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'''Leo XIII, Pope (1810-1903)'''. *Acta Leonis XIII, Rome, 1878-1903, 26 vols.; *Sanctissimi Domini N. Leonis XIII allocutiones, epistolae, etc., Bruges and Lille, 1887, etc.; *The Great Encyclicals of Leo XIII, ed. by J. J. Wynne, New York, 1902; Papal Bull * Dolemus inter alia . . ., July 13, 1886.
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'''Lewes, George Henry (1817-1878)'''. Vide Vol. VIII, p. 463, for biographical data.
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'''Lewins, Dr. Robert'''. *Auto-Centricism; or the Brain Theory of Life and Mind, London, 1888.—*Humanism versus Theism. London: W. Stewart & Co.
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'''Loyola, Ignatius de''' (real name: Iñigo López de Recalde, 14911556). *Constitutiones. Composed towards close of his life; approved by the General Congregation, 1558, after his death. Facsimile ed. of Spanish text, with Ignatius’ handwritten annotations and corrections publ. in Rome, 1908.
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'''Lundy, Dr. John Patterson (1823-1892)'''. Rector, Church of the Holy Apostles, New York. *Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers, of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.
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'''MacKenzie, Kenneth Robert Henderson (?-1886)'''. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” Founder of present Order of Rosicrucians in England and author of the rare work entitled *The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites, Symbolism and Biography, London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
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'''Mackenzie, Sir Morell'''. Eminent British physician, son of a surgeon, b. at Leytonstone, Essex, July 7, 1837; d. Feb. 3, 1892. Studied at the London Hospital, at Paris, Vienna and Pesth, where he learned the use of the newly-invented laryngoscope under J. N. Czermak. In 1862, became specialist in diseases of the throat; in 1863, helped to found the Throat Hospital in King Street, Golden Square, becoming a leading authority.
In May, 1887, was summoned to attend the German Crown Prince Frederick, whose illness was difficult to diagnose. The German physicians (Karl Gerhardt, Tobold, E. von Bergmann, and others) had diagnosed his disease on May 18, 1887, as cancer of the throat, but Mackenzie insisted, on the basis of a microscopical examination of portion of the tissue by R. Virchow, that this was not the case, and that an operation for tire extirpation of the larynx was then unjustifiable. His opinion was accepted. He was knighted in September, 1887, for his services. In November, however, it was admitted that Frederick’s disease was cancer, though Mackenzie hinted that it had become malignant since his examination as a result of the irritating effect of the treatment by the German doctors, for which there seems to exist some evidence. Tracheotomy was performed in San Remo, February 9, 1888. The Crown Prince became Emperor on March 9, 1888, and died on June 13 of the same year. For a time a violent quarrel raged between Mackenzie and the German medical world. The German doctors published an account of the illness, to which Mackenzie replied by the work entitled The Fatal Illness of Frederick the Noble (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, 1888. 246 pp.). This resulted in his being censured by the Royal College of Surgeons. Mackenzie had a very high opinion of the moral character of Frederick III and stated so publicly.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Mahavamsa. Ed. by Wilhelm Geiger'''. London: for Pali Text Soc., Oxford Univ. Press, 1908 (Roman). PTS 63.—Transl. by Wilhelm Geiger and Mabel Bode. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. PTS., trans, ser. (3.). [both at Y. C. NYP. JHU. Pea. Cong. Cl. Ch. H.].
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'''Mainardi, Girolamo'''. *Roman Bullarium, 1734-44; vols. numbered from VII to XIV; from Clement X (1670) to Benedict XIV (1740).
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Manavadharmasdstra or Manusmriti (Manu)'''. The most important and earliest of the metrical Smritis, prob, based on a Manavadhar- masutra. Closely connected with the Mahabharata, of which three books alone (iii., xii., xvi) contain as many as 260 of its 2684 slokas. Probably assumed its present shape not much later than 200 a.d. Text crit. edited by J. Jolly. London: Triibner & Co., 1887. Triibner’s Orient. Ser.—Transl. by G. Buhler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. SBE XXV.
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'''Massey, Gerald (1828-1907)'''. *“The Name and Nature of the Christ,” in the Agnostic Annual of 1888.—*The Natural Genesis. London: Williams and Norgate, 1883. 2 vols.
Vide Volume VIII, pp. 465-67, for comprehensive sketch about the author and his work.
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'''Michelet, Jules (1798-1874)'''. *Du prêtre, de la femme, de la famille. Paris: Hachette, 1845. 8vo. xx, 319 pp.; 7th ed., 1861; also 1875, 1900. —*Étude sur les Jésuites (in collaboration with E. Quinet), Paris, 1900.
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'''Milton, John (1608-1674)'''. The source of the verses quoted has remained untraced.
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'''Mirville, Jules Eudes, Marquis de (1802-1873)'''. *Pneumatologie. Des Esprits, etc. Vide Volume VII, p. 384, for full particulars about this work.
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'''Molière''' (pseud. of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, 1622-1673). *George Dandin. A comedy.
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'''Molloy, Joseph Fitzgerald (1858-1908)'''. *A Modern Magician. A Romance. London: Ward & Downey, 1887. 3 vols. 8vo.
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'''Montagu, Lord Robert'''. English politician and controversialist, b. at Melchbourne, Bedfordshire, Jan. 24, 1825; d. at Kensington, May 6, 1902. Received private education, and awarded M.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, 1849. Conservative M.P., 1859-74. Publ. treatise on ship-building, 1852. Opposed Roebuck’s resolution, 1863, for recognition of the confederacy of the Southern States of America, and was strongly in favour of nonintervention between Denmark and the German powers, 1864; advocated plurality voters and feared the policy of multiplying the ignorant voter; liberal on social questions, and as early as 1860 supported a council of conciliation in labour disputes; was in favour of trade unions. As minister of education, advocated extension of technical education and sought to enforce the conscience clause in all public schools. Remained out of harmony with Disraeli’s Government. Upon retirement, devoted himself to religious controversy. In 1870, became Roman Catholic for a short period, rejoining the Anglican Church, 1882, on ethical and political grounds. He then pursued a vigorous campaign against Romanist doctrines and practices, professing to expose a conspiracy involving both political parties to bring England under the dominion of the Papacy. Author of: A Few Words on Garibaldi, 3rd ed., 1861.—*Recent Events, and a Clue to their Solution, 2nd ed., London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1886. xxiv, 711 pp. 8vo.; 3rd ed., 1888. —Reasons for Leaving the Church of Rome, 1886.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Monumento Histórica Societatis Jesu'''. Critically edited by the Collegio Imperial de la Compañía de Jesus at Madrid. Rome, 1921; 59 vols. in all; Vol. I dated 1894.
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'''Moor, Major Edward (1771-1848)'''. *Hindoo Pantheon. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1810. 4to. xiv, 451 pp. The “new edition” of Madras, 1864, lacks the plates H. P. B. refers to in several of her writings. Vide Volume VII, p. 384, for biogr. data about the author.
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'''More, Hannah'''. English poet, playwright and religious writer, b. at Fishponds, Gloucestershire, near Bristol, Feb. 2, 1745; d. at Clifton, near Bristol, Sept. 7, 1835, leaving an estate of £30,000. Precocious child; received very fine education, becoming fluent in French and competent in Latin. Until 22, taught in her sisters’ lady’s academy. Engaged to an elderly Mr. Turner who, after six years of engagement, settled on her £200 per annum. Went to London where she became a writer of tragedies, and a close friend of David Garrick and his wife. Until 1802 spent at least part of the year in London, but gradually withdrew from the society circles. At the instigation of Wm. Wilberforce, she and her sisters began a school in the Mendip Hills for the poor and lowly. Even that small beginning of education was bitterly opposed by landowners and clergy. Played important role in the development of workaday ethics and philanthropy, but became somewhat disappointed in her educational work in later years. Minutely described customs of the time which she excoriates. Much of her writing is of an evangelical kind. Chief works: The Fatal Falsehood (play), 1779.—Poetry: Bas Bleu, 1786; Florio, 1786; Slavery, 1788.—*Daniel: A Sacred Drama, 1782.—Moral Sketches, 1819. —Cheap Repository Tracts, 1795-98.
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'''Morison, James A. Cotter (1832-88)'''. Vide Vol. VIII, p. 469, for biographical data.
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'''Moses, Rev. Wm. Stainton''' (pseud.: “Μ. A. Oxon.”—1840-92). *Visions, London, 1888.
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'''Moses de Leon (1250-1305)'''. Vide Vol. VII, p. 270, of the present Series for biographical data.
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'''Müller, H'''. *Les origines de la Compagnie de Jesus: Ignace et Lainez, Paris, 1898.
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'''Müller, Max (Friedrich Maximilian] (1823-1900)'''. *Introduction to the Science of Religion. Four lecöures delivered at the Royal Institution. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1873. ix, 11, 403 pp. 8vo. Vide Volume V, pp. 378-79, in the present Series, for biogr. data about the author.
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'''Munk, Salomon'''. For biogr. data see Vol. VIII, pp. 469-70.
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'''Neave, B'''. *The Jesuits, their Foundation and History. London, 1879. 2 vols.
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'''Nicolini, Giovanni Battista'''. Deputy from Rome to the Tuscan Constitutional Assembly. *History of the Jesuits; their origin, progress, doctrines and designs. Olig, ed., 1854; London: G. Bell and Sons, 1879; also in Bohn’s ill. library, 1849, etc.
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'''Nippold, Friedrich (1838-1918)'''. *Handbuch der neuesten Kirchengeschichte seit der Restauration von 1814 . . . Elberfeld, 1867. 8vo; 2nd ed., 1868; 3rd ed., in 3 vols., 1880-1906.—*Die IVege nach Rom und die Los-von-Rom-Bewegungen, 1909.—*Der Jesuitenorden von seiner Wiederherstellung bis zur Gegenwart, Mannheim, 1867.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Nirnaya Sindhu''' (Kamalakara Bhatta). With Commentary of Krishnam Bhatta. Edited with notes by Pandit Gopala Shastri Nene. 2153. Benares: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1919-30. Work No. 52. [UP.]
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'''Norris, Rev. Henry Handley'''. *The Principles of the Jesuits, developed in a Collection of Extracts from their own Authors: to which are prefixed a brief account of the Origin of the Order, and a sketch of its Institute. London: J. G. and F. Rivington, St. Paul’s Church-Yard, and Waterloo Place, Pall Mall; H. Wix, 41, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; J. Leslie, Great Queen Street, 1839. xvi and 277 pp. Published anonymously.
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'''Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907)'''. *Old Diary Leaves. The True History of The Theosophical Society. Vol. I. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons; Madras: The Theosophist, 1895. x, 2, 491 pp., pl.
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'''Oliphant, Laurence (1829-1888)'''. *Sympneumata; or, evolutionary forces now active in man. Edinburgh and London: Blackwood & Sons, 1885. 8vo. Vide Vol. VII, pp. 386-87, for biographical sketch of the author.
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'''Origen (1857-254?)'''. *Comm, in Evangelium Joannis. Migne PCC.
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'''Papus''' (pseud, of Gerard Analect Vincent Encausse). French mystic and occult writer, b. at La Corogne, Spain, July 13, 1865; d. in Paris, 1916. His father was a French chemist, Louis Encausse, and his mother a Spanish lady. After graduating in medicine and surgery, his attraction to the psychical and occult side of things was shown in his temporary association with the Theosophical Society in Paris. Early in life he discovered the inadequacy of the materialistic views of the medical profession, and came to the conclusion that life was based on sacrifice and not on the struggle for existence. His studies of magic and allied subjects led to his establishing groups for the study of these matters.
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One of them was the Groupe Indépendant d’Études Ésotériques; another was the Ordre Martiniste; out of these grew his Faculté des Sciences Hermétiques. The Martinist Order was very successful and had branches in various parts of the world. Unlike so many organizations which assume in modern days a Masonic or kindred origin, it did not make any false claims regarding its source. The figure of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin was merely revered in the Order as an outstanding personality. The Order came into possession of valuable documents concerning Saint-Martin, and the writings of Dr. Encausse, who wrote under the pseudonym of “ Papus,” threw additional light upon a number of mystics connected with those times.
Dr. Encausse broke away alike from the tradition and practice of the orthodox medical school, earning the usual consequences in its open and secret hostility; nevertheless he was a successful and popular physician, and his clinic in the Rue Rodier in Paris is said to have been crowded. He died literally exhausted through his exertions on behalf of the wounded during the First World War.
Dr. Encausse was a voluminous writer. Among his many works mention should be made of the following: *Traité élémentaire de science occulte, etc., Paris: G. Carré, 1888. 219 pp.; 5th ed., 1898. 456 pp.— Traité méthodique de science occulte, ibid., 1891. 1092 pp.—Traité élémentaire de magie pratique, etc. Paris: Chaumil, 1893. 559 pp.—La Cabbale, etc., 2nd ed., Paris: Bibliothèque Chacornac, 1903, 357 pp. —A large number of pamphlets on occult themes, and a number of anatomical and medical works.
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'''Paroissen, C'''. *Principles of the Jesuits, London, 1860.
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'''Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)'''. *Provinciales (Provincial Letters), Paris, 1656; many translations.
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'''Paul III, Pope (1468-1549)'''. *Bull: Regimini militantis ecclesiae, September 27, 1540, in Literae Apostolicae, Rome, 1606; and in C. Cocquelines, Bullarum, etc., Rome 1745.
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'''Photius (ca. 820-891)'''. Patriarch of Constantinople, 858-67, and 878-86. His public career seems to have begun during the dissensions between the patriarch Ignatius and Bardas, the uncle of the youthful Emperor Michael III. Ignatius was imprisoned, 858, and deposed, while Photius, although a layman, received all the necessary sacerdotal orders within six days, and was installed as patriarch. The cause of Ignatius was then espoused by Pope Nicholas in a manner highly offensive to the independent feeling of the Eastern Church. Photius looked upon himself as the champion of Eastern Christianity against Latin pretensions. In 863 Nicholas anathematized him; Photius replied by a counterexcommunication. When both Bardas and Michael were assassinated, 867, the fall of Photius immediately ensued; he was {{Page aside|448}}banished in 867, and Ignatius was reinstated. On the death of the latter, 878, Photius became patriarch once more. In 879 the legates of Pope John VIII attended a synod at Constantinople and were prepared to acknowledge Photius as legitimate patriarch; but John disowned his legates and again excommunicated Photius. The latter ignored his action, but a palace revolution caused his banishment, 886, to Bordi in Armenia, where he died. Photius was a man of very strong character and sense of dignity; in erudition, literary power, and versatility of intellect, he surpassed most of his contemporaries. The most important of his works is his renowned Bibliotheca or Myriobiblon (ed. I. Bekker, 1824-25), a collection of extracts from, and abridgments of, 280 volumes of classical authors, the originals of which are now to a great extent lost. To Photius we are indebted for almost all we possess of Ctesias, Memnon, Conon, the lost books of Diodorus Siculus, and lost writings of Arrian.
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'''Pius VII, Pope''' (Luigi Barnaba Chiaramonti—1740-1823). *Bull: Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum . . . See Barberi’s work.
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'''Polanco, Juan Alonso'''. Jesuit historian, b. at Burgos, 1516; d. at Rome, Dec. 21, 1576. Studied at Paris; joined the Order in 1541; after further studies at Padua and Florence, he was called to Rome by Loyola himself, and became his secretary; kept this post until the death of Borgia, and was the right arm of the Founder of the Order, both in the formulation of its Constitution, and in the correspondence with the various houses of the Order. He gathered a considerable amount of data concerning Loyola’s life and the early history of the Jesuits, embodying his information in a work entitled Vita Ignatii Loiolae et rerum Societatis Jesu historia (in Monum. Hostrica S. J., Madrid, 1894-97; 6 vols.). This together with the 2 vols. of Poland Complementa (1916-17) constitutes an important source for an understanding of the beginnings of the Jesuit Order.
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'''Pompignan, Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de'''. French lawyer and poet, b. at Montauban, Aug. 10, 1709; d. 1784. Educ. by the Jesuits; studied law and became solicitor general in his native town, and later councilor at Parliament of Toulouse. Gave up legal career, 1745, and devoted himself to writing. He had already written two tragedies: Didon, 1734, and Zoraide, 1735, and a satirical comedy. These were followed by some dissertations on archaeological questions. His Poesies sacrées et philosophiques established his reputation. Among his Odes, the one on the death of JeanBaptiste Rousseau, written in 1741, is the best known. He was rated as second among French lyric poets, becoming member of the Academy, 1760. In his speech before this Institution, he attacked the Encyclopedists, arousing the hatred and dislike of many people. He was attacked in his turn by Voltaire and others, {{Page aside|449}}and soon retired to his château de Pompignan, where he engaged himself in the translation of classical writers, such as Aeschylus, Virgil, Rutilius, etc.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Proceedings'''. Second Annual Convention of the T. S., American Section; Chicago, Ill., April 22-23, 1888.
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'''Pulsford, John (1815-1897)'''. *Morgenrothe: a Book of the age, for the Children of the age. A Supplement to “The Supremacy of Man.” London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1881. 8vo. 215 pp.; also 1883.
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'''Purucker, Gottfried de (1874-1942)'''. *The Esoteric Tradition. Point Loma, Calif.: Theosophical University Press, 1935. 2 vols.; xvi, 1109 pp. Index; 2nd ed., 1940.
Quicherat, Louis-Marie. French philologist, b. at Paris, Oct. 12, 1799; d. there Nov. 17, 1884. After a college education, taught rhetoric in various universities and was appointed, 1843, director of the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Was elected, 1864, member of the Académie des Inscriptions, to replace Hase. Outstanding Latin scholar of great renown. Author of : Thesaurus poeticus linguae latinae, Paris, 1836; Dictionnaire latin-français, Paris, 1844; Dictionnaire français-latin, Paris, 1858; Melange de philologie, Paris, 1879. Published a considerable number of annotated editions of the classics, such as Horace, Virgil, Homer, etc., and many articles on philology in the current journals.
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'''Quinet, Edgar (1803-1875)'''. *L’Ultramontanisme ou l’Église Romaine et la Société Moderne. Paris, 1844. 8vo; Engl. tr. by C. Cocks, 1845.
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'''Ranke, Hermann'''. *Die ägyptischen Personennamen, Glückstadt, 1935 ff.
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'''Ravignan, Le Père Gustave-François-Xavier de Lacroix (1795-1858)'''. *Clément XIII et Clément XIV, Paris, 1854.
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'''Régnier, René-François'''. French Cardinal, b. at Saint-Quentin (Maine-et-Loire), July 17, 1794. Was at first prof, in Collège de Beaupréau at the time of the Restoration; then head of the Collège d’Angers. He joined the orders and became Vicar-General, 1830, Bishop of Angoulême, 1814-50, and Archbishop of Cambrai, 1850. Stayed in Rome, 1869, as Assistant to the Papal throne. Favoured Papal infallibility. Became Cardinal, 1873. Condemned freedom of thought as a pernicious error, in his official pronouncement as Cardinal.
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'''Renan, Ernest (1823-1892)'''. *Vie de Jésus. First publ. in 1863; five ed. within the year; numerous ed. since; 6th ed., Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1923. Engl. tr. by Chas. E. Wilbour. New York: Carleton; Paris: Μ. Lévy frères, 1864; many subs, editions.{{Page aside|450}}—*“Joachim de Flore et l’Évangile éternel,” Revue des Deux- Mondes, Vol. 64, July, 1866, pp. 94-142; also in Nouvelles études d’histoire religieuse, Paris, 1884.
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>Réponse aux Assertions. No information available.
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'''Reusch, F. H. (1825-1900)'''. *Beitrage zur Geschichte des Jesuitenordens, Munich, 1894.
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'''Richardson, Sir Benjamin Ward'''. English physician, b. at Somerby, Leicestershire, Oct. 31, 1828; d. in London, Nov. 21, 1896. Educated at Anderson College, Glasgow, and St. Andrews Univ. Removed to London, 1855, and for three years was lecturer on medical jurisprudence at the School of Medicine in Grosvenor Place, and until 1865 lecturer on physiology. Especially interested in sanitary reform and methods of anaesthesia, bringing into use some fourteen different anaesthetics. Constructed lethal chamber for the humane extinction of the life of animals. Discovered the properties of amyl nitrite. Was strong advocate of total abstinence from alcohol. Aside from scientific writings, wrote biographies, plays and poems. Chief works: Diseases of Modern Life, 1876.—National Health, 1890.—The Field of Disease. London: Macmillan & Co., 1883.—Disciples of Aesculapius (with a biographical sketch by his daughter). London: Hutchinson & Co., 1900.—The Ascle-piad—series of original researches in the science, art and literature of medicine, which appeared quarterly, 1884-95.—*Theory of the Nervous Ether. No. 13 of Half-Hour Recreations in Popular Science. First Series. Selected and ed. by Dana Estes. Boston, 1874.
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'''Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich''' (usually called Jean Paul). Famous German author and thinker, b. at Wunsiedel, Bavaria, March 21, 1763; d. at Bayreuth, Nov. 14, 1825. Attended gymnasium at Hof, then went to the university of Leipzig, 1781. Unable to maintain himself there, returned to Hof, 1784, where he lived with his mother. Served as tutor to several families. His power as a writer was recognized with the publication of his second work, Die unsichtbare Loge, 1793. He then produced in quick succession a large number of works which won for him an assured place in German literature. Went to Leipzig, 1797, and to Weimar the following year; had pleasant intercourse with Herder, but did not become intimate with either Goethe or Schiller who did not appreciate his literary methods. After marrying, 1801, settled at Bayreuth, 1804, and spent there a quiet and simple life writing constantly. His material needs were met by a handsome pension from the prince-primate von Dahlberg. Richter regarded his novel Titan (1800-03) and his work Flegeljahre (1804-05) as his masterpieces. He wrote on art, education, current events, etc. His characteristics are an amazingly fertile imagination, the power of suggesting great thoughts by means of the simplest incidents {{Page aside|451}}and relations, his deeply religious nature, and his sense of humour. To him visible things were but the symbols of the invisible, and unseen realities were paramount in his thought-worId. He had a passionate scorn for pretence and an enthusiasm for truth and goodness. His Collected Writings appeared in 1826-28 in sixty vols., to which were added five vols. in 1836-38.
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'''Rivington, Luke''', b. in London, May, 1838; d. there, May 30, 1899. son of a publisher; educ. at Magdalen Coll., Oxford. Ordained as Anglican clergyman, 1862; noted as preacher at All Saints, Margaret St., London; became superior of the Cowley Fathers’s house in Bombay. Becoming unsettled in his religious ideas, he visited Rome, 1888, and was ordained priest in the Roman Church, 1889. Returning to England, he devoted himself to preaching and writing controversial works. Some of these were: Authority; or a plain reason for joining the Church of Rome; Dust; Dependence; Anglican Fallacies; The Roman Primacy A. D. 430-51 (1889), and a number of pamphlets. He was very active in the Catholic Truth Society.
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'''Robertson, Frederick William'''. English divine, known as Robertson of Brighton, b. in London, Feb. 3, 1816; d. Aug. 15, 1853. Studied at Edinburgh Univ, and at Oxford. Ordained, 1840, serving in curacies at Winchester and Cheltenham. In 1847, entered upon his famous ministry at Trinity Chapel, Brighton, where his church was thronged with thoughtful men of all types. His insight into the principles of spiritual life was unrivalled. His sermons showed the way to spiritual freedom and were a source of inspiration to many. He suffered much from the opposition aroused by his sympathy with the revolutionary ideas of 1848. His works include five vols. of Sermons, and two vols. of lectures.
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'''Roca, Abbe'''. Vide Volume VIII, pp. 341-42, for all pertinent information that is available.
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'''Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio'''. Italian mystical philosopher and ecclesiastic, b. at Rovereto, March 15, 1797; d. at Stresa, July 1, 1855. Ordained, 1825; served as priest in his native town, 1834-36. Urged by strong zeal, he founded a society for secular priests, the Instituto della carita, and a Collegia intended to propagate the faith among the people. After some contention with Mamiani and Gioberti, he linked his own efforts with theirs in the cause of the independence and the unification of Italy. Minister of Public Instruction under Pius IX, who promised to make him Cardinal. He accompanied the Pope to Gaite, November, 1848; his liberal ideas, however, turned the Pope against him. Rosmini then retired to Stresa and divided his time between study and the administration of his Institute. His system of philosophy was based on an understanding between science and faith, but with subordination of the former to the latter. His character was {{Page aside|452}}generous, his logic full of vigour, his writings very forceful, and he occupied at the time a leading position among the philosophers of Italy. Chief works: Litteratura ed arti belle, Intra, 1870-73. 2 vols.—Predicazioni, Milan, 1843.—Nuovo Saggio sull’ origine delle idee, Rome, 1830, considered the most important of his works.—Teosofia, Turin, 1859-64, in 5 vols.
An informative article on Rosmini, from the pen of A.L.B. Hardcastle, may be found in The Theosophical Review, Vol. XXVI, May, 1900.
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'''Ross, William Stewart''' (pseud.: “Saladin”). Secularist, b. at Kirkbean, Galloway, March 20, 1844; d. of heart failure at Brixton, Nov. 30, 1906. Son of a farm servant and a presbyterian; educated at the parish school of New Abbey, and Hutton Hall Academy, Caerlaverock. Became usher at Hutton Hall, then master at Glenesslin School, Dunscore, in 1861 ; went in 1864 to Glasgow University to prepare for Scottish ministry. Showed much promise as debater at Dialectical Society. Conscientious scruples prevented completion of theological studies. Favourable reception of his novel, Mildred Merlock, led him to seek livelihood from his pen. Went to London to assist Thomas Laurie in the publication of educational works. Became in 1872 a publisher himself (at 41 Farrington St.), under the name of Wm. Stewart & Co.; published books on English history and literature. Ross entered enthusiastically into the Freethought Movement, and assisted Chas. Bradlaugh in the struggle for liberty of thought and speech. Contributed essays to the Secular Review, becoming its sole Editor after amalgamation with the Secularist, 1884; changed its title to Agnostic Journal, 1889. Wrote under pseudonym of “ Saladin ” many pungent criticisms of existing social corruption in Church and State, fearlessly showing up the evils of the day. Other aspects of his strong character found an outlet in poetry and romance. Chief works: *Lays of Romance and Chivalry. London: Wm. Stewart & Co., 1882. 69 pp. 8vo.—*Woman: her Glory, her Shame, and her God, ibid., 1888. 2 vols.; new ed., 1906.—God and his Book, 1887.
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'''Saint-Priest, Alexis de Guignard, Comte de (1805-51)'''. *Histoire de la chulte des jésuites, Paris, 1846.
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'''Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, Marquis Alexandre'''. French publicist, sociologist and religio-philosophical writer, b. in Paris, 1839; d. at Pau, 1909. Very little information seems to be available about his life. He was for a time editor in the office of foreign press connected with the Department of the Interior. After retiring from this activity, he devoted all his time to study and writing, leading a life of seclusion in Paris. Among his many works should be mentioned: Mission des Souverains (1882; also Paris: Nord-Sud, 1948, 8vo., with portrait of the author); Mission des Ouvriers (1883), {{Page aside|453}}*Mission des Juifs (1884, 8vo. 947 pp.), considered to be one of his most important works; La France vraie (1887); l'Empereur Alexandre III, épopée russe (1889); Jeanne d’Arc victorieuse (1890); La Théogonie des Patriarches, etc. (Paris, 1909, 4to. 99 pp.); l’Archéomètre, clef de toutes les sciences de l’Antiquité, etc. (Paris, 1911, 4to., 231 pp., posthumously publ.; it is very scarce and is looked upon as the synthesis of his entire literary work); Mission de l’Inde en Europe, etc. (1912). Saint-Yves outlines in most of his works certain ideas concerning the social structure of mankind which he calls the Synarchy. His writings are closely related to those of Fabre d’Olivet.
Consult Le Lotus, Paris, Vol. II, May, 1888, for a long article on both of these writers by “Papus” (Dr. Encausse).
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'''“Saladin.”''' Vide Ross.
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'''Schelling, Friedrich von (1775-1854)'''. Passage not identified.
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'''Schiller, Johann von (1759-1805)'''. Passage not identified.
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'''Schlagintweit, Emil (1835-1904)'''. *Buddhism in Tibet, etc. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus; London: Triibner & Co., 1863.
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'''Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832)'''. Passage not identified.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Sepher Yetzirah'''. Vide Vol. VIII, p. 415, for particulars.
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'''Sepp, Johann Nepomuk (1816-1909)'''. *Das Leben Jesu Christi. Regensburg, 1842-46. 7 vols.; 2nd ed., 1858; 4th ed., Miinich: D. Hamborg, 1898.—*Vide de Jésus. Tr. by Charles Sainte-Foi {pseudonym of Éloi Jourdain). Paris: Vve. Poussielgue-Rusand, 1854. 2 vols. 8vo; 2nd ed., 1861. Vide Vol. VII, pp. 393-94, for biographical data concerning the author.
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'''Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)'''. *Much Ado About Nothing.— *Measure for Measure.
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'''Sherman, Edwin A'''., 32°, *The Engineer Corps of Hell; or, Rome’s Sappers and Miners (cont. secret Manual of Jesuits), San Francisco, 1883, 320 pp. Very scarce.
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'''Shimon ben Yohai'''. Vide Vol. VII, pp. 269-70, of the present Series for information concerning him.
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'''Sibbald, Andrew T'''. *“The Sraddha,” Lucifer, Vol. II, May- August, 1888.
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'''Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840-1921)'''. *Esoteric Buddhism. London: Triibner & Co., 1883; many subs, editions.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Skanda-purana'''. In MSS. form, if. Bombay: Venkatesvara Press, 1908-09 [Ch.].
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{{Page aside|454}}
'''Skinner, F. Ralston'''. *Key to the Hebrew-Egyptian Mystery in the Source of Measures, etc. Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co., 1875. xvi, 324 pp.; new ed., with 63 pp. of Supplement, 1894; another ed., Philadelphia, Penna.: David McKay Co., 1931.
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'''Smith'''. *“The Suppression of the Society of Jesus,” in The Month, London, Vols. XCIX, C, CI, CII, 1902-03.
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'''Sommervogel, C. (1834-1902) and A. de Backer (1809-73)'''. *Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, Paris, 1890-1900. 9 vols, and an extra vol. of Tables, 1904.
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'''Souvestre, C'''. *Monita privata, Paris, 1880.
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'''Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn'''. English divine, dean of Westminster, b. at Alderley, Cheshire, Dec. 13, 1815; d. July 18, 1881. Educ. at Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford. Took orders, 1839. Travelled in Greece and Italy, 1840, and was for ten years tutor of his college. Was a strong advocate of toleration and believed that the Church should include opposite and contradictory opinions. Greatly interested in university reform, acting as secretary to the royal commission, 1852. Made a tour of Egypt and the HolyLand, 1852-53. Travelled in Russia, 1857. Appointed, 1856, regius professor of ecclesiastical history at Oxford, a post he held till 1863. Published the first two volumes of his History of the Jewish Church in 1863 and 1865. In the storm which followed the publication of his Essays and Reviews, he opposed the High Church Party. Accompanied the Prince of Wales in Egypt and Palestine, 1862. Appointed, 1863, Dean of Westminster. Married in December of that year Lady Augusta Bruce, sister of Lord Elgin, then governor-general of India. Was constantly fighting for the interests of the poor. Gave offence by defending Bishop Colenso and by his invitation to the Holy Communion of all the revisers of the translation of the Bible, including a Unitarian among other Nonconformists. He desired that the Athanasian Creed be optional instead of imperative in the Church of England. Much esteemed by Queen Victoria. Other works: Sermons and Essays on the Apostolic Age, 1847.—Sinai and Palestine, 1856.—*Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church. London, 1861, 2nd ed., 1862; 4th ed., 1869; new ed., 1883.—Essays on Church and State, 1870.
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'''Strauss, David Friedrich'''. German theologian and man of letters, b. at Ludwigsburg, near Stuttgart, Jan. 27, 1808; d. in 1874. Educ. at the evangelical seminary of Blaubeuren and the univ. of Tübingen. After short interval of teaching, he went to Berlin, 1831. Ideas of Schelling, Jakob Böhme, Schleiermacher and Hegel, successively claimed his attention; under the influence of Hegel, he conceived the main idea of his two great works. Returning to Tübingen, he devoted his entire energy to the preparation of his Leben Jesu, which was published in two volumes {{Page aside|455}}in 1835-36 (Tübingen: C. F. Osiander). The work produced an immense sensation by its destructive method, causing the author to lose his position at the Lyceum of Ludwigsburg. In the third edition of his work (1839), Strauss made important concessions to his critics, which he withdrew, however, in the fourth ed. (1840; transi, into English by Geo. Eliot, with Latin preface by Strauss, 1846; there is also an English tr. by Marian Evans, 1355, in one vol.; and one in two vols., publ. in London by Williams & Norgate, 1865). In 1840-41, Strauss published his Christliche Glaubenslehre (2 vols.), the principle of which is that the history of Christian doctrines is their disintegration. Elected previously to the chair of theology at the Univ, of Zürich, he did not assume his duties on account of a storm of popular ill will which made the authorities pension him off before he was installed. After 1841, he left theology aside for a while, and produced a number of biographical works of clear and captivating style. In 1862, he returned to theology, publishing several works, the last of which was Der alte und der neue Glaube (Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1872; 16th ed., 1904; Engi, tr. by Μ. Blind, 1873). His Collected Writings were published in 12 vols, by E. Zeller, 1876-78.
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'''Sundaram Iyer'''. *Absolute Monism; or, Mind is Matter and Matter is Mind. Madras, 1887. Pamphlet.
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'''Svetchine, Sophia Petrovna de (1782-1859)'''. Russian writer, daughter of the Secretary of State, under Catherine the Great, P. A. Soymonov. When only 17 years of age, married, at the insistence of her father, General Svetchine, 24 years older than herself. Unable to find happiness, turned towards mysticism. Her education according to French standards contributed to her inclination towards Catholicism. Fell under strong influence of Joseph de Maistre, then Sardinian Ambassador in St. Petersburg. Moved to Paris, 1817, joined the Roman Catholic Church, and surrounded herself with ultramontanes and jesuits. Her salon in Paris was noted for its clerical character and included Count de Falloux and Montalembert. Most of her writings have the character of devotional meditations. Chief works are: Lettres de Mme. Svetchine. Paris: Didier, 1862. 2 vols.; 5th ed., 1881.—Correspondence de R. P. Lacordaire et de Mme. Svetchine. Paris: Didier, 1864. 8vo., 584 pp.—Mme. Svetchine: journal de sa conversion, méditations et prières Paris: A. Vaton, 1863. 8vo., 425 pp.—Nouvelles lettres. Paris: Amyot, 1875. 8vo.—Concerning her life and writings, we have the following works: Madame Svetchine: sa vie et son oeuvre, by Count de Falloux. Paris: Didier, 1860. 2 vols.; 18th ed., 1908 (Paris: Perrin), with portrait.—Madame Svetchine, etc., by Ernest Naville, Genève, 1863.—Madame Svetchine et le comte de Maistre, by Armand Pichard, Bordeau, 1864.—Russian Women of Modem Times (in Russian), by Mordovtzev, St. Petersburg, 1874.
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{{Page aside|456}}
'''Taverne or Taberna, Jean-Baptiste'''. French jesuit moralist, b. at Lille, April 6, 1622; d. at Douai, while tending to those sick during an epidemic, March 28, 1686. Entered the Order, 1640, and taught for many years philosophy and theology at Douai. Chief work: *Synopsis theologiae praclicae, etc., which was not published until after his death, at Douai, 1698, in three vols. Gave rise to prolonged arguments pro and con, and was proscribed by the Bishop of Arras. It was, however, published in as many as six editions at Cologne, between 1700 and 1754, without any deletions, and with outspoken recommendation by the Jesuits. Another ed., appeared at Bénévent, 1740. The author takes the side of “probabilism.” (See Diet, de théol. Catholique, Paris, 1903).
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'''Tacitus, Cornelius (ca. 55-120 a. d.)'''. *De origine et situ Germanorum liber. See R. P. Robinson, The Germania of Tacitus. Middletown, Conn.: Philol. Ass’n., 1935.
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'''Taunton, Ethelred Luke (1857-1907)'''. *The History of the Jesuits in England, 1580-1773. London: Metheun & Co., 1901.
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Taylor, Canon Isaac. *“Christianity and Mohammedanism,” an address delivered at the Wolverhampton Congress of the Church Missionary Society in England, October, 1887.
Published in The Rock, October 14, 1887.
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'''Temple, Bishop Frederick (1821-1902)'''. See Vol. VIII, pp. 476-77 for biographical data.
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'''Tennyson, Alfred Lord (1809-1892)'''. *No More, a poem in The Gem, a Literary Annual, 1831. Vide pp. 319-20 of the present Volume for all particulars about this poem.
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'''Tertullian, Quintus (ca. 155-ca. 222 a. d.)'''. *Carne Christi. In Migne, PCC.
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'''Theiner, Augustin (1804-74)'''. *Geschichte des Pontificats Clemens' XIV, Leipzig and Paris, 1853. 3 vols.-*Histoire des institutions chrétiennes d'éducation ecclésiastique. Tr. from German by Cohan. Paris, 1840.
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'''Theophilus'''. Twenty-second Bishop of Alexandria, appointed in 385; d. in 412. Celebrated for his zeal in demolishing pagan temples, and profaning objects connected with the pagan cults. In doing so, he aroused resistance which was in turn put down by bloody violence. Same spirit was shown by him in Church discords. Having at first defended Origen against Jerome and Epiphanius, he joined later the adversaries of Origen, and used violence against the proponents of Origen’s doctrines. Theophilus personally directed a nocturnal attack against the retreat of Dioscore, well known monk in the Egyptian desert, who held to Origen’s views. Dioscore took refuge in Palestine. To avoid {{Page aside|457}}further persecution, he and his followers went to ask the protection of the Emperor and of John Chrysostom at Constantinople. Theophilus allied himself with the enemies of John Chrysostom and worked for his downfall. After succeeding in this, he made peace with Dioscore’s followers, though Dioscore himself had died by then.
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'''Tholuck, Friedrich A. G. (1799-1877)'''. *Commentatio de vi quam graeca philosophia in theologiam turn Muhammedanorum turn Judaerum exercuerit. See Vol. VIII, p. 477 of the present Series for biographical data.
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'''Tollenare'''. Vide: Imago primi, etc.
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'''Tomasetti'''. *Turin Bullarium·, 1857-72, 22 vols. Five more vols., Naples, 1867-85.
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'''Topinard, Paul (1830-1911)'''. Work to which reference is made, without actual title being mentioned, has not been traced. Vide Vol. VIII, p. 477 of the present Series for biographical data.
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'''Tson-kha-pa (1357-1419)'''. See Lamrin.
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'''Tyndall, John (1820-1893)'''. *“Belfast Address,” in Fragments of Science. 5th ed., New York: D. Appleton, 1884; 6th ed., ibid., 1891.—*Scientific Addresses, New Haven, Conn., 1871.
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'''Überweg, Friedrich'''. German historian, b. at Leichlingen, in Rhenish Prussia, Jan. 22, 1826; d. June 9, 1871. Educ. at Göttingen and Berlin, he qualified himself at Bonn as Privat-docent in philosophy, 1852. Called to Konigsberg, 1862, as extraord. prof., and in 1868 was advanced to the ordinary grade. His compendious, accurate and impartial Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie has been repeatedly re-edited (1st ed., 1863-66; 12th ed., 1923-28; Engl, tr., New York, 1872-74). He preferred to describe his own system of thought as an ideal realism, which refused to reduce reality to thought, but asserted a parallelism between the forms of existence and the forms of knowledge. He also wrote: System der Logik, 1857.
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'''Vasquez, Gabriel'''. Spanish theologian, b. at Villaescusa de Haro, near Belmonte, Cuenca, 1549 or 1551; d. at Alcalá, Sept. 23, 1604. Studied first at Belmonte, then went to Alcalá for philosophy, where he entered the Soc. of Jesus, 1569. After his noviciate, continued theological studies there. After lecturing in Toledo, returned to Alcalá to study Hebrew. Later taught moral theology for two years at college of Ocana, two more at Madrid, and for some time at Alcalá. From there, though not yet thirty, he was called to Rome, to fill similar post at the Roman College. After six years, he returned to Alcalá where he taught theology until his death. Pope Benedict XIV called him the luminary of theology, and he was consulted by many high officials on account of {{Page aside|458}}his profound studies. One of the chief works from his pen is: *De cultu adorationis libri tres, etc., Alcalá, 1594, and Mainz, 1601, 1604.
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'''Ventura di Raulica, Cardinal Gioacchino (1792-1861)'''. Vide Vol. VII, p. 400, for biographical and other data.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Webster's Complete Dictionary, 1880.'''
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Whitaker's Almanack'''. Containing an account of the astronomical and other phenomena .... information respecting the Government, etc., etc. (by Joseph Whitaker, F.S.A., 1820-95). An Annual publication started in 1869.
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'''Whitman, Sidney'''. *The Land of Cant. There is uncertainty as to this title. The only work listed for this author is Conventional Cant, its results and remedy. London: K. Paul, Trench & Co., 1887. xix, 235 pp.
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'''Wilson, Horace Hayman (1786-1860)'''. *Vishnu-Purana. Tr. by H. H. Wilson. Ed. by Fitzedward Hall. London: Trübner & Co., 1864, 65, 66, 68, 70. Works of the late H. H. Wilson.
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'''Wohler, Friedrich'''. German chemist, b. at Eschersheim, July 31, 1800; d. Sept. 23, 1882. Studied at the Univ, of Marburg and Heidelberg, 1820-21; took degree in surgery, 1823, but was persuaded by Gmelin to devote himself to chemistry. Studied in Berzelius’ laboratory, Stockholm, 1825-31. Taught in Berlin and Cassel; appointed to the chair of chemistry in the medical faculty at Gottingen, 1836, holding also the office of inspectorgeneral of pharmacies in the kingdom of Hanover. Worked with Liebig in a number of important investigations. First obtained metallic aluminium, 1827, and beryllium, 1828; his great contribution to the development of chemistry was the synthesis of the natural product urea, 1828; most of his work, however, was in the field of inorganic chemistry. Wrote 276 separate memoirs, and collaborated with others in 43 more. Published his famous Grundriss der anorganischen Chemie (1831), which ran through numerous editions, and a sequel on organic chemistry in 1840. Was joint editor with Liebig of the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie.
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'''Xifré, Don José'''. Spanish nobleman and devoted Theosophist, b. in 1846 in an aristocratic Spanish family of great wealth in the North of Spain. Information about his early life is somewhat uncertain. Educated partly in France, and later at Oxford where he was on close friendly terms with the Prince who was to become later King Alfonso XII. It has been reported that the latter acknowledged José Xifré on his death-bed as the only disinterested friend he ever had.
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[[File:Hpb_cw_09_458_1.jpg|center|x400px]]
<center>'''DON JOSE XIFRE'''</center>
<center>(1846-1920)</center>
<center>Reproduced from The Theosophist, Vol. XXXII, September, 1911.</center>
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{{Page aside|459}}
Spent much time in youth reading German philosophers. Married Maria Chacon y Silva, Marchioness of Isasi, Countess of Campo Alegre, of the noble House of Santa Cruz, and had two daughters by this marriage who later were ladies-in-waiting to the Queen of Spain. The marriage was an unhappy one, but as Spain recognized no divorce there seemed to be no solution to the problem.
It has been stated that, when Queen Isabella II lost her throne, and was exiled to Paris, José Xifré loaned her a considerable fortune. He was closely identified with the Court during the relatively brief reign of Alfonso XII; after the latter died of consumption in 1885, Xifré retired completely from palace life.
It is not definitely known when he made his first contact with Theosophy, but it must have been towards the middle eighties. After joining the T. S., he became at once very active in the Movement, in spite of the opposition of the Church. Soon after his admission to membership in the T. S., he met H. P. B., on a business trip to London, and became one of her favourite students. He said that she twice saved his life. Once he had been visiting London to see her, and came one day to take leave. H. P. B. said: “You are not going to leave today.” Xifré replied he had to leave that evening for the continent. “No, you shall not go,” said H. P. B. “But, I must go, it is absolutely necessary for me to go, I cannot put off my departure,” said Xifré. “You shall not go, you must stay over the night in London,” said H.P.B. Xifré obeyed this command. Next day she showed him the daily paper; he found in it a detailed account of a fearful smash up of the mail train by which he would have travelled had he left England by the boat he had intended to take.
The Theosophical work produced by Xifré, Francisco Montoliu, José Melian, Manuel Trevino and others, within a relatively brief period of a few years, was enormous and stands as a witness to what can be accomplished by dedicated students. By the end of 1889 (see Lucifer, Vol. V, Dec., 1889, pp. 343-44) Spanish translations of Isis Unveiled, Esoteric Buddhism, Light on the Path, The Buddhist Catechism and The Key to Theosophy had already been completed awaiting publication. A pamphlet entitled Que es la Teosojia was being distributed to the Universities, Libraries and Clubs throughout Spain. At a later date various articles, translated from the English and French, and published in pamphlet form, were similarly distributed. At the beginning of 1891, a number of lectures were delivered, some of them before learned institutions, arousing sympathetic response. Throughout 1890 and 1891, The Voice of the Silence and some of Mabel Collins’ books were translated. A series of fortnightly pamphlets called Estudios Teosoficos was inaugurated; this plan included a scheme for supplying readers with mimeographed translations of portions of The Secret Doctrine.
{{Page aside|460}}
The first Spanish Group of the T. S. was started in 1889. After the death of Montoliu, Branches were formed in Barcelona and Madrid. In May, 1893, a journal was started at Madrid entitled Sophia; within a very short time it became one of the most outstanding as well as good looking Theosophical periodicals on the continent, with most valuable contents, both original and translations. Its complete files are now very difficult to obtain.
It was only to be expected that the organized opposition of the Church, and the persecution of the Jesuits, would make themselves felt sooner or later. Their efforts were directed primarily at ruining financially José Xifré who had financed out of his own great wealth the various theosophical ventures which had been started, maintaining a printing establishment of his own, and distributing free of charge great quantities of theosophical literature. Gradually the fortune of José Xifré began to diminish and various circumstances arose which contributed to his ultimate financial ruin. The attacks of the Jesuits became especially virulent after 1909, when Dr. Annie Besant had appointed José Xifré Presidential Agent for the T. S. in Spain.
Eventually, Xifré left Spain and lived mostly in Paris, and later in Switzerland. About 1917 he became very ill with angina pectoris, and further financial reverses forced him to sell the last thing he had—a chalet at St. Moritz. A French Theosophist bought it, and instead of paying for it in cash, made arrangements to supply Xifré with a small income for life. He then went back to Paris, where he died Sept. 27, 1920, climbing up the staircase to his small room in the Hotel de la Paix. His funeral was arranged by The Theosophical Society in Paris.
Perhaps the greatest and most lasting result of José Xifré’s indefatigable work, in close collaboration with a few trusted friends and co-workers, was the publication of a superb Spanish translation of The Secret Doctrine, the first volume of which appeared in 1895 (Madrid: Establecimiento Tipolitográfico de Julián Falacias, 27, Calle de Arsenal), and the second one in 1898. It has been stated by Col. Olcott (The Theos., XVII, Feb., 1896, p. 313) that the chief translator was José Xifré himself, “upon whom the heaviest share of the labour fell,” and who supplied the large sum of money necessary to bring out the first volume, in fine topography, on excellent paper, and in a rich binding. The translation is in pure classical Spanish. The other translators were José Melian and Manuel Trevino.
José Xifré was a man of wide education, a good linguist who spoke French and Italian fluently and had a working knowledge of German and English; he was kind-hearted and amiable, affectionate, loyal to the core, chivalrous, with keen sense of right and wrong, unflinchingly true to his high principles, courteous as a {{Page aside|461}}knight, and utterly dedicated to the Cause of the Theosophical Movement. He inspired many other students to do their utmost for the work they loved, and spread the teachings of the Ancient Wisdom by word of mouth and pen (using at times the word “ Vina ” as a pseudonym) whenever opportunity arose to do so. No matter how trying may be the conditions in present-day Spain in regard to all mystical and genuinely theosophical work, the seeds sown by José Xifré and his co-workers around the turn of the 20th century are bound to produce in due course a rich and wide-spread karmic harvest, when the time is ripe for causes engendered to bring about their inevitable results. Then the name of José Xifré may be far better known than it is at present.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Zohar'''. Succinct information concerning it may be found in Vol. VII, pp. 269-71, of the present Series.
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{{Style P-Subtitle|SERIALS, PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS QUOTED OR REFERRED TO}}
Agnostic Annal and Ethical Review. London, 1884-1907.
I’Aurore. Revue mensuelle sous la direction de Lady Caithness.. Paris. 1887.
Bat, The. London, 1885-1888.
Daily Telegraph. London paper.
Gaulois. Paris, Versailles, 1871, etc.
Lotus, Le. Revue de Hautes Études Théosophiques...Sous
l’inspiration de H. P. Blavatsky. Directeur-Gérant, F. K. Gabo- riau. Three volumes in all: March, 1887-March, 1889.
Lucifer. Edited by H. P. Blavatsky, and Mabel Collins. London Sept., 1887- Aug., 1897. Vols. I-XX. Later edited by Annie Besant and G.R.S. Mead. Superseded by The Theosophical Review.
Month, The. London, 1864, etc. Catholic periodical.
Novoye Vremya (New Time). St. Petersburg, Russia. Principal political paper of Russia, founded 1868 by Kirkor and Yumatov. Taken over by A. S. Suvorin in 1876. Liberal. Ceased publication soon after the Revolution.
Pall Mall Gazette, The. Evening newspaper and review. London, 1873, etc.
Paris. Paris evening paper.
Path, The. Edited and published by Wm. Q. Judge in New York. Vols. I-X, April, 1886-March, 1896. Superseded by Theosophy.
{{Page aside|462}}
Revue des Deux-Mondes. Paris; founded in 1831. In progress.
Rock, The. London, 1868-1905.
Roman Catholic Weekly Register.
Sarasavisandaresa. Organ of the Ceylon Buddhists.
Scotsman, The.
Tablet. Roman Catholic organ. London, 1840, etc.
Theosophist, The. Founded by H. P. Blavatsky and Col. H. S. Olcott, Bombay, October, 1879. In progress.
Times, The. London paper.
World, The. London paper.


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