.
In a letter written by Count von Alvensleben to Emperor Frederick II, whose ambassador he was at Dresden, and dated June 25, 1777, the writer says that Count de Saint-Germain told him that he was known as Prince Rakoczy. However, he did not say he was the son of Francis Rakoczy II, and did not name his two brothers. Instances when Count de Saint-Germain used the name of Rakoczy are not definitely authenticated.
In the light of what precedes, it is highly inadvisable and historically unjustifiable to speak of the occultist de Saint-Germain as being “the Master, Prince Rakoczy,” as has been repeatedly done by various students of Theosophy and groups of students within and outside of the organized Theosophical Movement, even to the extent of listing his former incarnations. Any connection with the House of Rakoczy on the part of Count de Saint-Germain cannot be established by any accessible historical data or available documentary evidence, even though this idea may appeal to the {{Page aside|526}}imagination of certain students and serve as a suitable background for their speculations.
We do not deny the possibility of such a connection, which may or may not have existed, subject to future disclosures. We simply warn the careful student not to accept on mere hearsay, alleged facts which, in reality, cannot be at present either proved or disproved by any tangible evidence.
3)Another point of very great importance is the fact that a number of writers, including Mrs. Cooper-Oakley and Philip Malpas (1875-1958),<ref>P. Malpas’ essay on Count de Saint-Germain appeared in The Theosophical Path (Point Loma, California), Vols. VI, VII, VIII and IX, from January, 1914, through July, 1915, though the Series was not completed.</ref> have accepted as genuine the so-called Souvenirs sur Marie-Antoinette by the Countess d’Adhemar.<ref>The full title being: Souvenirs sur Marie-Antoinette, archiduchesse d’Autriche, reine de France, et sur la Cour de Versailles, par Mme. la Contesse d’Adhemar, dame du palais. Paris: Mame, 1836; 4 tomes in 2 vols., 12°.</ref> It is true that the Countess d’Adhemar was on intimate terms with Marie-Antoinette. She was originally Mademoiselle de Pont-Chavigny, later the widow of the Marquis de Valbelle; she married Comte d’Adhemar around 1782. The Count had been known under the name of Mont- falcon and was in military service. He was a descendant of the d’Adhemar family which had been extinct since the 16th century. The Countess was born in 1760 and died in 1822. As the Count de Saint-Germain was in Paris in the years 1758 and 1759, she could not have known him in those days. Curiously enough, the Souvenirs of the Countess d’Adhemar range over the period from 1760 to 1821.
These Souvenirs, however, were written by the Baron £tienne- Leon de La Mothe-Langon (1786-1864), a prolific writer of “historical” memoirs in which truth and fiction are cleverly interwoven to keep the reader spellbound. For anyone to accept his writings as a sober narrative of actual events, or as quoting verbatim what was told him by participants in such events, is highly unwise. A closer analysis of this would lead us too far afield. The Souvenirs of the Countess d’Adhemar should be taken with several “grains of salt,” and not flaunted as some historical document of unquestioned authenticity.
From H.P.B.’s own words, it appears that her aunt, Nadyezhda Andreyevna de Fadeyev, had in her possession some important {{Page aside|527}}documents concerning the Count de Saint-Germain. It her work about the Count, Isabel Cooper-Oakley definitely states that she has been permitted to obtain some excerpts from the famous Souvenirs, a copy of which was at the time in the library of Madame de Fadeyev. It is probable that H.P.B.’s reference was to that work in the library of her aunt.
While no published work about Count de Saint-Germain, or any that mentions him or recounts certain events connected with him, can receive a blanket endorsement, there are at least some which may be looked upon as relatively reliable, and which are most certainly no forgeries or out and out romances. Among them mention should be made of the following:
Mémoires de mon temps. This work, according to the title-page, was dictated by the Landgrave Prince Carl von Hessen-Kassel, and published in Copenhague in 1861. The Prince was bom at Kassel December 19, 1744, the son of Prince Frederick of Hessen and of Mary, daughter of King George II of England. After spending part of his life at the Court of Christian VII, King of Denmark, whose daughter he married, he lived for many years on intimate terms with Frederick II of Prussia. The work (publ. by J. H. Schultz, 8vo., 1-151 pp.) is extremely rare and may be consulted in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris.
Denkwürdigkeiten des Barons Carl-Heinrich von Gleichen, etc. Leipzig: Druck von J. B. Hirschfeld, 1847. 8vo., 234 pp. This work exists in French under the title of: Souvenirs de Charles Henri, Baron de Gleichen. Paris: Téchener, 1868. 12°, xlviii, 227, pp. It includes a Prefatory Note by Paul Grimblot.
Baron von Gleichen was bom at Nemersdorf, near Bayreuth, in 1735, and died at Ratisbonne, April 5, 1807. After being in the service of the Margrave of Bayreuth and of Denmark, he devoted himself to study and writing. His work is also extremely scarce, but may be consulted both in the British Museum and the National Library at Paris.
Mémoires de Mme. Du Hausset, femme de chambre de Mme. de Pompadour. Paris: Baudoin frères, 1824. 8vo., xl, 313 pp. The work includes Notes and historical explanations by Quentin Craufurd, and an Essay on the Marquise de Pompadour by J.-B.-D. Despres. Another edition (Paris: Firmin-Didot frères, 1846, 525 pp.) includes excerpts from the historical and literary Mémoires of Bauchaumont, from 1762 to 1782, and a Prefatory Note and comments by Fs. Barrière. Still another ed. (Paris: E. Flammarion, 1891, xx, 181 pp.) was published with a Preface and Notes by Hippolyte Fournier.
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The author of these Mémoires was Nicolle, daughter of François Collesson, leather currier, and of Claudine Rollot, daughter of a draper-merchant at Vitry-le-François, and was bom in that town July 14, 1713. She married Jacques-René du Hausset, an equerry, who died in 1743. She became housemaid to Mme. de Pompadour, and died July 24, 1801, after a life of many vicissitudes.
Among the more recent works on the Count, mention should be made of the work by Pierre Lhermier, Le mystérieux comte de Suint-Germain, posthumously published at Paris in 1943 by the Éditions Colbert. This is one of the most carefully written works evidencing an understanding of the subject.
As to the portrait of Count de Saint-Germain, there is only one known to have existed. It was in the collection of Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, Marquise d’Urfé, who died November 13, 1775. According to Paul Chacornac’s opinion, this portrait was painted by Count Pietro dei Rotari (1707-1762), an artist who was bom at Verona, Italy, and acquired a considerable reputation in his native land. He was a disciple of Antoine Balestra and of Ange Trevisani, and produced several rather large paintings, some of which are in Munich and Dresden (Cf. Siret, Dictionnaire historique des peintres, Paris, Lacroix, 1866). Later in life, Rotari went to Russia at the invitation of Empress Elizabeth, and became her Court Painter. He died in St. Petersburg, after some years of very successful work during which he painted several hundred portraits, some of which were at one time in the Palace at Peterhof. Rotari was on intimate terms with Count de Saint-Germain who travelled to St. Petersburg at his suggestion, where they frequented together many of the renowned aristocratic families of Russia.
It is Chacornac’s opinion that Count de Saint-Germain presented to Madame d’Urfé this portrait painted by Rotari, somewhat prior to his departure for The Hague, at the beginning of 1760. When she died, a portion of her collection was bought by the Duke de la Vallière in 1777, at whose death both his library and his paintings were sold.
It was most likely at this time that a French engraver known as N. Thomas (b. about 1750; d. in Paris about 1812) produced a copper engraving of the oil painting, and this engraving eventually was deposited in the “Cabinet des Estampes” of the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris.
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'''Sargent, Epes'''. American author, b. at Gloucester, Mass., Sept. 27, 1813. Educated chiefly at the Boston Latin School, which he entered at the age of nine. Although matriculated at Harvard College, {{Page aside|529}}he did not remain for graduation. When a boy, accompanied his father upon an extended trip to Russia, where he spent much time studying various collections of paintings. Upon his return, he started a small weekly paper, the Literary Journal, in which he gave an account of his experiences in Russia. From that time on, he devoted himself to literature. His first contributions appeared in the Boston Daily Advertiser. For a while, he associated himself with S. G. Goodrich in the preparation of the Peter Parley Books. In 1836 he wrote for Josephine Clifton a five-act play entitled The Bride of Genoa, followed the next year by the tragedy Velasco, both plays being successfully produced. In 1837, Sargent became connected with the Boston Atlas, as Washington correspondent. In 1839, he took charge for a while of the New York Mirror, but returned to Boston, 1846, where he edited for several years The Evening Transcript. He established himself at Roxbury, and after a few years withdrew from newspaper life and engaged exclusively in literary pursuits. It is during this period that he wrote a number of children’s books, some of which reached a large sale. In 1852, he produced the Standard Speaker, a work of rare completeness which passed through thirteen editions within three years. He also prepared excellent readers for public schools, which had an enormous sale. He also continued to produce some plays, such as The Priestess, with great success. In 1849, Sargent published a collection of poems under the title of Songs of the Sea, some of which were set to music. He was on terms of intimacy with Henry Clay and wrote a life of that distinguished statesman. He was well known as a lecturer throughout New England and counted among his close friends some of the famous men of the day, such as Daniel Webster and others.
Epes Sargent wrote a number of novels, such as: Wealth and Worth (1840); Fleetwood, or the Stain of a Birth (1845), and others; among his poems, there is a lyrical one called Life on the Ocean Wave, beginning with the stirring line, “Oh, ye keen breezes from the Salt Atlantic.” He also published American Adventures by Land and Sea (1847, 2 vols.); Original Dialogues (1861); and edited several memoirs.
Sargent’s interest in spiritual subjects is fully dealt with in Η.P.B.’s article on pages 239-40 of the present volume, wherein she speaks of his work entitled *The Scientific Basis of Spiritualism (2nd ed., Boston: Colby & Rich, 1881; 6th ed., 1891). In an unsigned note, possibly by Η.P.B. or by Col. Olcott, inserted in The Theosophist (Vol. II, March, 1881, p. 139), reporting the death of this remarkable man, which took place at Boston, December {{Page aside|530}}31, 1880, and in which is acknowledged a donation by Sargent of some of his school books to the Theosophical School for boys at Point de Galle, Ceylon, it is also stated that “there was something so sweet and winsome in his tone, expression of face and sentiments; such candour and evident devotion to what was good and true; and withal such a dignified purpose to act up to his light and his convictions, that for him to make an acquaintance was to secure a friend.” This is followed by a quotation from the Boston Transcript which praises Sargent in a genuine way.
It is also stated in The Theosophist that Sargent “was the author of various books of education which possess such superior merit that Mr. Jayasekara, Manager of our Galle school, declares them better than any English series he has even seen. A Cyclopaedia of Poetry upon which he had been engaged for some years, was completed only about a month before his death.” Mention is also made of two other works by Sargent, namely, Planchette and Proof Palpable of Immortality, on subjects of grave concern in those days.
All in all, Epes Sargent was a man of sterling qualities, and apparently was in contact with the Founders by correspondence.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Sepher Yetzirah or Book of Formation'''. Reputed to be the oldest Kabbalistic work, attributed to Rabbi Akiba. It deals with permutations of numbers and letters, and is our first sources for the doctrine of emanations and the Sephiroth. The editio princeps is that of Mantua, 1562, with several subsequent ones. Text and Comm, by Dunash ben Tamim have been publ. by M. Grossberg, London, 1902, and parts of it have been transl. by W. Wynn Westcott (Bath: R. H. Fryar, 1887, 4to; 2nd ed., London: Theos. Publ. Society, 1893). See also Knut Stenring, The Book of Formation, a translation publ. in 1923, 8vo.
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'''Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)'''. *Hamlet.—* Love*s Labour's Lost.
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'''Shimon ben Yohai'''. See Vol. VII, pp. 269-70, for biogr. data.
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'''Shraddha Ram'''. *Dharma Rakhsha. No information.
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'''Sinnett, A. P. (1840-1921)'''. *The Occult World, 1881.—*The Mahatma Letters, etc. 3rd rev. ed., Adyar, 1962.
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'''Slade, Dr. Henry (?-1905)'''. See Vol. I, p. 525, for information.
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'''Smith, George'''. English Assyriologist, b. at Chelsea, London, March 26, 1840; d. at Aleppo, Aug. 19, 1876. Was a banknote engraver by trade. Through the interest of Sir Henry Rawlinson, was appointed assistant in the Assyriology department of the British Museum. The earliest of his successes was the discovery of two {{Page aside|531}}inscriptions, one fixing the date of the total eclipse of the sun in the month Sivan (May), 763 B.C., and the other the date of the invasion of Babylonia by the Elamites in 2280 B.C. Achieved worldwide renown by his Chaldean Account of Genesis, Rpr. Wizards Bks. 1977. Engaged in widespread excavations at Neneveh and Kuyunjik, during three separate expeditions, 1873-76. One of his best works is *Ancient History from the Monuments. The History of Babylonia, posthumously publ. in London, 1877, and edited and brought up to date by the Rev. A. H. Sayce in a new edition, London, 1895. Smith also wrote a work on Assyria, publ. in 1875.
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{{Footnotes}}
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