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408
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT
The system of diacritical marks used in the Bibliographies and the Index (with square brackets), as well as in the English translations of original French and Russian texts, does not strictly follow any one specific scholar, to the exclusion of all others. While adhering to a very large extent to Sir Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary, as for instance in the case of the Anusvâra, the transliteration adopted includes forms introduced by other Sanskrit scholars as well, being therefore of a selective nature.
It should also be noted that the diacritical mark for a long “a” was in the early days a circumflex, and therefore all of H.P.B.’s writings embody this sound in the form of “â.” No change has been made from this earlier notation to its more modern form of the “macron,” or line over the “a.” Such a change would have necessitated too many alterations, and almost certainly would have produced confusion; therefore the older usage has been adhered to throughout.
409
The material contained in the following pages is of necessity a selective one, and is intended to serve three purposes: (a) to give condensed information, not otherwise readily available, about the life and writings of some individuals mentioned by H. P. B. in the text, and who are practically unknown to the present-day student; (b) to give similar data about a few well-known scholars who are discussed at length by H. P. B., and whose writings she constantly quotes; and (c) to give full information regarding all works and periodicals quoted or referred to in the main text and in the Compiler’s Notes, with or without biographical data of their authors. All such works are marked with an asterisk (*).
In the case of Oriental Works, of which only a very few are quoted in the present volume, no attempt has been made to include all the known editions. Those mentioned represent, therefore, only some of the most noteworthy publications. Translations are in the English language, unless otherwise stated. As a rule, the works referred to may be consulted for a short time by means of Inter-Library Loans. To facilitate this, Institutions and Libraries where such works may be obtained are indicated within square brackets. The Key to the Abbreviations used is as follows:
B—Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass.
BM—Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass.
G—Columbia University Library, New York City, N.Y.
Ch—University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Ill.
Cl—Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio.
Cong—Library of Congress, Washington, D.G.
H—Harvard University Library, Cambridge, Mass.
JHU—Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
NYP—New York Public Library, New York City, N.Y.
P—Princeton University Library, Princeton, N.J.
Pea—Peabody Institute, Baltimore, Md.
UP—University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, Pa.
Y—Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.
Ed. stands for Editions of the original text in Devanagari characters; Roman—indicates the text to be in Roman characters.
410 Adalbert of Magdeburg. Allegedly a Bishop-impostor, whose activities took place in the eighth century. The so-called pagan doctrines still exercized a considerable influence at the time over the Christian population of the Empire of the Francs. It was St. Boniface who denounced Adalbert, together with some other ecclesiastics, and lodged a complaint against them with Pope Zachary. The latter declared Adalbert to be unworthy of his clerical status, as he confused the people and turned them away from God. It does not seem to be clear as to just exactly what Adalbert was doing at the time, but it has been said that he was erecting crosses and little chapels in the fields, and was looked upon as a saint by the people. He was said to possess special knowledge concerning the names of the Angels, and this was the main reason why he had been compared by the Pope to Simon the Magician (Jaffé, Monum. Moguntina, p. xlviii). Adalbert was condemned for the first time at the Synod of Soissons, 744; and again at a Council of the Francs, 745. As no results ensued, the affair was brought up before a Roman Synod, in 745, presided by Pope Zachary himself. An alleged biography of Adalbert was displayed at the deliberations of the Synod; Adalbert was supposed to be a native of Gaul, who had had angelic visions in his early youth and had decided to lead a religious life; he had somehow or other obtained the rank of a Bishop in a non-canonical manner; a legend was current to the effect that he had been specially sanctified and dedicated even before his birth (Jaffe, op. cit., p. 142); that a letter from Christ himself had fallen down from heaven at Jerusalem and was being spread around by Adalbert; and that he had composed a special prayer which was introducing his cult of Angels, and invented new names for them (Jaffe, op. cit., p. 144 et seq.). A considerable battle ensued between Boniface and Adalbert, which eventually led to a severe pronouncement on the part of the Pope who anathematized Adalbert, and removed him from the exercise of all his functions. At a later date, Adalbert became active once more and the controversy flared up again. We have no definite information concerning this period, but it is known that Adalbert was finally detained at Fulda, and eventually killed by some shepherds (Jaffe, op. cit., Ixiii; Pertz, Monum. Germ. Hist. Script., Vol. II, p. 355).
Consult also: C.J. von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Freiburg i. B., 1855-74; Seiters, Bonifacius, der Apostel der Deutschen, Mainz, 1845.
Addison, Joseph. English essayist, poet and politician, b. in his father’s rectory of Milston in Wiltshire, May 1, 1672; d. June 17, 1719. After attending several schools, entered Queen’s College, Oxford, at the age of fifteen. Most skilful in writing Latin poems for which he received various distinctions. Travelled on the Continent, 1699-1703. The next ten years of his life were spent in government service and in writing various essays in 411defence of the Whigs. He is best known for his daily paper called the Spectator, which ran for about two years and in which he wrote a large number of essays in faultless English. On the accession of George I, Addison was appointed secretary to the lords justices entrusted provisionally with the conduct of the government; he then became chief secretary for Ireland. He was later one of the commissioners for trade and the colonies.
A complete edition of Addison’s works is included in Bohn’s British Classics. It is not definitely known what particular essay or article of Addison’s H. P. B. quotes from.
Albizzi, Francesco (1593-1684). Italian Cardinal, of a noble family from Cesana. At first a married man and celebrated as an attorney; had several children. After becoming widower, settled in Rome and took orders. Worked in Naples and Spain, as assessor of the Sacred Office, 1635. Accompanied Cardinal Ginetti, 1636, on a mediation embassy to the Congress of Cologne, which was supposed to end the thirty-years war. Seeing no results, asked to be recalled, October, 1637. Became secretary of the Irish Congregation. Strongly opposed Jansenism and took part in the conflict between them and the Jesuits. Became Cardinal, 1654. Lacking diplomacy in action, he was of a petulant character and most suited for legal affairs. Wrote several legal works.
Allen, Charles Grant Blairfindie. Canadian novelist, philosopher and scientific writer, b. at Alwington, Kingston, Canada, Feb. 24, 1848; d. at Hindhead, Oct. 25, 1899. Educated in Merton College, Oxford; grad. B.A., 1871. As a boy he had been interested in birds and flowers, and had carried his scientific interests so far as to have formed, during his stay in Jamaica, an evolutionary system of philosophy of his own. Especially renowned for his clear exposition of the Darwinian theories. Wrote a large number of articles for various periodicals. Among his works should be mentioned: The Evolutionist At Large, 1881; Vignettes from Nature, 1881; Colours of Flowers, 1882; Charles Darwin, 1885; (in English Worthies, ed. by Lang).
It is not certain what particular work of his H. P. B. quotes from.
Amadeus of Portugal. Actually Joao Mendes de Silva, son of a Portugal nobleman, Rodrigo de Silva, b. about 1420; d. at Milan, Aug. 10, 1482. After a brief period of married life, entered his religious life in the Hieronymite monastery of Notre-Dame de Guadalupe (Spain), remaining there ten years. Desirous of joining the Franciscans, he went to Italy, where, after some delay, he was received into the Order, 1455. Living in various places, chiefly in Milan, attracted attention by his virtue and alleged miracles. Under the protection of the Archbishop of Milan, established convent of Notre-Dame de la Paix, 1469, which became 412the centre of a Franciscan reform, intended to carry out the rules of St. Francis in all severity. The head of the Order, Francesco della Rovere, later Pope Sixtus IV, extended his protection to Amadeus. Other foundations were made in various parts of Italy, one in Rome, where the Pope established him at S. Pietro in Montorio, and made Amadeus his confessor. Supernatural favours supposedly obtained through his intercession aided in the spread of his reform movement, and the Bolland ists testify to the authenticity of the title “Blessed” bestowed upon him. Amadeus composed an as yet unpublished treatise, De revelationibus et prophetiis. After his death, the convents he founded continued for a while to form a distinct branch of the Franciscans; the friars were called the Amadeans or Amadists, with 28 houses throughout Italy. The Popes Julius II and Pius V suppressed them, uniting them, 1568, with other branches of the Order into one family of Friars Minor Observants.
Ambrosius, Saint (340?-397). *De fide ad Gratianum Augustum libri quinque. See H. von Hurter, Sanctorum Patrum opuscula selecta, etc., Vol. 30, 1874, etc.
*Anugîtâ. The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugâtîya and the Anugîtâ. Translated by Kâshinâth Trimbak Telang . . . x, 442. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882. SBE 8. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. Pea. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H. BM. B.].— Vier philosophische Texte des Mahabharata (includes the Anugîtâ). German transi, by Dr. Paul Deussen and Dr. Otto Strauss. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1906. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H.].
Arnold, Sir Edwin (1832-1904). *The Light of Asia, or the Great Renunciation (Mahâbhinishkramana). London: Triibner & Co., 1879. Many later editions.
Babinet, Jacques. French physicist, b. at Lusignan, March 5, 1794; d. Oct. 21, 1872. Studied at Lycée Napoléon, where Binet was responsible for turning his mind away from law and into the field of science; entered then the École Polytechnique. Joined the artillery for a short time. Resigned at the Restoration, and became prof, of physics at the Lycée Saint-Louis. Taught meteorology at the Athénée, 1825-28, then held a chair at the Collège de France, 1838. Elected to the Academy of Sciences, 1840. Perfected the pneumatic machine, the atmometer and the hygrometer. Engaged in journalism also, and was known for his popular presentation of science. Chief work: Résumé complet de la physique, Paris, 1825.
H. P. B. refers to his article in Revue des Deux Mondes, May, 1855.
Besant, Walter (1836-1901). *Herr Paulus: his rise, his greatness, and his fall. A Novel. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888. 3 vols. 8vo.
413 *Bhagavad-Gîtâ. See Oriental Bibliography in Volume V of the present Series for comprehensive data concerning various editions of this work.
*Bhagavata-purana. For data on various editions of this work, vide Bio-Bibliographical Index in Volume IX of the present Series.
Bianchini, Francesco Giuseppe. Italian historian, astronomer and antiquary, b. at Verona, Dec. 13, 1662; d. at Rome, March 2, 1729. Studied mathematics, physics and astronomy, and in later years theology. Advanced to deaconship, 1669. Became, 1684, custodian of the library of his protector, Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, later Pope Alexander VIII. Received many honours and commissions of trust from succeeding Popes. Elected head of a society for the study of historical antiquities, 1703, and served on the Committee for reform of the calendar. The Univ, of Oxford furnished his expenses during sojourn in England. Benedict XIII appointed him historiographer of the Synod held at the Lateran, 1725. Works: A Solution of the Paschal Problem, Rome, 1703.—Istoria Universale, Rome, 1697, only one vol. of which appeared.—De Calendario et Cyclo Caesaris, Rome, 1703.—Hesperi et Phosphori nova Phaenomena, Rome, 1729, in which he stated that Venus rotated in 24-and-a-third days.
Blavatsky, H. P. (1831-1891). *First Draft of The Secret Doctrine, 1886.—*“The Secret Doctrine, Vol. Ill,” 1897.—*The Key to Theosophy. First edition, London, 1889.—*Iz peshcher i debrey Indostana (From the Caves and Jungles of Hindostán), in Russkiy Vestnik (Russian Messenger), 1883, 1885-86.
*Book of Common Prayer.
*Book of the Dead. The conventional title given to collections of funerary texts (spells, incantations, hymns, invocations, litanies) which were during a period of at least 5,000 years cut or painted on walls of pyramids and tombs in Egypt, and painted on coffins and rolls of papyri. The earliest texts, ascribed to Thoth and directly connected with him, are—according to documents of the Xlth and XVIIth dynasties—entitled “Reu nu pert em hru” which means “Chapters of the Coming Forth [into] the Day.” During subsequent periods many additions were made, until under the XVIIIth dynasty the collection comprised nearly 200 distinct compositions, sayings or “chapters.”
There are three recensions of the Book of the Dead {Das Totenbuch, in German; Le Livre des Morts, in French): 1) The Heliopolitan recension, i.e., the texts inscribed in hieroglyphics upon the walls and chambers of the Pyramids during the Vth and Vlth dynasties, and the texts written in cursive hieroglyphics upon coffins of the 414Xlth and Xllth dynasties. This recension is in accordance with the views held by the priests of Heliopolis ; 2) The Theban recension, i.e., the texts written in hieroglyphics upon coffins and papyri from the XVIIIth to the XXIInd dynasties; and in hieratic characters upon papyri during the XXIst and XXIInd dynasties. Chiefly copied for the priests at Thebes and their families; 3) Saite (Saite-Ptolemaic) recension, i.e., texts written upon papyri and coffins in hieroglyphic, hieratic or demotic characters, from the XXVIth dynasty down to the Graeco-Roman period. This recension was in all probability supervised by the priests of Sais.
The title “Book of the Dead” is a translation of the Arabic “Kitâb al-Maggitun,” under which name any papyrus roll found with the mummies was sold by the Egyptian tomb-robbers.
The following gives a partial Bibliography which will be useful to the student:
Per-M-Hru. Das Todtenbuch der Aegypter naeh dem hieroglyphischen Papyrus in Turin, etc., Richard Lepsius, Leipzig, 1842, 4to.—Das Aegyptische Todtenbuch der XVIII bis XX Dynastie. Edited from various sources by E. Naville, Berlin, 1886, fol., 3 vols.—Chapitres supplémentaires du Livre des Morts, 162, 163, 163 (164-174). Translated and with Commentary by W. Pleyte, Leyden, 1881, 8vo., 3 pts.—Le Livre des Morts des Anciens Égyptiens. Complete translation of the Turin Papyrus and the Louvre MSS. With Notes and an analytical Index. P. Pierret, Paris, 1882. (In Vol. XXXIII of the Bibliothèque Orientale Elzévirienne.)—Le Papyrus de Neb-Qed, exemplaire hiéroglyphique du Livre des Morts. Edited and with a Mythological Introduction by Théodule Devéria. Translation of text by P. Pierret. Paris, A. Franck (F. Vieweg), 1872. Coloured Plates.—Grammaire Égyptienne, ou principes généraux de récriture sacrée Égyptienne, etc. Edited with a Preface by J. J. Champollion-Figeac, Paris, 1836, fol.—Facsimiles of two Papyri found in a tomb at Thebes. With a transi, by Samuel Birch, and an account of their discovery by A. H. Rhind. London, 1863.—Book of the Dead. A translation with Comm, of the 2nd and following chapters by P. Ie Page Renouf, Proceedings, Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vols. 14-19, 1892-97.—Le Pire-em-hrou, Chabas, in Compte rendu of the Oriental Congress, Vol. I, Paris, 1876, pp. 37 ff.—The Book of the Dead. Facsimile of the Papyrus of Ani in the British Museum. Edited by E. A. Wallis Budge and with an Introd, by P. Ie Page Renouf, London, 1890, fol.; 2nd ed. 1894.—Ditto, but with interlinear transliteration and translation, introd., etc. by Budge, London, 1895, 4to; also 1913.—The Book of the Dead. The Chapters of Coming Forth by Day. The Egyptian text according to the Theban recension in hieroglyphic, edited from numerous papyri, with a translation, vocabulary, etc., by E. A. Wallis Budge. London, 1898 [1897], 3 Vols., 8vo. Plates.—415The Book of the Dead. An English translation of the Chapters, Hymns, etc., of the Theban Recension, with Introd., Notes, etc., by E. A. Wallis Budge. With 22 Plates and 420 vignettes. London, 1909-11, 3 Vols. [Books on Egypt and Chaldaea Series.]; 2nd rev. and enl. ed., 1910; 2nd impression thereof, 1923; 3rd impression, in one volume, 1928.
H. P. B. used on numerous occasions, especially for Isis Unveiled, portions of the translation by Samuel Birch, as published in Bunsen’s Egypt’s Place in Universal History, Engl, transl., London, 1848-67, in 5 Vols.
Braithwaite, W. M. *“St. George for Merry England,” Masonic Monthly, No. 2.
Bunsen, Christian Charles Josiah, Baron von. Prussian diplomatist and scholar, b. at Korbach, Waldeck, Aug. 25, 1791; d. Nov. 28, 1860. Studied at Gottingen. After some travels in Germany, undertook the study of Hebrew, Arabic, Persian and Norse, and the religion, laws, languages and literature of the Teutonic races. Went to Berlin, 1815, to lay before Niebuhr his plan of research. Niebuhr was so impressed with his ability, that, two years later, when he became Prussian envoy to the papal court, he made Bunsen his secretary. When in Rome, he promoted the Vatican movement for establishment of the papal church in Prussian dominions to provide for the largely increased Catholic population. Placed in charge of the legation after Niebuhr’s resignation. As a result of differences of views, incurred disfavour of the pope and resigned, 1838. After leaving Rome, Bunsen spent two years as ambassador to Berne, and was transferred, 1842, to London, where he spent the rest of his official life.
Upon accession to Prussian throne of Frederick William IV, 1840, Bunsen, a great admirer of the Anglican Church, just as was the Emperor, was selected to promote the latter’s fantastic scheme of setting up at Jerusalem a Prusso-Anglican bishopric, as a sign of the unity and aggressive force of Protestantism. Bunsen’s political views differed somewhat from those of the Emperor. When the latter refused his plea to enter the Crimean War on the side of the Western Powers, Bunsen resigned in April, 1854, and retired to Bonn. In 1858, he held a seat in the Prussian Upper House.
Works: Die Reichert der i^eit, 1855.—The Church of the Future. Engl, ed., 1847.—*Aegypten’s Stelle in der Weltgeschichte. 5 vols. Hamburg: Gotha, 1845-57. 8vo.; Engl. tr. as Egypt’s Place in Universal History. Tr. by C. H. Cottrell. With additions by S. Birch. 5 Vols. London, 1848-67. 8vo; 2nd ed., Vol. I, London, 1867.—Memoirs, publ. in 1868, and containing much of his private correspondence.
416 Burnouf, Smile Louis (1821-1907). *“Le Bouddhisme en Occident,” Revue des Deux-Mondes, Vol. 88, July 15, 1888.
Castaldus, Johann Thomas (sometimes Gastaldi). Dominican monk from Albenga, who attained to some prominence as preacher and writer under Innocent X. After serving as Qualificator at the Sacred Office, he became, 1652, Bishop of Brugneto, and died in 1655, at Sestri. Among his several works, mention should be made of the four volumes entitled * De Angelis. He was suspected of having propounded certain teachings contrary to the Church.
Collins Mabel (1851-1927). *Light on the Path, London, 1885. See Bio-Bibliographical Index in Vol. VIII, for comprehensive data.
Crawford F. Marion (1854-1909). *Mr. Isaacs: A Tale of Modern India. London: Macmillan & Co., 1882.
Crawford, John Martin (1845-1916). *The Kalevala, the Epic Poem of Finland. Transl. into English Verse. New York: J. B. Alden, 1888. 2 vols. 8vo.
Duca (or Del Duca), Antonio. Sicilian priest born in Cefalu, June 15, 1491; d. in Rome, Oct. 30, 1564. Mainly responsible for the erection of the Church known as the Basilica di S. Maria degli Angeli. For an account of his visions and difficulties, see Mariano Armellini, Le Chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX, Rome, 1942 (Vol. II, p. 1018); P. de Angelis, La Chiesa di S. Maria degli Angeli alle Terme Diocleziane, Rome, Cooper, 1920 (chap, i, ii, and iii); and the history of the erection of this Church based on Del Duca’s correspondence, and preserved by Matteo Catalani, who was for eighteen years the confident of Del Duca. This MS is in the Vatican Library, and is numbered 696-8735.
Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of. British diplomatist, b. at Florence, June 21, 1826; d. Feb. 12, 1902. On leaving Oxford, took up management of his Irish estates. Favourite both at Court and in London society. In political life, followed Lord Russell. Enlarged his experience by foreign travels, and held various diplomatic positions, trying by his conscientious endeavours to be just to all parties. Under-secretary for India, 1864-66, under-secretary for war, 1866, in Palmerston’s and Earl Russell’s ministries. Appointed Governor-General of Canada, 1872. Became known as a man of culture and political distinction, as well as a powerful orator. Ambassador to Russia, 1879; at Constantinople, 1881. After a 417period in Egypt, was appointed viceroy of India, 1884, to succeed Lord Ripon. Ambassador at Rome, 1888; and in Paris, 1892. Retired, 1896.
Fuller, Thomas (1654-1734). *Gnomologia: Wise Sentences and Witty Sayings, etc. Collected by T. F. London, 1732. 297 pp.; new ed., 1817.
Gastaldi. Vide Castaldus.
George of Laodicea in Syria, often called the Cappadoclan, b. probably at Epiphania, in Cilicia. After many wanderings, in which he amassed a fortune, first as an army-contractor and then as a receiver of taxes, he reached Alexandria, where in 356 he was promoted by the prevalent Arian faction to the vacant see, and remained archbishop until 361. A semi-Arian himself, he instigated the second Sirmian formula, promulgated by the third Council of Sirmium, 357, which was conciliatory towards strict Arianism, but was opposed at the Council of Ancyra, 358. Owing to his persecutions of the orthodox, a rebellion took place, and he was compelled to flee for his life; his authority was restored somewhat later by the military. On the accession of Julian, he was killed by the people, Dec. 24, 361. Though of brutal character, he had some cultivated literary tastes, and collected a valuable library, which Julian conveyed to Antioch for his own use.
Gestefeld, Ursula Newell (1845-1921). *Mrs. N. G.’s Statement of Christian Science. 3rd ed., Chicago, 1889; 4th ed., New York, 1889.
Glycas, Michael. Byzantine historian, a native either of Constantinople or of Sicily. There are great doubts with regard to the time when he lived; some scholars think he flourished as late as the fifteenth century; others place him in the twelfth. It is certain, however, that he lived after 1118, because his Annals or Chronicle go down to the death of the emperor Alexis I Comnenus in that year. Glycas was probably an ecclesiastic, possessed an extensive amount of knowledge, and was proficient in several languages. His style is clear and concise, and he is placed among the better Byzantine historians. He was also the author of a treatise and a number of letters on theological subjects. Some offence committed by him against a neighbour resulted in his confinement, and it is said that he was deprived of his eye-sight by the emperor’s order. The best edition of his chief work is by I. Bekker, in the Bonn collection of the Byzantines, 1836.
Hardy, Robert Spence. English Wesleyan missionary and Buddhist scholar, b. at Preston, Lancashire, July 1, 1803; d. at Headingly, 418Yorkshire, April 16, 1868. He was admitted to the British Conference, 1825, and subsequently appointed missionary to Ceylon. After a faithful service of twenty-three years, he returned to England and served on several important circuits. He was a man of wide culture and the author of several authoritative works on Buddhism in Ceylon and on Pali literature, such as: Eastern Monachism. London: Partridge & Oakey, 1850; A Manual of Buddhism, etc., ibid., 1853; The Legends and Theories of the Buddhists, etc. London: Williams and Norgate, 1866; 2nd ed., 1881.
Hare, H. E. and W. L. Hare. *Who Wrote the Mahatma Letters? London: Williams and Norgate Ltd., 1936. 326 pp.
Hasselquist, Fredrik. Swedish naturalist, b. at Tornevalla, East Gothland, 1722; d. at Smyrna, Feb. 9, 1752. Went to the Univ, of Uppsala, 1741, where his talents and industry drew the attention of Linnaeus. Published in 1747 a dissertation, De viribus plantarum. Spent some time at Jerusalem, studying natural history of Palestine. Swedish Queen, Louisa Ulrica, purchased entire collection of plants, minerals, reptiles, insects, etc., he had made during his travels, and deposited it in the Drottningholm’s Castle. Linnaeus prepared from his various papers a work entitled Iter Palaestinum, 1757.
Herschel, Sir John F. William (1792-1871). *Treatise on Astronomy. New ed., London, 1851.
Hesiod. *Theogony. Loeb Classical Library.
Hippolytus (second half of 2nd cent. a.d.). *Philosophumena. Attributed to him by some scholars. Vide Bio-Bibliographical Index in Vol. IX of the present Series, for more specific data.
H. P. B. quotes in English translation passages from the Greek- Latin edition of Patricius Cruice; Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1860. xl, 548 pp. Index. Cruice, however, ascribes this work to Origen.
Horace. Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 b.c. - 8 b.c.). *Odes.— *Satires. Loeb Classical Library.
Jinarajadasa, C. (1875-1953). *Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theos. Publ. House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed., 1923; 3rd ed., 1945; 4th ed., with new and additional Letters, covering period 1870-1900, same publisher, 1948.
Judge, William Quan (1851-1896). *E.S.T. Circular: “By Master’s Direction,” issued November, 1894.—*Excerpts from Letters. 419Published in The Word, New York (ed. by Harold W. Percival), Vol. XV, April, 1912, pp. 17-18.—*Practical Occultism. From the Private Letters of W. Q. Judge. Pasadena, Calif.: Theos. University Press, 1951. 307 pp.
Juvenal. Decimus Junius Juvenalis (ca. 60-ca. 140 a.d.). *Satires. Loeb Classical Library.
King, Charles William (1818-1888). *The Gnostics and Their Remains. London, 1864. 8vo; 2nd ed., with bibliogr. appendix by J. Jacobs. London: D. Nutt, 1887. 8vo. xxiii, 466 pp.
Kingsland, William. English engineer, scientist and author, b. at Devizes in Wiltshire, May 5, 1855, at 8:40 a.m. His father, a Congregational Minister at Devizes, came from Kent, and died of rapid consumption when 49. His mother, however, lived to be 93. In 1862, the family moved to Bradford in Yorkshire, where William, his sister (later Mrs. Mary Higgs, M.A., well known for her social work) and his brother were brought up, first by their parents, and later in Bradford High School, where William entered when 14. As he has remarked himself, “not having any intellectual qualifications for any profession, it was decided that I should go into the Bradford trade.” Accordingly, at the age of 16, he went to the firm of A. & S. Henry & Co., as office boy at 5 shillings per week, to sweep and dust out the office every morning. About a year later, he was transferred to the warehouse for similar duties.
At about this time a profound psychological change took place in him, and he woke up to the deeper issues of life. He began to study and educate himself, attending evening classes and reading scientific works. His work became to him a soul-killing drudgery; he had no desire to become wealthy, but he wanted to know and to experience, and describes himself as an idealist, “deeply responsive to the call of the beauties of nature, to music, and to art.” For a while longer he endured the “purgatory” of the warehouse, but at 22 he took a job in a music shop. For some time past, he had studied music and some recitals by the great Rubinstein had fired him to study and practice with redoubled vigour; he soon realized, however, that he had begun too late in life to develop the necessary technique.
His attention had been called to a prospectus of the School of Submarine Telegraphy in London which offered training and a future position. He decided to take the course, his mother helping him with the expenses. He entered the School August 23, 1879, and the following March passed his final examinations with honours in operative signalling and electrical testing. At about the same time, he became an Associate of the Society of Telegraph Engineers, later the Institution of Electrical Engineers, of which he became a full member in 1896.
420 Instead of entering the Submarine Cable Service, as he had intended at first, he was offered an appointment with the Telephone Company, then just establishing the first London Telephone Exchange in Coleman Street, E.C. There were only 12 subscribers at the time. Soon after, he was sent to Manchester and then to Glasgow and Edinburgh in connection with the establishment of Exchanges there.
In March, 1881, he left Glasgow and went to London to take up an appointment with the Brush Electric Light Company, and until 1884 superintended various installations of electric light in different parts of the country, such as Scarborough, Chesterfield, Exhibitions at the Crystal Palace, the Dome at Brighton, etc. In 1884 he returned to London and took up some experimental work with Desmond D. Fitzgerald on a new form of secondary battery plates, subsequently marketed under the name of Lithanode. He remained with the firm until about 1888.
On Feb. 4, 1885, William Kingsland married at St. Giles, Edinburgh, Phoebe Edmonstone, daughter of Dr. Robert Chambers of the well-known publishing firm of that city. After 41 years of married life, during which his wife shared with him many vicissitudes, she passed away April 11, 1926.
It was in 1888 that William Kingsland established his first contact with the Theosophical Movement. He writes: “.....I must now refer to an event which took place on the 2nd of June of that year, and which proved to be the turning point of my whole life. That event was a first visit to Madame H. P. Blavatsky, who was then living in London and gathering round her an earnest group of eager students of her teachings. I had previously read some of her writings, as also those of Mr. A. P. Sinnett expounding the teachings of the Tibetan Masters or Mahatmas, and they had made a very strong appeal both to my intellect and to my intuition; in fact I might say that they appealed to me with a strange familiarity, as of something previously known but put away or forgotten. I think this can only be accounted for on the theory of reincarnation and acquaintance with the teachings in a previous life. . . .”[1]
He threw himself with great zeal into the study and work which was then going on in the Theosophical Society in London and soon became a very important worker in it; he was only 33 at the time. In January, 1889, he was elected President of the Blavatsky Lodge, to be succeeded by Annie Besant on September 30, 1890. He was also a member of H. P. B.’s Inner Group.
In 1891, Kingsland published his first works: The Mystic Quest. A Tale of Two Incarnations (London: Allen & Unwin. 215 pp.), and the First part of The Esoteric Basis of Christianity (London:
421
Theos. Publ. Society. 38 pp.), which appeared in April of that year. This was originally a paper read before the Blavatsky Lodge, and was followed in 1893 by the Second Part, treating mainly of Genesis (51 pp.). In 1895, the same Publishers issued another edition which combined both Parts of this essay (195 pp.).
In 1892, after the passing of H. P. B., Kingsland went to North Wales, on account of his wife’s health, and settled down at Llandudno as an electrical contractor on his own. He remained there until 1899, when, having taken some patents for a system of electric tramway working, he removed to London. He formed a Company for that purpose and was actively engaged in this type of activity until 1904. The Company, however, was not a commercial success, although the system itself became rather widely known under the title of The Kingsland Mechanical Surface Contact System of Electric Traction. A successful trial section was installed at Dresden, but various difficulties ensued, and the Company was finally dissolved. During this period the Kings- lands resided mainly in the Midlands.
At the time of the so-called “Judge Case,” in 1894-95, Kingsland had sided with Col. Olcott and Annie Besant, though without any bitterness; but in 1909, he resigned his membership in The Theosophical Society along with many other prominent members, being in strong disagreement with the attitude and policies adopted at the time by Annie Besant who had succeeded Col. Olcott as President of the T.S.
From 1905, Kingsland gave himself up entirely to literary work, and commenced writing what he considered to be his most important work to date, Scientific Idealism, which was published in 1909 (London: Robman Ltd. 427 pp.). The year before, he had written a small booklet entitled A Child's Story of Atlantis (London: Theos. Publ. Soc., 84 pp.), embodying certain information about the sunken continent and its civilization given by a child in a peculiar state of psychic receptivity.
In 1910 Kingsland published his work on The Physics of the Secret Doctrine (London: Theos. Publ. Soc., 152 pp; reviewed in The Theos., Vol. XXX, Aug., 1910, p. 1475). This work, while somewhat out of date now, is still valuable as a succinct presentation of the relation which exists between modern science and the bases of the Esoteric Philosophy.
The following year Kingsland once more took up electrical work and joined The Leitner Electrical Co., doing extensive business in train and car lighting. He stayed with this firm until the outbreak of World War I. In January, 1915, he joined the Middlesex Volunteer Regiment to place his knowledge of signalling at the service of the country, and worked his way up from a private to the Company Commander in twelve months. In December, 1916, the Volunteers having been incorporated with the Territorial Forces, he was given a commission as Lieutenant.
422 In June, 1917, he obtained an appointment with the Metropolitan Munitions Committee, and was responsible for the inspection and checking of defective material in shells and fuses in various stages of production. He continued this work until March, 1919.
After this interlude, Kingsland once more resumed his literary activity, more particularly the writing of his Rational Mysticism which was published in 1924 (London: George Allen & Unwin. 431 pp.).
In 1921, Kingsland moved for permanent residence to Ryde, in the Isle cf Wight, and immersed himself completely in writing. As time went on, Kingsland became interested in the work of Mrs. Alice Leighton Cleather in defence of H. P. B. and her teachings, through the publication of her three books, and various articles appearing at the time. The “Back to Blavatsky ” movement was strong at the time, and it was natural that Mrs. Cleather and William Kingsland should be drawn together after years of independent work with the same object in view. After much correspondence, they agreed to form the Blavatsky Association to perpetuate the memory of H. P. B. and defend her name and work whenever possible. The Association was formally organized in London by thirty persons, November 13, 1923. In the absence of Mrs. Cleather in India, Kingsland and the Hon. Iona Davey drew up the Rules and Constitution and submitted them to Mrs. Cleather. Mrs. Davey remained Hon. Secretary until she died in 1946; it is at her home at 26 Bedford Gardens, London, that the Association held its meetings and had a valuable library available to students. The weekly classes consisted chiefly of the study of H. P. B.’s writings and of The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. The “H. P. B. Defence Committee” of the Association published a number of defences against the slanders of the Society for Psychical Research, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and others. There was a good membership drawn from people who were either new to the teachings or those who had become sickened by existing conflicts within the Theosophical Organizations, and were looking for the genuine teachings of the Ancient Wisdom. The Blavatsky Association ceased to exist in 1945.
From the time he removed to Ryde, to the end of Kingsland’s life, appeared the following works from his pen: Our Infinite Life (London: Allen & Unwin, 1922. 200 pp.); An Anthology of Mysticism (London: Methuen & Co., 1927. 305 pp.); The Real H. P. Blavatsky, A Study in Theosophy, and a Memoir of a Great Soul (London: John M. Watkins, 1928. 322 pp.). This is by far the best survey of H. P. B.’s life and work, written sympathetically by one of her personal pupils. It includes as an Appendix “A Critical Analysis of the 1885 Report of the Society for Psychical Research,” first published in October, 1927, as a separate pamphlet of The Blavatsky Association, under the title of Was She a Charlatan? Then came Christos, The Religion of the Future (London: John M. Watkins, 1929. 423123 pp.) and Part I of The Great Pyramid in Fact and in Theory (London: Rider & Co., 1932. 125 pp., ill.), Part II being published in 1935 (140 pp., ill.). This work was the outcome of a three months’ visit to Egypt at the beginning of 1931, and is one of the best surveys of the mathematical problems and the theoretical and philosophical implications in connection with the Great Pyramid, against the background of the Esoteric Philosophy. The last work of Kingsland to appear in his life-time was The Art of Life and How to Conquer Old Age (London: The C. W. Daniel Co., 1934. 102 pp.). This little booklet includes an autobiographical Appendix.
At the end of the year 1935 Kingsland concluded his Manuscript on the Gnosis in Christian Scriptures, which was published posthumously in 1937 under the title: The Gnosis or Ancient Wisdom in the Christian Scriptures, or The Wisdom in a Mystery (London: Geo. Allen & Unwin. 230 pp.; second impression, 1954; fifth impr, 1962.)
In addition to his larger works, Kingsland issued a number of valuable pamphlets which were published in the Theosophical Siftings between 1888-95. Among them should be mentioned: The Higher Science; Theosophy and Orthodoxy; Theosophy and Dogma; The Mission of Theosophy; Freewill and Karma. At a much later date, he engaged in a lively controversy with Dr. G. de Purucker, then Leader of the Point Loma Theosophical Society, on the subject of the basic principles of Theosophy and issued two pamphlets entitled: Essentials and Non-Essentials of a Theosophical Organization (24 pp.), and Work of a Theosophical Organization (32 pp.).
William Kingsland passed away at Ryde, on Feb. 6, 1936, at 6 p.m., after a two months’ illness, in his eighty-first year.
The range of William Kingsland’s writings was very wide, but among the many subjects of which he treated, the chief one was the synthesizing of the discoveries of modern science with the teachings of the Ancient Wisdom and the experiences of genuine mystics. His works have been widely read and constitute a most valuable addition to the rapidly growing body of occult literature.
“While Mr. Kingsland’s influence, both in—and outside—the Movement was deep and widespread, his personality was always kept in the background, and was known to few beyond a small circle of friends and associates. He never attempted to impose himself on others nor to recruit a following. He spoke little, but always to the point, and never talked about himself. In appearance he was inconspicuous—small and slightly-built, though muscular and athletic. He had enormous capacity for work; and, during his eighth decade, when most men are fit only to rest, his literary output was immense. His best books were written when over seventy. Even as lately as the Summer of 1935, when turned eighty, he played tennis, practised gymnastics, drove a car, and ran a mile every day before breakfast. In a word, he had discovered the secret of an ordered life, in which spiritual, intellectual, and physical activities were perfectly balanced.
424 “In the Theosophical Movement, as in the world outside it, there are mystics, intellectuals, and good people of both sexes; but only a tiny minority combine intellect, mystical insight and ethical practice in clear focus and right proportion. Of this minority William Kingsland was one.”[2]
Lactantius, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus (260?-325). *Divinarum Institutionum Libri VII (Divine Institutes). Migne, Patr. Curs. Compl., Ser. Lat., Vol. VI.
Lambert, Franz. *“Die altägyptische Seelenlehre,” Sphinx, Leipzig, Vol. IV, 1887; French tr., Le Lotus, III, Apr., May, June, 1888. —*“Hypnotismus und Electrizität im alten Ägypten,” Sphinx, Vol. V, Jan., 1888; Engi, tr., The Theos., XIV, Dec., 1892.—*“Weisheit der Ägypter,” Sphinx, Vol. VII, Jan., Feb., Apr., June, 1889.
Leonard, Georgia Louise. *“The Occult Sciences in the Temples of Ancient Egypt,” Open Court, Sept.., Oct., 1887.
Loudon, John Claudius. Scottish horticulturist, b. at Cambuslang, Lanarkshire, April. 8, 1783; d. at Bayswater, London, Dec. 14, 1843. Son of a Scottish farmer; ed. at Edinburgh; became apprentice to a landscape gardener at the age of 14. Began gardening in England, 1803, and worked at Tew Park in the Co. of Oxford, 1806-12. Travelled extensively on the continent to study gardening and farming. Returned to England and acquired great reputation by his numerous works on agriculture, horticulture, etc., which went through several editions. The best known ones are: Encyclopaedia of Gardening, London, 1822. 8vo; Encycl. of Agriculture, ibid., 1825. 8vo; Encycl. of Plants, ibid., 1829. 8vo. Founded 4 periodicals and edited them until 1838, when heavy debts obliged him to relinquish his editorial work. Despite crippling illness, he took up landscape gardening again and worked ceaselessly to the time of his death. Greatly helped by his wife Jane who was herself a botanical writer.
MacKenzie, Kenneth Robert Henderson (?-1886). Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” Founder of present Order of Rosicrucians in England and author of the rare work entitled *The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites, Symbolism and Biography, London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
425 *Mahdvamsa. Ed. by Wilhelm Geiger. London: for Pali Text Society, Oxford Univ. Press, 1908 (Roman). PTS 63.—Tr. by Wilhelm Geiger and Mabel Bode. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. PTS., transl. ser. (3.). [bothat Y.C. NYP. JHU. Pea. Cong. Cl. Ch. H.].
Marcellus I, Pope. Son of Benedict, a Roman priest. Succeeded Marcellinus (d. 304) as Bishop of Rome, acc. to Pagi, June 30, 308, after several years during which the post was vacant. Held the position, however, only some 18 months, and died sometime in 309. Endeavoured to restore ecclesiastical discipline which had become very much relaxed during the persecutions under Diocletian. Organized for this purpose upward of 20 dioceses in Rome, the incumbents of which were to administer to converts from heathenism the sacraments of baptism and penance. They were also bound to attend to the burial of martyrs. This angered Maxentius; by his command Marcellus was ordered to resign as Bishop and to sacrifice to the gods; this he refused to do. He was then imprisoned and condemned to work as a slave in the imperial stables. Some nine months later, he was freed by his clergy, and concealed in the house of a Roman matron named Lucinia, who later converted the house into a church. Maxentius was so angry that he commanded the church to be turned into a stable, and condemned Marcellus to the lowest employment about the stables. Marcellus is said by tradition to have died a martyr, though there is no definite proof of this. He is commemorated January 16th.
Miller, Joaquin (pseud, of Cincinnatus Heine—1841-1913). American poet born in Indiana and educated for law. After experiences in mining and journalism, settled down as judge in Oregon, 1866, and began to write verse. Travelled in Europe, 1870, and published in 1871 his first volume of poetry, Songs of the Sierras. This was followed by Songs of the Sunlands, 1873. Returning from Europe, he became a journalist in Washington, but in 1887 returned to California, and died at Oakland. In compliance with his wishes, his body was cremated and the ashes taken up into the Sierras and cast to the winds. Complete Poetical Works, San Francisco, 1902.
Mirville, Jules Eudes, Marquis de (1802-1873). *Pneumatologie. Des Esprits, etc. Vide Volume VII, p. 384 for full particulars about this work.
Moor, Major Edward (1771-1848). *Hindoo Pantheon. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1810. 4to. xiv, 451 pp. The “ new edition ” of Madras, 1864, lacks the plates H. P. B. refers to in several of her writings. Vide Volume VII, p. 384 for biographical and other data about the author.
426 *Moses, Magical Books of. No information available.
Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907). *Old Diary Leaves. Series II and III. London: Theos. Publ. Society; Madras: The Theosophist Office, 1900 and 1904 resp. Later editions also.
Oliphant, Laurence (1829-1888). *Scientific Religion, or higher possibilities of life and practice through the operation of natural forces....Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1888. 8vo. xiii, 473 pp. Vide Vol. VII pp. 386-87 for biogr. sketch of the author.
Omar KhayyAm (?-1123?). *Rubdiyat. Many editions. Ovid. Passage not identified.
Patrizi, Constantin. Italian prelate, b. at Siena, Sept., 4, 1798; d. Dec. 17, 1876. Scion of noble family; rose rapidly in rank and influence; became bishop, 1834; two years later, cardinal, and in 1841, vicar-general of the Pope. Instrumental in electing Pius IX, remaining his intimate companion for years, and influencing many of his decisions. Outspoken foe of the Jesuits. Later Dean of the Sacred College.
Poole, Reginald Edward (1832-1895). British archaeologist and numismatologist, educated in Egypt; in early youth associated himself with the Dpt. of Antiquities in the British Museum. When the Dpt. of Coins was organized, 1861, he became its associate director, and in 1870 director. He was also one of the Governors of University of London. Apart from a large number of articles in various scientific journals, he published several works on Coins, the most important being the Official Catalogue of Greek, Roman, Oriental and English Coins, 1873-85. 19 vols.
Prel, Freiherr Karl L. A. du (1839-1899). *Die Philosophic der Mystik. Leipzig: E. Gunther, 1884. xii, 548 pp.; Engl. tr. by C.C. Massey. London: George Redway, 1889. 2 vols.
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich (1799-1837). *Ruslan and Ludmila. A romantic epic, completed in 1820.
Saint-Martin, Louis-Claude, Marquis de (1743-1803). *Correspondance, Paris, 1862. 2 vols. 8vo.
Sayce, Archibald Henry. British Orientalist, b. at Shirehampton, Sept. 25, 1845, son of Rev. H. S. Sayce, vicar of Caldicot; d. 1933. Educ. at Bath and Queen’s College, Oxford; became a fellow, 1869. Prof, of Assyriology at Oxford, 1891-1919. Although his 427conclusions have been modified since, it is impossible to overestimate his services to Oriental scholarship. Travelled widely in the East. Member of Old Testament Revision Company, 1874-84. Deputy prof, of compar. philology, Oxford, 1876-90. Hibbert Lecturer, 1887. Gifford Lecturer, 1900-02. Chief Works: Assyrian Grammar. London: Triibner & Co., 1872.—The Principles of Comparative Philology, ibid., 1875.—The Egypt of the Hebrews and Herodotus. London: Rivington, Percival & Co., 1896.—The Religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1902.—The Ancient Empires of the East. New York: C. Scribner’s sons, 1884; many subs, ed.,—Monuments of the Hittites, 1881.
Schaff, Philipp (1819-1893). *A History of the Creeds of Christendom, with translations. London, 1877. 3 vols. 8vo. Also in the Theological and Philosophical Library, etc., 1872, etc.
Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840-1921). *The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, etc. Transcribed, Compiled and with an Introd, by A. T. Barker. London: T. Fisher Unwin, December, 1923; New York: Frederick A. Stokes; xxxv, 492 pp.; 2nd rev. ed., London: Rider & Co., 1926; 8th impr., London: Rider & Co., 1948; 3rd. rev. ed., Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1962. xliii, 524 New enlarged Index.—*The Occult World. London: Triibner & Co., 1881; 1st Amer, ed., New York & Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1885.—*Esoteric Buddhism. London: Triibner & Co, 1883; many subs, editions.
Skinner, J. Ralston. *Key to the Hebrew-Egyptian Mystery in the Source of Measures, etc. Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co., 1875. xvi, 324 pp.; new ed., with a 63 pp. Supplement, 1894; another ed., Philadelphia, Penna.; David McKay Co., 1931.
Sterne, Laurence. English humourist, b. at Clonmel, Ireland, Nov. 24, 1713; d. in London, March 18, 1768. For ten years the boy and his mother moved from place to place with the regiment of his father. Went to school at Halifax in Yorkshire, then was sent to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took his degree, 1736. Through the influence of his uncle, canon of York, he obtained, 1738, the living of Sutton-in-the Forest, pear York; this was his residence for twenty uneventful years. He suddenly leaped to fame with the first volumes of Tristram Shandy, published Jan. 1, 1760. He continued to build up the history of the Shandy family through several succeeding volumes, the ninth and last appearing in 1767. He also published two volumes entitled The Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy.
Stevens, A. de Grasse. *Miss Hildreth. A Novel, 1888. No information available.
428 Street, J. G. *The Hidden Way Across the Threshold. Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1887.
Subba Row, T. (1856-1890). *Esoteric Writings of T. Subba Row. collected by Tookaram Tatya. Bombay: Bombay Theos. Public. Fund, 1895; rev. & enl. ed., Adyar, Madras: Theos. Publ. House, 1931.—*Notes on the Bhagavad-Gita. Best ed. is the one publ. by Theos. University Press, Point Loma, Calif., in 1934. Vide Vol. V, p. 271, for more complete data about these Lectures.
Thrason. Christian Martyr; he was a rich man who supplied the Christians working at the Thermae of Diocletian, and other public works in Rome. Constructed the cemetery on the new Salarian Way (now under the Villa Massimi); was tried under Maximianus and beheaded with his two companions Pontianus and Praetextatus. His feast is on Dec. 11th.
Vedder, Elihu. American painter, b. in New York, Feb. 26, 1836; d. in Rome, Jan. 29, 1923. Studied under the genre and historical painter Tompkins H. Matteson, and under Picot, in Paris; later in Italy, 1857-61. After 1867, lived in Rome. Acquired renown after the publication, 1884, of his illustrations to the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Important decorative work came at a later date, such as the mosaic “Minerva” in the Congressional Library at Washington, D.C. A few days before his death, his book, Doubt and Other Things, was published.
Virgil. Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 b.c.). *Aeneid. Loeb Classical Library.
*Vishnu-Purdna. Ed. by Jivananda Vidyasagara. Calcutta: Saraswati Press, 1882 [Cl. MB.].—Trans, by H. H. Wilson, Ed. by Fitzedward Hall. London: Triibner & Co., 1864, 65, 66, 68, 70. Works of the late H. H. Wilson [Y. AOS. NYP. Pea. Cong. H.].
Weber, Albrecht (1825-1901). Vide Vol. V, pp. 383-84, for biographical and other data.
Zacharias, Saint (or Zachary). Pope from 741 to 752. Greek by birth; appears to have been on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded. Contemporary history dwells chiefly on his great personal influence with the Lombard king Luitprand, and his successor Rachis, which resulted in the exarchate of Ravenna being rescued from becoming part of the Lombard kingdom. His correspondence with St. Boniface, the apostle of Germany, is still extant. Zacharias encouraged the deposition of Childeric, and it was with his sanction that Boniface crowned Pippin as king of the Franks at Soissons, 752. He died March 14, 752, and was succeeded by Stephen II. His letters and decrees may be found in Migne, Patrolog. lat., Ixxxix, p. 917-60.
429
Birmingham Post, Birmingham, England.
Ceylon Observer.
Fortnightly Review. Edited by G. H. Lewes. London, 1865, etc.
Grajdanine. Political and literary paper. St. Petersburg, Russia. Founded in 1872 as a weekly; became a daily in 1887; reactionary in nature.
Harper’s Magazine, New York,. 1850, etc.
Heladiw Ruwana (“Ceylon Gem”), started by the Ceylon Buddhist Publication Society, 1888.
Hestia. Wellington, New Zealand, journal, founded by E. T. Sturdy, F.T.S., about Summer, 1888.
Isis. Organ of the French Theos. Society.
Lady’s Pictorial. A newspaper for the home. London, 1881-1921.
Light: a Journal of Spiritual Progress and Psychic Research. London. Founded by E. Dawson Rogers. Edited for some years by Rev. W. Stainton Moses, pseud.: “M.A. (Oxon.).” First issue, Jan. 7, 1881. In progress.
London Star, London, England.
Masonic Monthly. London, July-December, 1882.
Open Court. Quarterly. Chicago, 1887-1936.
Pall Mall Gazette, The. Evening newspaper and review. London, 1873, etc.
Revue des Deux-Mondes. Paris. Founded in 1831. In progress.
St. James’ Gazette. London daily; founded 1880. Merged with the Evening Standard, 1905.
430 Sphinx. Leipzig, Germany. Ed. by Dr. Wm. Hiibbe-Schleiden, 1886-1896. Twenty-two volumes. Supers, by the Metaphysische Rundschau.
Times. London, England.
Truthseeker, The. A journal of freethought and reform. New York, 1873, etc.
Wade's Fibre and Fabric. Boston, Mass., founded in 1885.
Word, The. New York. Vols. I-XXV, Oct., 1904—Sept., 1917. Ed. by Harold W. Percival.
Footnotes