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{{Page aside|465}}
{{Page aside|465}}
'''GUIDO OF AREZZO'''. Italian musician who lived in the 11th century,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Guido of Arezzo}}'''. Italian musician who lived in the 11th century,
also known as Guido Aretinus, Fra Guittone, and Guy of Arezzo.
also known as Guido Aretinus, Fra Guittone, and Guy of Arezzo.
Has been called the father of modern music. Of his life very little
Has been called the father of modern music. Of his life very little
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as to the importance of his musical reforms and innovations. There
as to the importance of his musical reforms and innovations. There
is little doubt that the names of the first six notes of the scale,
is little doubt that the names of the first six notes of the scale,
ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, still in use in France and Italy, were introduced
''ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la'', still in use in France and Italy, were introduced
by him. They were derived from the first syllables of six
by him. They were derived from the first syllables of six
lines of a hymn to St. John the Baptist. One of his most important
lines of a hymn to St. John the Baptist. One of his most important
treatises is the Micrologus Guidonos de disciplina artis musicae.
treatises is the ''Micrologus Guidonos de disciplina artis musicae''.
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'''GUILLEMAIN DE SAINT-VICTOR, LOUIS'''. *Handbook of the Women Freemasons or the True Freemasonry of Adoption.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Guillemain de Saint-Victor, Louis}}''', *''Handbook of the Women Freemasons or the True Freemasonry of Adoption''.
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'''HALLEY, EDMUND'''. English astronomer, b. in London, Oct. 29, 1656;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Halley, Edmund}}'''. English astronomer, b. in London, Oct. 29, 1656;
d. Jan. 14, 1742. Educated at Queen’s College, Oxford. Studied
d. Jan. 14, 1742. Educated at Queen’s College, Oxford. Studied
astronomy in his school days, publishing, 1676, a paper on planetary
astronomy in his school days, publishing, 1676, a paper on planetary
orbits. Went to St. Helena to make observations in the Southern
orbits. Went to St. Helena to make observations in the Southern
hemisphere. Upon returning to England, began a friendship with
hemisphere. Upon returning to England, began a friendship with
Newton, which resulted in the publication of the Principia, the expense
Newton, which resulted in the publication of the ''Principia'', the expense
being borne by Halley. Observed the comet of 1682, calculated
being borne by Halley. Observed the comet of 1682, calculated
its orbit, and predicted its return in 1757. Succeeded Flam
its orbit, and predicted its return in 1757. Succeeded Flam
stead as astronomer-royal, 1720. Made innumerable contributions to
stead as astronomer-royal, 1720. Made innumerable contributions to
the science of astronomy. Principal works: Catalogus stellarum
the science of astronomy. Principal works: ''Catalogus stellarum australium, London'', 1679.-''Synopsis astronomiae cometicae'', Oxford, 1705.-''Astronomical Tables'', London. 1752.-Translated the work of Apollonius from the Arabic which he learned with this end in view.
australium, London, 1679.-Synopsis astronomiae cometicae, Oxford,
1705.-Astronomical Tables, London. 1752.-Translated the work of
Apollonius from the Arabic which he learned with this end in view.
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'''HAMMOND, WILLIAM ALEXANDER H'''. American physician, b. at Annapolis, Aug. 28, 1828; d. at Washington, Jan. 5, 1900. Son of a physician; studied at Harrisburg and graduated in medicine at New York Univ., 1848; Practiced at Philadelphia Hospital; then was Ass. Surgeon of the Army; 1859, Prof. of physiology and anatomy at Baltimore Univ.; 1860 went back to the Army, serving in Gen. Patterson’s Hdqrts.; 1862, became Brig.-General and Surgeon-Gen. of the Army. Founded the Army Medical Museum. {{Page aside|466}}Resigned in 1864, went to New York and became Prof. of Psychiatry and nervous diseases at College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1874, held chair in these subjects at the Medical Faculty in New York. Chief works: The Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.-On Sleep and Its Derangements, Philadelphia, 1869.Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism, Philad., 1870.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hammond, William Alexander H}}'''. American physician, b. at Annapolis, Aug. 28, 1828; d. at Washington, Jan. 5, 1900. Son of a physician; studied at Harrisburg and graduated in medicine at New York Univ., 1848; Practiced at Philadelphia Hospital; then was Ass. Surgeon of the Army; 1859, Prof. of physiology and anatomy at Baltimore Univ.; 1860 went back to the Army, serving in Gen. Patterson’s Hdqrts.; 1862, became Brig.-General and Surgeon-Gen. of the Army. Founded the Army Medical Museum. {{Page aside|466}}Resigned in 1864, went to New York and became Prof. of Psychiatry and nervous diseases at College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1874, held chair in these subjects at the Medical Faculty in New York. Chief works: ''The Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.-On Sleep and Its Derangements'', Philadelphia, 1869.–''Physics and Physiology of Spiritualism'', Philad., 1870.
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'''HARDINGE-BRITTEN, MRS. EMMA (?-1899)'''. An English woman who
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hardinge-Britten, Mrs. Emma (?-1899)}}'''. An English woman who
in her youth had gone to New York with a theatrical company,
in her youth had gone to New York with a theatrical company,
and had remained there with her mother. Being strictly Evangelical,
and had remained there with her mother. Being strictly Evangelical,
she was strongly repelled by what she considered the unorthodox
she was strongly repelled by what she considered the unorthodox
views of the Spiritualists, and fled in horror from her first seance.
views of the Spiritualists, and fled in horror from her first ''seance''.
In 1856, she was again brought into contact with the subject, and
In 1856, she was again brought into contact with the subject, and
received proof which made it impossible for her to doubt any
received proof which made it impossible for her to doubt any
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One of the best attested cases in the early history of Spiritualism
One of the best attested cases in the early history of Spiritualism
was that in -which she received intimation that the mail steamer
was that in -which she received intimation that the mail steamer
Pacific had gone down in mid-Atlantic with all aboard; she was
''Pacific'' had gone down in mid-Atlantic with all aboard; she was
threatened with prosecution by the owners of the ship for repeating
threatened with prosecution by the owners of the ship for repeating
what had been told her by an alleged returned spirit of one of
what had been told her by an alleged returned spirit of one of
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a prominent orator, writer and traveller in the cause of Spiritualism.
a prominent orator, writer and traveller in the cause of Spiritualism.
She returned to England in 1866, where she wrote her work:
She returned to England in 1866, where she wrote her work:
Modern American Spiritualism (New York, 1870). Mrs. Emma
''Modern American Spiritualism'' (New York, 1870). Mrs. Emma
Hardinge married a second time in 1870 and became Mrs. Britten.
Hardinge married a second time in 1870 and became Mrs. Britten.
Dr. W. Britten was also a Spiritualist. For many years, Mrs.
Dr. W. Britten was also a Spiritualist. For many years, Mrs.
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that movement. In 1878, she and her husband went together to New
that movement. In 1878, she and her husband went together to New
Zealand as missionaries of the cause, and stayed there several
Zealand as missionaries of the cause, and stayed there several
years. During this period, Mrs. Britten wrote her Faiths, Facts and
years. During this period, Mrs. Britten wrote her ''Faiths, Facts and
Frauds of Religious History.
Frauds of Religious History''.


One of the most important contributions of Mrs. Britten to
One of the most important contributions of Mrs. Britten to
the history of modern Spiritualism is her large work entitled
the history of modern Spiritualism is her large work entitled
Nineteenth Century Miracles (Manchester, 1883) which is copiously
''Nineteenth Century Miracles'' (Manchester, 1883) which is copiously
documented and illustrated with rare portraits. It is in this work
documented and illustrated with rare portraits. It is in this work
(pp. 296 and 441) that occurs an account of the formation of The
(pp. 296 and 441) that occurs an account of the formation of The
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the very first.
the very first.


In 1876, while still working in America, Mrs. Britten published {{Page aside|467}}in New York a work called *Art Magic; or, Mundane, Sub-Mundane
In 1876, while still working in America, Mrs. Britten published {{Page aside|467}}in New York a work called *''Art Magic; or, Mundane, Sub-Mundane and Super-Mundane Spiritism''. She affirmed that this
and Super-Mundane Spiritism. She affirmed that this
work had been written by an Adept of her acquaintance whom she
work had been written by an Adept of her acquaintance whom she
had first met in Europe, and for whom she was but acting as
had first met in Europe, and for whom she was but acting as
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Louis. This work, whatever may have been its actual origin, deals
Louis. This work, whatever may have been its actual origin, deals
with some of the subjects outlined later at far greater length
with some of the subjects outlined later at far greater length
in Isis Unveiled, but contains also a great many errors and curious
in ''Isis Unveiled'', but contains also a great many errors and curious
misstatements. We refer the student to the fascinating and important
misstatements. We refer the student to the fascinating and important
chapter XII of Col. H. S. Olcott's Old Diary Leaves, Vol. I, wherein
chapter XII of Col. H. S. Olcott's ''Old Diary Leaves'', Vol. I, wherein
the author gives the full background concerning this strange work.
the author gives the full background concerning this strange work.
This account is well worth a careful perusal.
This account is well worth a careful perusal.


Mrs. Britten published also Ghost Land; or Researches into the
Mrs. Britten published also ''Ghost Land; or Researches into the
Mysteries of Occultism (Boston, 1876) and founded the magazine
Mysteries of Occultism'' (Boston, 1876) and founded the magazine
The Two Worlds at Manchester, England. She left an indelible
''The Two Worlds'' at Manchester, England. She left an indelible
mark upon modern Spiritualism.
mark upon modern Spiritualism.


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she had some contact with its leaders until 1890. Her reputation
she had some contact with its leaders until 1890. Her reputation
was somewhat clouded, however, when she joined Prof. Coues
was somewhat clouded, however, when she joined Prof. Coues
and others in spreading the calumny that Isis Unveiled had been
and others in spreading the calumny that ''Isis Unveiled'' had been
written by Baron de Palm. Unfortunate and needless as such circumstances
written by Baron de Palm. Unfortunate and needless as such circumstances
are, and however much they may be regretted, they
are, and however much they may be regretted, they
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'''HARE, ROBERT'''. American chemist, b. at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hare, Robert}}'''. American chemist, b. at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1781;
d. May 15, 1858. His father, also Robert, served in the Pennsylvania
d. May 15, 1858. His father, also Robert, served in the Pennsylvania
legislature and was trustee of Pennsylvania University. Robert was
legislature and was trustee of Pennsylvania University. Robert was
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the calorimeter and the deflagrator for generating a high electric
the calorimeter and the deflagrator for generating a high electric
current; we owe to him also the use of the mercury cathode in
current; we owe to him also the use of the mercury cathode in
electrolysis, and new methods for the analysis and synthesis of gases. {{Page aside|468}}Hare was a vigorous contributor to the American. Journal, of Science.
electrolysis, and new methods for the analysis and synthesis of gases. {{Page aside|468}}Hare was a vigorous contributor to the ''American Journal, of Science''. On his retirement in 1847, he gave his collection of apparatus to
On his retirement in 1847, he gave his collection of apparatus to
the Smithsonian Institution and was elected honorary member of
the Smithsonian Institution and was elected honorary member of
that body. Apart from his various scientific papers and pamphlets,
that body. Apart from his various scientific papers and pamphlets,
he published under the pen-name of “Eldred Grayson” a novel,
he published under the pen-name of “Eldred Grayson” a novel,
Standish the Puritan. (1850). Hare was one of the first eminent
''Standish the Puritan''. (1850). Hare was one of the first eminent
men of science who, setting out to expose the delusions of Spiritualism,
men of science who, setting out to expose the delusions of Spiritualism,
became firm believers instead. This happened in 1853. Being
became firm believers instead. This happened in 1853. Being
a strong sceptic himself, he experimented for himself, and like
a strong sceptic himself, he experimented for himself, and like
William Crookes at a later date, devised apparatus to use with
William Crookes at a later date, devised apparatus to use with
the mediums. He embodied his research in his work, Experimental
the mediums. He embodied his research in his work, ''Experimental Investigation of the Spirit Manifestations'', etc. (New York: Partridge
Investigation of the Spirit Manifestations, etc. (New York: Partridge
& Brittan, 1855, 460 pp., 2 portraits). This report led to a
& Brittan, 1855, 460 pp., 2 portraits). This report led to a
disgraceful persecution of one who was, with the exception of
disgraceful persecution of one who was, with the exception of
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research was unworthy of their attention.
research was unworthy of their attention.


Sources: E. F. Smith, The Life of Robert Hare (1917), and
Sources: E. F. Smith, ''The Life of Robert Hare'' (1917), and
Chemistry in America (1910); Henry Simpson, The Lives of
''Chemistry in America'' (1910); Henry Simpson, ''The Lives of
Eminent Philadelphians (1859).
Eminent Philadelphians'' (1859).
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'''HAUG, DR. CARL FRIEDRICH'''. *Die Allgemeine Geschichte, Stuttgart, 1841.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Haug, Dr. Carl Friedrich}}'''. *''Die Allgemeine Geschichte, Stuttgart'', 1841.
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'''HAUG, MARTIN'''. German Orientalist, b. at Ostdorf, Wurttemberg; d.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Haug, Martin}}'''. German Orientalist, b. at Ostdorf, Wurttemberg; d.
at Munich, June 3, 1876. Studied Oriental languages, especially
at Munich, June 3, 1876. Studied Oriental languages, especially
Sanskrit, at Tubingen and Gottingen, and in 1854 settled as privatdozent
Sanskrit, at Tubingen and Gottingen, and in 1854 settled as ''privatdozent''
at Bonn. Removed to Heidelberg, 1856, where he assisted
at Bonn. Removed to Heidelberg, 1856, where he assisted
Bunsen in his literary work. Went out to India in 1859, where he
Bunsen in his literary work. Went out to India in 1859, where he
became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit
became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit
at Poona. The result of his researches into Zend literature was a
at Poona. The result of his researches into Zend literature was a
volume of Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion
volume of ''Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion of the Parsees'', Bombay, 1862. Having returned to Stuttgart in 1866, he was called to Munich as professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology in 1868. Haug also edited, translated and explained *''The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda'', Bombay, 1863, 2 vols.
of the Parsees, Bombay, 1862. Having returned to Stuttgart in
1866, he was called to Munich as professor of Sanskrit and comparative
philology in 1868. Haug also edited, translated and explained *The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda, Bombay, 1863, 2 vols.
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'''HIGGINS, GODFREY (1773-1833)'''. *Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Higgins, Godfrey (1773-1833)}}'''. *''Anacalypsis, an Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis'', etc. 2 vols. London: Longman, etc., 1836. Very scarce.
Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, etc. 2 vols. London: Longman, etc., 1836. Very scarce.
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{{Page aside|469}}
{{Page aside|469}}
'''HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS'''. Scottish Spiritualistic medium, b. near Edinburgh,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Home, Daniel Dunglas}}'''. Scottish Spiritualistic medium, b. near Edinburgh,
March 20, 1833. When nine years old, was taken by aunt
March 20, 1833. When nine years old, was taken by aunt
to the USA. Became converted to Spiritualism in 1850, and for
to the USA. Became converted to Spiritualism in 1850, and for
the next five years gave seances in New York and elsewhere; sent
the next five years gave ''seances'' in New York and elsewhere; sent
to Europe, 1855, by friends who provided the means for it; his
to Europe, 1855, by friends who provided the means for it; his
seances in Europe aroused very considerable interest and were
''seances'' in Europe aroused very considerable interest and were
attended by a great many notables. Home subsisted until 1858 on
attended by a great many notables. Home subsisted until 1858 on
the bounty of his friends. In August, 1858, he married Alexandrine
the bounty of his friends. In August, 1858, he married Alexandrine
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of manifestation, and was never detected in any fraud. His phenomena
of manifestation, and was never detected in any fraud. His phenomena
are the best attested in the history of Spiritualism. His
are the best attested in the history of Spiritualism. His
two works are: *Incidents in My Life. Series 1, 2. London: Longman,
two works are: *''Incidents in My Life''. Series 1, 2. London: Longman,
Green, 1863-72. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Ser. 1. London, 1864. 8vo.;
Green, 1863-72. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Ser. 1. London, 1864. 8vo.;
5th ed., with Introd. by Judge Edmonds. Ser. 1. New York, 1864.
5th ed., with Introd. by Judge Edmonds. Ser. 1. New York, 1864.
8vo.-Light and Shadows of Spiritualism. London, and New York:
8vo.-''Light and Shadows of Spiritualism''. London, and New York:
G. W. Carleton & Co., 1877. 483 pp. (pp. 301-28 concern H. S.
G. W. Carleton & Co., 1877. 483 pp. (pp. 301-28 concern H. S.
Olcott); 2nd ed. London, 1878.
Olcott); 2nd ed. London, 1878.


In spite of some statements to the contrary, H.P.B. did not
In spite of some statements to the contrary, H.P.B. did not
know Home personally and never met him. Cf. Collected Writings,
know Home personally and never met him. Cf. ''Collected Writings'',
Vol. VI, pp. 73 and 289-90; also The Mahatma Letters to H. P.
Vol. VI, pp. 73 and 289-90; also ''The Mahatma Letters to H. P.
Sinnett, p. 37, where it says that “...Home-the medium...
Sinnett'', p. 37, where it says that “...Home-the medium...
He is the bitterest and most cruel enemy O. and Mad. B. have,
He is the bitterest and most cruel enemy O. and Mad. B. have,
though he has never met either of them...”
though he has never met either of them...”


For further information about Home, consult the following works:
For further information about Home, consult the following works:
Madame D. Home. D. D. Home. His Life and Mission. London :
Madame D. Home. ''D. D. Home. His Life and Mission''. London :
Trubner & Co., 1888. 8vo. viii, 428. Also Dutton & Co., l 921.The
Trubner & Co., 1888. 8vo. viii, 428. Also Dutton & Co., l 921.–''The Gift of D. D. Home'', by the same author. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1890. 8 vo. viii, 388.-Horace Wyndham, ''Mr. Sludge, The Medium''. London, 1937. xii, 307.-Jean Burton, ''Heyday of a Wizard''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944.
Gift of D. D. Home, by the same author. London: Kegan
Paul & Co., 1890. 8 vo. viii, 388.-Horace Wyndham, Mr. Sludge,
The Medium. London, 1937. xii, 307.-Jean Burton, Heyday of a
Wizard. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944.
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'''HOOKE, ROBERT'''. English experimental physicist, b. at Freshwater,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hooke, Robert}}'''. English experimental physicist, b. at Freshwater,
Isle of Wight, July 18, 1635; d. in London, Mch. 3, 1703. After
Isle of Wight, July 18, 1635; d. in London, Mch. 3, 1703. After
1655, was employed and patronized by the Hon. Robert Boyle. {{Page aside|470}}Appointed, 1662, curator of experiments to the Royal Society, of
1655, was employed and patronized by the Hon. Robert Boyle. {{Page aside|470}}Appointed, 1662, curator of experiments to the Royal Society, of
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of geometry in Gresham college. Secretary to the Royal Society,
of geometry in Gresham college. Secretary to the Royal Society,
1677-83, and published in 1681-82 the papers read before that body
1677-83, and published in 1681-82 the papers read before that body
under the title of Philosophical Collections. His optical investigations led him to adopt the undulatory theory of light; he was the
under the title of ''Philosophical Collections''. His optical investigations led him to adopt the undulatory theory of light; he was the
first to state clearly that the motions of the heavenly bodies must
first to state clearly that the motions of the heavenly bodies must
be regarded as a mechanical problem; and he approached the discovery
be regarded as a mechanical problem; and he approached the discovery
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'''HORROCKS, JEREMIAH'''. English astronomer, b. in 1619 at Toxteth Park,
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Horrocks, Jeremiah}}'''. English astronomer, b. in 1619 at Toxteth Park,
near Liverpool. Student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1832-35;
near Liverpool. Student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1832-35;
then tutor at Toxteth, studying astronomy in his spare time. He
then tutor at Toxteth, studying astronomy in his spare time. He
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'''HURRYCHUND CHINTAMON'''. *Commentary on the Bhagavad-Gita.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hurrychund Chintamon}}'''. *''Commentary on the Bhagavad-Gita''.
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'''HYSLOP, JAMES HENRY'''. American educator, b. at Xenis, O., August
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Hyslop, James Henri}}'''. American educator, b. at Xenis, O., August 18, 1854, d. June 17, 1920. Son of Robert Hyslop; graduated at the Univ. of Wooster, O., 1877; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1887; married, Oct. 1, 1891, Mary Fry Hall, Philadelphia, Penn.; taught in the University of Lake Forest, Ill.; Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; Bucknell Univ., Lewisburgh, Penna.; and Columbia Univ., where he was Prof. of Logic and Ethics. Works: ''Elements of Logic'', 1892.-''Ethics of Hume'', 1893.-''Elements of Ethics'', 1895.-''Syllabus of Psychology'', 1899.-Articles and Reviews in various magazines and the ''Proceedings'' of the Society for Psychical Research, and later, as his interest in psychic research developed: ''Science and a Future Life'', 1905.-''Enigmas of Psychic Research'',  
18, 1854, d. June 17, 1920. Son of Robert Hyslop; graduated at
1906.-''Psychic Research and the Resurrection'', 1908.-''Psychic Research and Survival'', 1913.-''Life after Death'', 1918.-''Contact with the Other World'', 1919.
the Univ. of Wooster, O., 1877; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1887;
married, Oct. 1, 1891, Mary Fry Hall, Philadelphia, Penn.; taught
in the University of Lake Forest, Ill.; Smith College, Northampton,
Mass.; Bucknell Univ., Lewisburgh, Penna.; and Columbia Univ.,
where he was Prof. of Logic and Ethics. Works: Elements of Logic,
1892.-Ethics of Hume, 1893.-Elements of Ethics, 1895.-Syllabus
of Psychology, 1899.-Articles and Reviews in various magazines
and the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, and later,
as his interest in psychic research developed: Science and a Future
Life, 1905.-Enigmas of Psychic Research, 1906.-Psychic Research
and the Resurrection, 1908.-Psychic Research and Survival,
1913.-Life after Death, 1918.-Contact with the Other World, 1919.


Hyslop was present at the meetings of September 8 and October
Hyslop was present at the meetings of September 8 and October
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{{Page aside|471}}
{{Page aside|471}}
'''INMAN, THOS'''., *Ancient and Pagan Christian Symbolism, etc. London, 1869; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1871.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Inman, Thos}}'''., *''Ancient and Pagan Christian Symbolism'', etc. London, 1869; 2nd ed., N.Y., 1871.
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'''IVINS, WILLIAM MILLS'''. Distinguished American lawyer, b. at Upper
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Ivins, William Mills}}'''. Distinguished American lawyer, b. at Upper
Freehold, N. J., April 22, 1851; d. in New York, July 23, 1915.
Freehold, N. J., April 22, 1851; d. in New York, July 23, 1915.
Son of Augustus and Sarah (Mills) Ivins. Graduated in 1869 from
Son of Augustus and Sarah (Mills) Ivins. Graduated in 1869 from
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her of the Brooklyn firm of Bergen & Ivins and during that period
her of the Brooklyn firm of Bergen & Ivins and during that period
represented H.P.B. in her lawsuit against Clementine Gerebko.
represented H.P.B. in her lawsuit against Clementine Gerebko.
(Vide pp. 83-84 of the present volume.)
(''Vide'' pp. 83-84 of the present volume.)


During 1885-88, Ivins was judge advocate general of New York
During 1885-88, Ivins was judge advocate general of New York
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given to Columbia University after his death, and wrote several
given to Columbia University after his death, and wrote several
works on legal matters. He was married to Emma Laura Yard; they
works on legal matters. He was married to Emma Laura Yard; they
had five children. (Vide pp. 95-100 of the present volume for further
had five children. (''Vide'' pp. 95-100 of the present volume for further
information on Ivins and the “Hiraf” Club.)
information on Ivins and the “Hiraf” Club.)
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'''JACOLLIOT, Louis (1837-1890)'''. *La Bible dans l’Inde. Vie de Jezeus
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jacolliot, Louis (1837-1890)}}'''. *''La Bible dans l’Inde''. Vie de Jezeus
Christna. Paris, 1869. 8vo. Translated as The Bible in India.
Christna. Paris, 1869. 8vo. Translated as ''The Bible in India''.
Hindoo origin of Hebrew and Christian Revelation. London, 1870.
Hindoo origin of Hebrew and Christian Revelation. London, 1870.
8vo.
8vo.
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'''JENNINGS, HARGRAVE (1817?-1890)'''. *The Rosicrucians, their Rites and
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jennings, Hargrave (1817?-1890)}}'''. *''The Rosicrucians, their Rites and Mysteries''. London, 1870. 8vo.; 2nd ed., rev., corr. and enl., London,
Mysteries. London, 1870. 8vo.; 2nd ed., rev., corr. and enl., London,
1879; 3rd ed., newly rev., 1887.
1879; 3rd ed., newly rev., 1887.
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'''JINARAJADASA, C. (1875-1953)'''. *Letters from the Masters of the
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Jinarajadasa, C. (1875-1953)}}''', *''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom''. 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First
Wisdom. 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First
Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical
Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical
Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd
Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd
ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and addit. Letters (covering period
ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and addit. Letters (covering period
1870-1900), 1948.-*Second Series. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, {{Page aside|472}}1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.-*Did
1870-1900), 1948.-*Second Series. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, {{Page aside|472}}1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs.-*''Did Madame Blavatsky Forge the Mahatma Letters?'' Adyar: Theos.
Madame Blavatsky Forge the Mahatma Letters? Adyar: Theos.
Publ. House, 1934. 52 pp. with 30 ill.
Publ. House, 1934. 52 pp. with 30 ill.
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'''JUDGE, WILLIAM QUAN'''. One of the chief Founders of The Theosophical
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Judge, William Quan}}'''. One of the chief Founders of The Theosophical
Society. The life of Mr. Judge is so indissolubly involved in the
Society. The life of Mr. Judge is so indissolubly involved in the
history and development of The Theosophical Society, that to
history and development of The Theosophical Society, that to
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he was then serving in the Law office of E. Delafield Smith, U.S.
he was then serving in the Law office of E. Delafield Smith, U.S.
Attorney for the Southern District of New York. After reading
Attorney for the Southern District of New York. After reading
Col. Olcott’s articles in the New York Daily Graphic (published
Col. Olcott’s articles in the New York ''Daily Graphic'' (published
in March, 1875, as a work entitled People from the Other World)
in March, 1875, as a work entitled ''People from the Other World'')
outlining his experiences at the Eddy Homestead at Chittenden, Vt.,
outlining his experiences at the Eddy Homestead at Chittenden, Vt.,
where some weird Spiritualistic seances were being held, he wrote
where some weird Spiritualistic seances were being held, he wrote
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Olcott wrote on a scrap of paper: “Would it not be a good thing
Olcott wrote on a scrap of paper: “Would it not be a good thing
to form a Society for this kind of study?”-and gave it to Judge.
to form a Society for this kind of study?”-and gave it to Judge.
H.P.B. read the note and nodded assent. (H. S. Olcott, Old Diary
H.P.B. read the note and nodded assent. (H. S. Olcott, ''Old Diary
Leaves, I, 118).
Leaves'', I, 118).


A new life now commenced for the young lawyer, and his association with H.P.B. and Col. Olcott brought him his greatest
A new life now commenced for the young lawyer, and his association with H.P.B. and Col. Olcott brought him his greatest
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We do not have any information as to whether W. Q. Judge
We do not have any information as to whether W. Q. Judge
participated at all in the preparation of Isis Unveiled, the writing
participated at all in the preparation of ''Isis Unveiled'', the writing
of which at the time demanded much of H.P.B.’s energy. His
of which at the time demanded much of H.P.B.’s energy. His
younger brother, however, John H. Judge, rendered valuable serv·
younger brother, however, John H. Judge, rendered valuable serv·
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task. John H. Judge visited the Point Loma Theosophical Headquarters
task. John H. Judge visited the Point Loma Theosophical Headquarters
in California on August 25, 1914, and related these facts
in California on August 25, 1914, and related these facts
to the body of students gathered to receive him.<ref>Cf. Raja-Yoga Messenger, Point Loma, Calif., Vol. X, No. 10, October, 1914, pp. 16-17.</ref>
to the body of students gathered to receive him.<ref>''Cf. Raja-Yoga Messenger'', Point Loma, Calif., Vol. X, No. 10, October, 1914, pp. 16-17.</ref>


Strangely enough, a short time before the actual publication of
Strangely enough, a short time before the actual publication of
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in either of the Minute Books or in ‘Old Diary Leaves’... When
in either of the Minute Books or in ‘Old Diary Leaves’... When
between us three were re-established, and continued down to the
between us three were re-established, and continued down to the
death of H.P.B.”<ref> Historical Retrospect, etc., p. 19.</ref>
death of H.P.B.”<ref>''Historical Retrospect'', etc., p. 19.</ref>


W. Q. Judge’s position as one of the three chief Founders of the
W. Q. Judge’s position as one of the three chief Founders of the
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critics-is amply substantiated by both Col. Olcott and H.P.B. In
critics-is amply substantiated by both Col. Olcott and H.P.B. In
the light of their emphatic statements to this effect, there can
the light of their emphatic statements to this effect, there can
be no doubt on the subject.<ref> Consult the following sources: Letter from H.P.B. to Judge,
be no doubt on the subject.<ref>Consult the following sources: Letter from H.P.B. to Judge,
Ostende, July 27, 1886; also one dated August 22, 1886; H.P.B.’s
Ostende, July 27, 1886; also one dated August 22, 1886; H.P.B.’s
Letter to the Second Convention of the American Section, T.S., April,
Letter to the Second Convention of the American Section, T.S., April,
1888; Report on above Convention, The Theosophist, IX, July, 1888,
1888; Report on above Convention, ''The Theosophist'', IX, July, 1888,
pp. 620-621; H.P.B.’s Letter to Richard Harte, dated London, Sept.
pp. 620-621; H.P.B.’s Letter to Richard Harte, dated London, Sept.
12, 1889; H.P.B.’s “Preliminary Explanation” to E. S. Instruction
12, 1889; H.P.B.’s “Preliminary Explanation” to ''E. S. Instruction No. III'', quoting Master’s own words; Richard Harte in ''The Theosophist'', XI, Suppl., to December, 1889, p. xlii; Statement published in
No. III, quoting Master’s own words; Richard Harte in The Theosophist,
''Lucifer'', VIII, June, 1891, pp. 319-20; The Theosophist, XII, July,
XI, Suppl., to December, 1889, p. xlii; Statement published in
1891, p. 634; Col. Olcott in ''The Theosophist'', XII, Sept., 1891,
Lucifer, VIII, June, 1891, pp. 319-20; The Theosophist, XII, July,
p. 707; Col. Olcott’s words in ''The Path'', VI, Nov., 1891, p. 260;
1891, p. 634; Col. Olcott in The Theosophist, XII, Sept., 1891,
Allan Griffiths in ''Lucifer'', IX, Nov., 1891, p. 259; Annie Besant in
p. 707; Col. Olcott’s words in The Path, VI, Nov., 1891, p. 260;
Allan Griffiths in Lucifer, IX, Nov., 1891, p. 259; Annie Besant in
her Circular Letter to the Blavatsky Lodge, March 11, 1892. All
her Circular Letter to the Blavatsky Lodge, March 11, 1892. All
the above-mentioned passages are quoted in Theosophia, Los Angeles,
the above-mentioned passages are quoted in ''Theosophia'', Los Angeles,
Calif., Vol. XVII, Spring, 1961.</ref>
Calif., Vol. XVII, Spring, 1961.</ref>


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of the Founders to India, Judge was left very much alone both
of the Founders to India, Judge was left very much alone both
by H.P.B. and the Masters. The golden days when Judge could
by H.P.B. and the Masters. The golden days when Judge could
visit the Lamasery, as H.P.B.’s apartment in New York was
visit the ''Lamasery'', as H.P.B.’s apartment in New York was
called, seemed gone for ever. Judge wrote rather despairingly to
called, seemed gone for ever. Judge wrote rather despairingly to
Olcott, complaining that he was being left out in the cold. This
Olcott, complaining that he was being left out in the cold. This
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made Judge his fervent admirer and life-long friend. In the series
made Judge his fervent admirer and life-long friend. In the series
entitled “A Hindu Chela's Diary,” Judge paraphrases Damodar’s
entitled “A Hindu Chela's Diary,” Judge paraphrases Damodar’s
mystical experiences, as described in his letters to him. <ref>Consult Sven Eek, Damodar and the Pioneers of The Theosophical Movement, Adyar, 1965, pp. 78-100.</ref>
mystical experiences, as described in his letters to him. <ref>Consult Sven Eek, ''Damodar and the Pioneers of The Theosophical Movement'', Adyar, 1965, pp. 78-100.</ref>


In a letter to Damodar dated June 11, 1883, Judge writes:
In a letter to Damodar dated June 11, 1883, Judge writes:
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turning-point in Judge’s career, that he undertook his long wished
turning-point in Judge’s career, that he undertook his long wished
for journey to India. He went via Paris where he arrived March
for journey to India. He went via Paris where he arrived March
25, 1884. <ref>The Word, XV, April, 1912, pp. 17-18.</ref> When H.P.B., Col. Olcott and party arrived in Paris,
25, 1884. <ref>''The Word'', XV, April, 1912, pp. 17-18.</ref> When H.P.B., Col. Olcott and party arrived in Paris,
March 28th, Judge was on hand to meet them.<ref>Olcott, Old Diary Leaves, III, 86.</ref> According to
March 28th, Judge was on hand to meet them.<ref>Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves'', III, 86.</ref> According to
some of his published letters,<ref>The Word, ibid.</ref> Judge was ordered by the Masters
some of his published letters,<ref>''The Word, ibid''.</ref> Judge was ordered by the Masters
to stay there and help H.P.B. in writing The Secret Doctrine, which
to stay there and help H.P.B. in writing ''The Secret Doctrine'', which
at that time was still envisioned as a new version of Isis Unveiled-a plan abandoned later. Judge worked for and with H.P.B.,
at that time was still envisioned as a new version of ''Isis Unveiled''–a plan abandoned later. Judge worked for and with H.P.B.,
both in Paris and at Enghien, where they stayed for a while in
both in Paris and at Enghien, where they stayed for a while in
May as guests of Count and Countess Gaston d’Adhemar. He also {{Page aside|476}}was in London for a few days during H.P.B:s hurried trip there
May as guests of Count and Countess Gaston d’Adhemar. He also {{Page aside|476}}was in London for a few days during H.P.B:s hurried trip there
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of a mystery, which we may never be able to unravel for lack of adequate documentation.
of a mystery, which we may never be able to unravel for lack of adequate documentation.


It was during Judge’s stay at Adyar that the Christian College
It was during Judge’s stay at Adyar that the ''Christian College Magazine'' of Madras published the article “The Collapse of Koot
Magazine of Madras published the article “The Collapse of Koot
Hoomi,” with fifteen forged letters purporting to have been written
Hoomi,” with fifteen forged letters purporting to have been written
by H.P.B. That period was one of grave anxiety and serious
by H.P.B. That period was one of grave anxiety and serious
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charged. We do not know exactly when Judge left Adyar on his
charged. We do not know exactly when Judge left Adyar on his
return trip to New York, but he does state himself that he was
return trip to New York, but he does state himself that he was
in London in November, 1884, on his way home via England.<ref>Judge’s pamphlet entitled Light on the Path and Mabel Collins.</ref> It was on November 1st, 1884, that H.P.B. and party left London
in London in November, 1884, on his way home via England.<ref>Judge’s pamphlet entitled ''Light on the Path and Mabel Collins''.</ref> It was on November 1st, 1884, that H.P.B. and party left London
and boarded the steamer at Liverpool, on their way to India
and boarded the steamer at Liverpool, on their way to India
via Alexandria and Port Said. Olcott, on the other hand, sailed
via Alexandria and Port Said. Olcott, on the other hand, sailed
from Marseilles for Bombay on October 20, arriving at his destination
from Marseilles for Bombay on October 20, arriving at his destination
November 10th.<ref>Olcott's original Diaries.</ref> From the above it follows that Judge left Adyar at about the time when both H.P.B. and Olcott were enroute to Adyar from Europe. Considering the routes used in those
November 10th.<ref>Olcott's original ''Diaries''.</ref> From the above it follows that Judge left Adyar at about the time when both H.P.B. and Olcott were enroute to Adyar from Europe. Considering the routes used in those
days, it is most likely that their steamers met each other somewhere
days, it is most likely that their steamers met each other somewhere
in the Mediterranean, but no information has ever come to light
in the Mediterranean, but no information has ever come to light
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Judge sailed for the U.S.A. from Liverpool, November 15, 1884,
Judge sailed for the U.S.A. from Liverpool, November 15, 1884,
on the British steamer SS Wisconsin, and reached New York
on the British steamer ''SS Wisconsin'', and reached New York
November 26th.<ref>Lloyd’s of London records.</ref> It was on that voyage that A. E. S. Smythe,
November 26th.<ref>Lloyd’s of London records.</ref> It was on that voyage that A. E. S. Smythe,
future President of the Canadian Theos. Society, met him for the
future President of the Canadian Theos. Society, met him for the
first time.<ref>Canadian Theosophist, XX, April, 1939, p. 35.</ref>
first time.<ref>''Canadian Theosophist'', XX, April, 1939, p. 35.</ref>


The fact, however, that Judge's visits to H.P.B. and to Adyar
The fact, however, that Judge's visits to H.P.B. and to Adyar
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to pick up the loose threads we had left scattered there in America
to pick up the loose threads we had left scattered there in America
and carry on. The result shows what one man can do who is
and carry on. The result shows what one man can do who is
altogether devoted to his cause.”<ref>Proceeding, First Annual Convention of the T.S. in Europe, London, July, 1891, p. 49.</ref>
altogether devoted to his cause.”<ref>''Proceeding'', First Annual Convention of the T.S. in Europe, London, July, 1891, p. 49.</ref>


In reviewing the situation in America, Judge realized that a
In reviewing the situation in America, Judge realized that a
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fertile in good practical ideas, and to his labours almost exclusively
fertile in good practical ideas, and to his labours almost exclusively
was due the rapid and extensive growth of our movement in the
was due the rapid and extensive growth of our movement in the
United States; the others, his colleagues, but carried out his plans.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, IV, 508.</ref>
United States; the others, his colleagues, but carried out his plans.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', IV, 508.</ref>


In April, 1886, Judge started his magazine The Path which was
In April, 1886, Judge started his magazine ''The Path'' which was
to become the backbone of Theosophical publicity in the U.S.A. As
to become the backbone of Theosophical publicity in the U.S.A. As
there were few qualified writers at the time in America, Judge
there were few qualified writers at the time in America, Judge
wrote a great many articles himself. He did so under a number of
wrote a great many articles himself. He did so under a number of
pseudonyms, such as An American Mystic, Eusebio Urban, Rodriguez
pseudonyms, such as ''An American Mystic, Eusebio Urban, Rodriguez Undiano, Hadji Erinn, William Brehon'' and others. His style was
Undiano, Hadji Erinn, William Brehon and others. His style was
simple and direct, and he dealt with a variety of theosophical and
simple and direct, and he dealt with a variety of theosophical and
allied subjects. H.P.B.’s admiration of this journal was very marked,
allied subjects. H.P.B.’s admiration of this journal was very marked,
and she referred to it as “pure Buddhi.”
and she referred to it as “pure Buddhi.”


In the Summer of 1888, Judge published An Epitome of
In the Summer of 1888, Judge published ''An Epitome of Theosophy'', a gem of succinct presentation of the chief tenets of
Theosophy, a gem of succinct presentation of the chief tenets of
the Ancient Wisdom. In a much shorter form it had previously
the Ancient Wisdom. In a much shorter form it had previously
appeared as a Theosophical “Tract,” and was also published in
appeared as a Theosophical “Tract,” and was also published in
The Path (Vol. II, Jan., 1888). So wide spread was its circulation
''The Path'' (Vol. II, Jan., 1888). So wide spread was its circulation
at the time, that the Theosophical Publication Society in England {{Page aside|478}} published the expanded version which Judge wrote specifically for
at the time, that the Theosophical Publication Society in England {{Page aside|478}} published the expanded version which Judge wrote specifically for
that purpose.
that purpose.


In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
which he called The Theosophical Forum.<ref> A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
which he called ''The Theosophical Forum''.<ref> A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
The Theosophist and to Lucifer which H.P.B. started in London
''The Theosophist'' and to ''Lucifer'' which H.P.B. started in London
in the Fall of 1887.<ref> Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled Vernal Blooms and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled The Heart Doctrine and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>
in the Fall of 1887.<ref> Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled ''Vernal Blooms'' and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled ''The Heart Doctrine'' and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>


Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
in an excellent interpretation of The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali
in an excellent interpretation of ''The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali''
which was produced with the assistance of James Henderson
which was produced with the assistance of James Henderson
Connelly and published in New York in 1889.
Connelly and published in New York in 1889.


In 1890 Judge published Echoes from the Orient, a broad outline
In 1890 Judge published ''Echoes from the Orient'', a broad outline
of Theosophical tenets which originally appeared in Kate Field’s
of Theosophical tenets which originally appeared in ''Kate Field’s Washington'', under the pseudonym of “Occultus.”
Washington, under the pseudonym of “Occultus.”


In the same year appeared a rendering of the Bhagavad-Gita,
In the same year appeared a rendering of the ''Bhagavad-Gita'',
based mainly on the translation of J. Cockburn Thomson, hut
based mainly on the translation of J. Cockburn Thomson, hut
with valuable commentaries in footnotes. He also wrote further
with valuable commentaries in footnotes. He also wrote further
Notes or Commentaries in The Path, and these were published
Notes or Commentaries in ''The Path'', and these were published
later in hook form.
later in hook form.


In the latter part of 1891, appeared Judge’s Letters That Have
In the latter part of 1891, appeared Judge’s ''Letters That Have Helped Me'', a series of letters written by him to “Jasper Niemand”
Helped Me, a series of letters written by him to “Jasper Niemand”
(Mrs. Julia ver Planck, later Mrs. Archibald Keightley) which
(Mrs. Julia ver Planck, later Mrs. Archibald Keightley) which
had originally appeared in The Path. Much later, namely in 1905,
had originally appeared in ''The Path''. Much later, namely in 1905,
there was published at New York a second series of Letters compiled
there was published at New York a second series of Letters compiled
by Jasper Niemand and Thomas Green. Both series have
by Jasper Niemand and Thomas Green. Both series have
been repeatedly reprinted.
been repeatedly reprinted.


In 1893 Judge published The Ocean of Theosophy, which in {{Page aside|479}} subsequent years became one of the Theosophical classics, running
In 1893 Judge published ''The Ocean of Theosophy'', which in {{Page aside|479}} subsequent years became one of the Theosophical classics, running
through innumerable editions.
through innumerable editions.


Judge was also instrumental in publishing a large number of
Judge was also instrumental in publishing a large number of
Oriental Department Papers consisting of Sanskrit and other
''Oriental Department Papers'' consisting of Sanskrit and other
Oriental Scriptures specially translated for this Department by
Oriental Scriptures specially translated for this Department by
Prof. Manilal Dvivedi and Chas. Johnston. He also issued from
Prof. Manilal Dvivedi and Chas. Johnston. He also issued from
June, 1890, through March, 1894, the Department of Branch Work
June, 1890, through March, 1894, the ''Department of Branch Work Papers'' containing valuable suggestions for Theosophical work and study. Both of these series of Papers are now quite scarce.
Papers containing valuable suggestions for Theosophical work and
study. Both of these series of Papers are now quite scarce.


Approximately in 1894-95, Judge supplied the current edition of
Approximately in 1894-95, Judge supplied the current edition of
Funk & Wagnalls’ The Standard Dictionary with definitions of
Funk & Wagnalls’ ''The Standard Dictionary'' with definitions of
Theosophical terms, and was announced therein as a specialist on
Theosophical terms, and was announced therein as a specialist on
the subject.
the subject.


A number of articles and essays from Judge's active pen appeared
A number of articles and essays from Judge's active pen appeared
in The Irish Theosophist, The Pacific Theosophist, The New
in ''The Irish Theosophist, The Pacific Theosophist, The New Californian, The Vahan'', and the ''Proceedings'' of various Theosophical
Californian, The Vahan, and the Proceedings of various Theosophical
Congresses and of the World’s Fair Parliament of Religions in
Congresses and of the World’s Fair Parliament of Religions in
1893. His literary activity was outstanding, particularly considering
1893. His literary activity was outstanding, particularly considering
that it was limited to a period of hardly ten years
that it was limited to a period of hardly ten years
(reckoned from the founding of The Path), during which Judge
(reckoned from the founding of ''The Path''), during which Judge
was often ill.
was often ill.


In December, 1888, Judge was in Dublin, Ireland, and there is
In December, 1888, Judge was in Dublin, Ireland, and there is
evidence that he went from there to London and assisted H.P.B.
evidence that he went from there to London and assisted H.P.B.
in the formation of the Esoteric Section. <ref> The Path, III, March, 1889, p. 393.</ref> On December 14 of that
in the formation of the Esoteric Section. <ref>''The Path'', III, March, 1889, p. 393.</ref> On December 14 of that
year H.P.B. issued a special order appointing Judge as her “only
year H.P.B. issued a special order appointing Judge as her “only
representative for said Section in America” and as “the sole channel
representative for said Section in America” and as “the sole channel
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the members of said Section and myself [H.P.B.,]” and
the members of said Section and myself [H.P.B.,]” and
she did so “in virtue of his character as a chela of thirteen years
she did so “in virtue of his character as a chela of thirteen years
standing.” <ref> The text of this document was originally published in an undated E.S.T. Circular, issued almost immediately after May 27, 1891, the date on which a full meeting of the E.S. Council, appointed by H.P.B., was held at the Hdqrts. of the T.S. in Europe, 19 Avenue Road, London, England, following H.P.B.’s passing. The original is in the Archives of the former Point Loma Theos. Society, and a facsimile thereof may be found in Vol. X of the Collected Writings, p. 194. </ref>
standing.” <ref> The text of this document was originally published in an undated E.S.T. Circular, issued almost immediately after May 27, 1891, the date on which a full meeting of the E.S. Council, appointed by H.P.B., was held at the Hdqrts. of the T.S. in Europe, 19 Avenue Road, London, England, following H.P.B.’s passing. The original is in the Archives of the former Point Loma Theos. Society, and a facsimile thereof may be found in Vol. X of the ''Collected Writings'', p. 194. </ref>


The same year Judge was appointed by Col. Olcott as Vice- {{Page aside|480}} President of the Theosophical Society, and in 1890 was officially
The same year Judge was appointed by Col. Olcott as Vice-{{Page aside|480}}President of the Theosophical Society, and in 1890 was officially
elected to that office, the rules having been changed.
elected to that office, the rules having been changed.


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then the indomitable will was hard to conquer and the poor
then the indomitable will was hard to conquer and the poor
exhausted, pain-racked body was dragged through two months
exhausted, pain-racked body was dragged through two months
in one final and supreme effort to stay with his friends.”<ref> Letters that have Helped Me, Vol. II, pp. 119-20.</ref>
in one final and supreme effort to stay with his friends.”<ref>''Letters that have Helped Me'', Vol. II, pp. 119-20.</ref>


In this connection, the following passage from one of H.P.B.’s
In this connection, the following passage from one of H.P.B.’s
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great interest:
great interest:


“The trouble with you is that you do not know the great
“The trouble with you is ''that you do not know the great
change that came to pass in you a few years ago. Others have  
change'' that came to pass in you a few years ago. Others have  


{{Page aside|481}}
{{Page aside|481}}
Line 1,676: Line 1,637:
<center>'''DR. ALEXANDER WILDER'''</center>
<center>'''DR. ALEXANDER WILDER'''</center>
<center>'''1823-1908'''</center>
<center>'''1823-1908'''</center>
<center>(Consult the Bio-Bibliographical Index for a biographical outline.)</center>
<center>(Consult the ''Bio-Bibliographical Index'' for a biographical outline.)</center>
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


{{Style P-No indent|occasionally their astrals changed and replaced by those of Adepts
{{Style P-No indent|occasionally their ''astrals'' changed and replaced by those of Adepts
(as of Elementaries) and they influence the outer, and the
(as of Elementaries) and they influence the ''outer'', and the
higher man. With you, it is the NIRMANAKAYA not the ‘astral’ that
''higher'' man. With you, it is the {{Style S-Small capitals|nirmanakaya}} not the ‘astral’ that
blended with your astral. Hence the dual nature and fighting.”<ref>The Theosophical, Forum, Point Loma, Calif., Vol. III, August 15, 1932, p. 253.</ref>}}
blended with your astral. Hence the dual nature and fighting.”<ref>''The Theosophical, Forum'', Point Loma, Calif., Vol. III, August 15, 1932, p. 253.</ref>}}


The fact referred to in both of these excerpts is what is known
The fact referred to in both of these excerpts is what is known
as Tulku, a technical Tibetan term which describes the condition
as ''Tulku'', a technical Tibetan term which describes the condition
when a living Initiate or High Occultist sends a portion of his consciousness to take embodiment, for a longer or shorter period of
when a living Initiate or High Occultist sends a portion of his consciousness to take embodiment, for a longer or shorter period of
time, in a neophyte-messenger whom that Initiate sends into the
time, in a neophyte-messenger whom that Initiate sends into the
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is this teaching which provides the key to the many apparent
is this teaching which provides the key to the many apparent
contradictions in the character of Messengers and Chelas as witnessed
contradictions in the character of Messengers and Chelas as witnessed
in the history of the Movement for many years past.<ref>This subject, and cognate Tibetan doctrines associated with Tulku,
in the history of the Movement for many years past.<ref>This subject, and cognate Tibetan doctrines associated with ''Tulku'',
as well as Avesa, are treated at length in the recently published work by Geoffrey A. Barborka entitled H. P. Blavatsky, Tibet and Tulku, The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India, 1966.</ref>
as well as ''Avesa'', are treated at length in the recently published work by Geoffrey A. Barborka entitled ''H. P. Blavatsky, Tibet and Tulku'', The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India, 1966.</ref>


In a forthright letter dated from London, Oct. 23, 1889, H.P.B.
In a forthright letter dated from London, Oct. 23, 1889, H.P.B.
spoke of Judge as being “part of herself since several aeons” and
spoke of Judge as being “''part of herself since several aeons''” and
wrote to him saying:
wrote to him saying:


Line 1,705: Line 1,666:
W.Q.J. resigns, H.P.B. will be virtually dead for the Americans.
W.Q.J. resigns, H.P.B. will be virtually dead for the Americans.


“W.Q.J. is the Antaskarana between the two Manas(es) the
“W.Q.J. is the ''Antaskarana'' between the two Manas(es) the
American thought and the lndian-or rather the trans-Himalayan
American thought and the lndian–or rather the trans-Himalayan
Esoteric Knowledge.” <ref> The Theosophical, Forum, Vol. III, June, 1932, where it was published from the original in the Archives of the Point Loma T.S. Facsimile in Theosophia, Vol. VII, March-April, 1951.</ref>
Esoteric Knowledge.”<ref>''The Theosophical, Forum'', Vol. III, June, 1932, where it was published from the original in the Archives of the Point Loma T.S. Facsimile in ''Theosophia'', Vol. VII, March-April, 1951.</ref>


With H.P.B.’s death, May 8, 1891, a great cohering and vitalizing
With H.P.B.’s death, May 8, 1891, a great cohering and vitalizing
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leadership and direction. Olcott himself has written: “Every possible
leadership and direction. Olcott himself has written: “Every possible
thing was done to reduce my position to that of a cipher or
thing was done to reduce my position to that of a cipher or
figurehead; so I met the thing half way with my resignation.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, IV, p. 428.</ref> There is more to this story, however, than has ever appeared in print.
figurehead; so I met the thing half way with my resignation.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', IV, p. 428.</ref> There is more to this story, however, than has ever appeared in print.


When Olcott's resignation came up for discussion and action
When Olcott's resignation came up for discussion and action
Line 1,743: Line 1,704:
Quan Judge, is the most suitable person to guide the Society, and
Quan Judge, is the most suitable person to guide the Society, and
one who cannot with justice he passed over.” This was an unqualified
one who cannot with justice he passed over.” This was an unqualified
endorsement of Judge as the future President of the T.S.<ref>Full text of this Letter may he found in Sven Eek’s Damodar, etc., p. 115.</ref>
endorsement of Judge as the future President of the T.S.<ref>Full text of this Letter may he found in Sven Eek’s ''Damodar'', etc., p. 115.</ref>


At the Annual Convention of the American Section held at
At the Annual Convention of the American Section held at
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Judge, Vice-President, my constitutional successor and eligible
Judge, Vice-President, my constitutional successor and eligible
for duty as such upon his relinquishment of any other office
for duty as such upon his relinquishment of any other office
in the Society which he may hold at the time of my death.”<ref>The Path, Vol. VII, October, 1892, pp. 235-36.</ref>
in the Society which he may hold at the time of my death.”<ref>''The Path'', Vol. VII, October, 1892, pp. 235-36.</ref>


Judge, in a Notice to the members of his own American Section,
Judge, in a Notice to the members of his own American Section,
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wise. The latter magnetism will assuredly overcome the former,
wise. The latter magnetism will assuredly overcome the former,
however excellent the intentions of both persons. And I soon saw {{Page aside|485}}the mental effect of this in Mrs. Besant's entire change of view,
however excellent the intentions of both persons. And I soon saw {{Page aside|485}}the mental effect of this in Mrs. Besant's entire change of view,
in other matters besides those of H.P.B. and Mr. Judge.”<ref>The Path, X, June, 1895, pp. 99-100.</ref>
in other matters besides those of H.P.B. and Mr. Judge.”<ref>''The Path'', X, June, 1895, pp. 99-100.</ref>


It should be borne in mind here that for a number of years
It should be borne in mind here that for a number of years
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shown by the message which Master M. ordered H.P.B. to convey
shown by the message which Master M. ordered H.P.B. to convey
to A. P. Sinnett with regard to the Prayaga Branch-one of the
to A. P. Sinnett with regard to the Prayaga Branch-one of the
most important pronouncements from the Teachers.<ref>The Mahatma Letters, etc., Letter No. 134, dated from Dehra Dun, November 4, 1881.</ref>
most important pronouncements from the Teachers.<ref>''The Mahatma Letters'', etc., Letter No. 134, dated from Dehra Dun, November 4, 1881.</ref>


Approximately at this time in the life of Judge we see the
Approximately at this time in the life of Judge we see the
Line 1,882: Line 1,843:
and even merely sincere aspirants, wholeheartedly engaged in
and even merely sincere aspirants, wholeheartedly engaged in
Theosophical work, are tested, tried, and disciplined at every turn
Theosophical work, are tested, tried, and disciplined at every turn
by the sudden exteriorization of their pent up and delayed Karman,
by the sudden ''exteriorization'' of their pent up and delayed Karman,
an occult law stressed by H.P.B. herself. This is a process of purification
an occult law stressed by H.P.B. herself. This is a process of purification
which nothing can stop or set aside, until the disciple has
which nothing can stop or set aside, until the disciple has
Line 1,895: Line 1,856:
It would be inadvisable to give a full account of the so-called
It would be inadvisable to give a full account of the so-called
“Judge Case” within the scope of the present outline. All pertinent
“Judge Case” within the scope of the present outline. All pertinent
data on the subject may be obtained by the perusal of The
data on the subject may be obtained by the perusal of ''The Theosophist, The Path'' and ''Lucifer'' for approximately the years
Theosophist, The Path and Lucifer for approximately the years
1893-96, and the following three main sources of information issued
1893-96, and the following three main sources of information issued
at the time: The Case Against W. Q. fudge (London: Theos. Puhl.
at the time: ''The Case Against W. Q. Judge'' (London: Theos. Puhl.
Society, 1895) published by Annie Besant and prepared by her at
Society, 1895) published by Annie Besant and prepared by her at
the request of Olcott; Reply by William Q. Judge, read by Dr.
the request of Olcott; ''Reply by William Q. Judge'', read by Dr.
A. Keightley on behalf of Judge before an informal meeting of
A. Keightley on behalf of Judge before an informal meeting of
the T.S. Convention at Boston, Mass., on April 29, 1895, and
the T.S. Convention at Boston, Mass., on April 29, 1895, and
published in pamphlet form; and Isis and the Mahatmas published
published in pamphlet form; and ''Isis and the Mahatmas'' published
by Judge in London in 1895, and dealing mainly with the attack
by Judge in London in 1895, and dealing mainly with the attack
published in the Westminster Gazette.
published in the ''Westminster Gazette''.


The accusations against Judge grew mainly out of a number of
The accusations against Judge grew mainly out of a number of
Line 1,933: Line 1,893:
out that “the President and Vice-President could only be tried as
out that “the President and Vice-President could only be tried as
such by such Committee, for official misconduct-that is misfeasances
such by such Committee, for official misconduct-that is misfeasances
and malfeasances.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, V, p. 191. The Path, Vol. IX, Aug., 1894, p. 161.</ref> The Judicial Committee found itself
and malfeasances.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', V, p. 191. ''The Path'', Vol. IX, Aug., 1894, p. 161.</ref> The Judicial Committee found itself
also face to face with its own limitations, on the very basis of
also face to face with its own limitations, on the very basis of
the T.S. Constitution, as it could not try anyone within the T.S.
the T.S. Constitution, as it could not try anyone within the T.S.
Line 1,954: Line 1,914:
believe and affirm it. For the above reason, then, I declare as
believe and affirm it. For the above reason, then, I declare as
my opinion that this inquiry must go no farther; we may not
my opinion that this inquiry must go no farther; we may not
break our own laws for any consideration whatsoever.”<ref>Olcott, op.cit., V, pp. 186-87. From the Minutes of the Judicial Committee of the Theosophical Society, July 10, 1894.</ref>
break our own laws for any consideration whatsoever.”<ref>Olcott, ''op.cit''., V, pp. 186-87. From the Minutes of the Judicial Committee of the Theosophical Society, July 10, 1894.</ref>


In retrospect, it seems most curious that any kind of special
In retrospect, it seems most curious that any kind of special
Line 1,962: Line 1,922:
consulting the Constitutional basis of the T.S.
consulting the Constitutional basis of the T.S.


In a sudden volte face, symptomatic of the many confused trends
In a sudden volte ''face'', symptomatic of the many confused trends
of thought fighting for supremacy at the time, Annie Besant stated:  
of thought fighting for supremacy at the time, Annie Besant stated:  


Line 1,984: Line 1,944:
was intended, leaving that person to wrongly assume that it was
was intended, leaving that person to wrongly assume that it was
a direct precipitation or writing by the Master himself-that is,
a direct precipitation or writing by the Master himself-that is,
that it was done through Mr. Judge, but done by the Master.”<ref>Olcott, op.cit., Vol. V, pp. 195-96, 200-201. From the Statement by Annie Besant read at the Third Session of the European Convention of the T.S., July 12, 1894.</ref>
that it was done ''through'' Mr. Judge, but done ''by'' the Master.”<ref>Olcott, ''op.cit''., Vol. V, pp. 195-96, 200-201. From the Statement by Annie Besant read at the Third Session of the European Convention of the T.S., July 12, 1894.</ref>


When this entire period is carefully viewed in retrospect, many
When this entire period is carefully viewed in retrospect, many
of the issues at stake appear rather childish and immature against
of the issues at stake appear rather childish and immature against
the background of additional information on certain occult subjects
the background of additional information on certain occult subjects
which has become available since the publication in 1923 of The
which has become available since the publication in 1923 of ''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett''. Had the information contained
Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. Had the information contained
therein on the rationale behind the sending of letters and messages
therein on the rationale behind the sending of letters and messages
by the Mahatmans, either by precipitation or otherwise, been available
by the Mahatmans, either by precipitation or otherwise, been available
Line 2,011: Line 1,970:
“In noticing M’s [Master Morya’s] opinion of yourself expressed
“In noticing M’s [Master Morya’s] opinion of yourself expressed
in some of his letters-(you must not feel altogether so
in some of his letters-(you must not feel altogether so
sure that because they are in his handwriting, they are written
sure that because they are in ''his'' handwriting, they are written
by him, though of course every word is sanctioned by him to
by him, though of course every word is sanctioned by him to
serve certain ends)-you say he has ‘a peculiar mode of expressing
serve certain ends)-you say he has ‘a peculiar mode of expressing
himself to say the least’.<ref>The Mahatma Letter, etc., p. 232; 3rd ed., p. 229.</ref>
himself to say the least’.<ref>''The Mahatma Letter'', etc., p. 232; 3rd ed., p. 229.</ref>


On another occasion, Master K. H. explained:
On another occasion, Master K. H. explained:


“Very often our very letters-unless something very important
“Very often our very letters-unless something very important
and secret-are written in our handwritings by our chelas.”<ref>Op.cit., p. 296; 3rd ed., 291.</ref>
and secret-are written in our handwritings by our chelas.”<ref>''Op.cit''., p. 296; 3rd ed., 291.</ref>


ln the light of the above passages, what becomes of the accusation
ln the light of the above passages, what becomes of the accusation
that Judge, while transmitting admittedly genuine messages
that Judge, while transmitting admittedly genuine messages
from the Masters, yet gave them “a misleading material form,”<ref>Lucifer, XIV, Aug., 1894, pp. 459-60.</ref> meaning the handwriting used by Judge on those occasions?
from the Masters, yet gave them “a misleading material form,”<ref>''Lucifer'', XIV, Aug., 1894, pp. 459-60.</ref> meaning the handwriting used by Judge on those occasions?


The judicial verdict of the Committee was received with mixed
The judicial verdict of the Committee was received with mixed
Line 2,037: Line 1,996:
“unable to accept the official statement with regard to the inquiries
“unable to accept the official statement with regard to the inquiries
held upon the charges preferred against the Vice-President of the
held upon the charges preferred against the Vice-President of the
T.S.”<ref>Old Diary Leaves, V, p. 256.</ref> This was of course his privilege; but he went one fatal
T.S.”<ref>''Old Diary Leaves'', V, p. 256.</ref> This was of course his privilege; but he went one fatal
step further. He published in the Westminster Gazette the entire
step further. He published in the ''Westminster Gazette'' the entire
series of papers in the so-called Judge Case which had been entrusted
series of papers in the so-called Judge Case which had been entrusted
to him by Col. Olcott. This breach of faith precipitated
to him by Col. Olcott. This breach of faith precipitated
Line 2,063: Line 2,022:
“The Unity of the Theosophical Movement does not depend
“The Unity of the Theosophical Movement does not depend
upon singleness of organization, but upon similarity of work
upon singleness of organization, but upon similarity of work
and aspiration; and in this we will ‘KEEP THE LINK UNBROKEN’.”<ref>Report of the American Convention, 1895, p. 24.</ref>
and aspiration; and in this we will ‘{{Style S-Small capitals|Keep the Link Unbroken}}’.”<ref>''Report of the American Convention'', 1895, p. 24.</ref>


Judge’s health had long been very poor. He had contracted
Judge’s health had long been very poor. He had contracted
Line 2,076: Line 2,035:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''KAPILA'''. *The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy of Kapila, with
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Kapila}}'''. *''The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy of Kapila'', with
illustrative extracts from the Commentaries. Text and Translation
illustrative extracts from the Commentaries. Text and Translation
by James R. Ballantyne. Allahabad: Presbyterian Mission Press,
by James R. Ballantyne. Allahabad: Presbyterian Mission Press,
Line 2,082: Line 2,041:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''KHUNRATH, HENRY (b. about 1560)'''. *Amphitheatrum Sapientiae
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Khunrath, Henry (b. about 1560)}}'''. *''Amphitheatrum Sapientiae Aeternae solius verae, Christiano-Kabbalisticum, divinomagicum'',
Aeternae solius verae, Christiano-Kabbalisticum, divinomagicum,
etc., an unfinished work which appeared after his death with preface
etc., an unfinished work which appeared after his death with preface
and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt. Hanoviaec Giulielmus Antonius,
and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt. Hanoviaec Giulielmus Antonius,
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