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'''Astruc, Élie Aristide'''. French Rabbi, born at Bordeaux, 1831; d. at Bayonne, 1905. Chief Rabbi of Belgium, 1866-79, and of Bayonne, 1887-91. Co-founder of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. Translated into French verse the most important poems of the Sephardic {{Page aside|724}}ritual in Oleloth Eliyahu, 1865, and wrote a work on the origin and causes of anti-Semitism; he also prepared a critical survey of the Jewish religion which offended the Orthodox.
'''Astruc, Élie Aristide'''. French Rabbi, born at Bordeaux, 1831; d. at Bayonne, 1905. Chief Rabbi of Belgium, 1866-79, and of Bayonne, 1887-91. Co-founder of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. Translated into French verse the most important poems of the Sephardic {{Page aside|724}}ritual in Oleloth Eliyahu, 1865, and wrote a work on the origin and causes of anti-Semitism; he also prepared a critical survey of the Jewish religion which offended the Orthodox.
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'''Aurelianus, Caelius'''. Celebrated Latin physician of either the first century a.d. or of a century later. Generally supposed to have been a native of Numidia. Was a professed and zealous member of the sect of the Methodici. His description of the phenomena of disease is most accurate, and his judgment on various medical points is sound. His writings are less theoretical and more practical than those of any other author of antiquity, and consist of works: On. acute Diseases; and On Chronic Diseases.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Bahurûpa-Brâhmana'''. Untraced.
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'''Bailly, Jean-Sylvain (1736-1793)'''. French astronomer, orator and politician. As a scientist, he was very much of a genius. While his father showed no particular interest in him, his mother devoted herself to his early education at home. Being a very precocious child, he soon acquired wide literary knowledge, and at sixteen became a collaborator and trainee of the famous astronomer, Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762). He calculated an orbit for the comet of 1759 (Halley’s), reduced Lacaille’s observations of 515 zodiacal stars, observed with his teacher the transit of Venus in 1761, and in 1763 was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He performed most careful observations of Jupiter’s satellites and of Saturn’s rings, and found time to prepare several large works on astronomical research and the history of that science. Among them, are to be especially noted: Histoire de 1’astronomie ancienne depuis son origine jusqu’à l’établissement de TÉcole d’Alexandrie (Paris: Debure, 1775; 2nd ed., 1781, xxiv, 527 pp.); Lettres sur l’Atlantide de Platon et sur T ancienne histoire de F Asie (Paris: Debure; and London: M. Elmsly, 1779, 480 pp., maps), which were addressed to Voltaire; Histoire de F astronomie moderne, depuis la fondation de l’école d’Alexandrie, jusqu’à l’époque 1730 (Paris, 1779-82, three vols. 4to; also 1785); Traité de Fastronomie Indienne et Orientale (Paris: Debure, 1787, clxxx, 417 pp. Index). These works show extensive knowledge of the ancient world, including Hindu astronomy which in his day was practically unknown. It is obvious that H.P.B. had a very high regard for Bailly and considered him a man of very keen intuition.
Bailly also engaged in presenting a Report on Animal Magnetism and the work of Mesmer, but for some strange reason disagreed with the latter and did not accept the validity of his research. His
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[[File:Hpb_cw_12_724_1.jpg|center|x400px]]
<center>'''JEAN-SYLVAIN BAILLY'''</center>
<center>1736-1793</center>
<center>Reproduced from L.A. Thiers, History of the French Revolution, 1854, Volume III.</center>
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{{Style P-No indent|scientific and literary labors were crowned by his being elected a member of both the French Academy and the Académie des Inscriptions.}}
Unfortunately for Bailly, he also engaged in political affairs. Elected deputy from Paris to the states-general, he was chosen president of the Third Estate (1789), and acted as Mayor of Paris (1789-91). The dispersal by the National Guard, under his orders, of the riotous assembly in the Champ de Mars (July 17, 1791), made him obnoxious to the populace. He then retired to Nantes, where he wrote his Mémoires d’un témoin (published 1821-22). After a while, Bailly quitted Nantes to join his friend Pierre Simon de Laplace at Melun. He was recognized, arrested and brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal at Paris. On November 12, 1793, he was guillotined.
This sad dénouement serves as another proof of both the unyielding, ferocious, and inhuman psychology of radical parties, and the unwisdom on the part of scholarly individuals to engage in the fanaticism of politics.
A curious fact may be recorded here: When Napoleon seized power on November 9, 1799, he appointed de Laplace with the portfolio of the Interior. The evening of his appointment, the new minister demanded a pension of 2,000 francs for the widow of Bailly. Early the very next morning, Madame de Laplace herself brought the first half-year’s income to “this victim of the passions of the epoch.”
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{{Footnotes}}
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