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'''Hilgenfeld, Adolf'''. Eminent German Protestant theologian of the Tübingen school, b. June 2, 1823, at Stappenbeck; d. Jan. 12, 1907, at Jena. Educ. at Berlin and Halle. Privat docent, 1847; Prof, at Jena, 1850; hon. prof., 1869. Editor of the Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie, since 1858. Author of: Die Evangelien nach ihrer Entstehung und geschichtlichen Bedeutung. Leipzig, 1854, 8vo.—Novum Testamentum extra canonem receptum, 4 fase. Leipzig, 1866. 8vo.; 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1876.—Die Ketzergeschichte des Urchristenthums. Leipzig, Altenburg, 1884. 8vo. | |||
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'''Howard, John'''. English philanthropist and reformer, b. Hackney, London, Sept. 2, 1726(?); d. Kherson, Russia, Jan. 20, 1790. As High Sheriff of Bedfordshire, 1773, discovered many abuses in the management of jails; due to his efforts, Parliament enacted, 1774, several reforms; other reforms resulted from his work, The State of the Prisons in England and IT ales, 1777. Travelled widely through Europe inspecting prisons. Howard League for Penal Reform became powerful body in Britain. Due to his influence, the Philadelphia Soc. for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, first of its kind in U.S.A., was established. He died in Russia of camp fever during one of his inspection trips. | |||
Passage quoted from his writings has not been identified, owing to lack of any reference whatsoever. | |||
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'''Hunter, John'''. Scottish surgeon and physician, b. Long Calderwood, Lanarkshire, Feb. 13, 1728; d. London, Oct. 16, 1793. Studied surgical pathology at Chelsea Hosp., London, 1749-50; made original observations. Staff surgeon in France and Portugal, 1760-63. Returned to London and started practice as surgeon. Appointed surgeon to St. George’s Hosp., 1768. Investigated various lines of research in pathology, comp, anatomy and physiology. Appointed inspector general of hospitals and surgeon general to the army, 1790. Built museum with upward of 10,000 specimens. This was purchased by the Government and presented to Royal Coll, of Surgeons. Works: Natural History of the Human Teeth, 1771; Treaties on the Venereal Diseases, 1786; Treaties on the Blood, etc., 1794. Complete Works publ. by Palmer, 1838. | |||
Passage quoted from him has not been identified owing to lack of definite reference as to source. | |||
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'''Irenaeus, Saint (130?-202?)'''. Greek Bishop of Lyons. *Adversus Haereses. Text in Migne, PCC. English transl. in Ante-Nicean Fathers (q.v.). | |||
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'''Jacolliot, Louis (1837-1890)'''. *L'Initiation et les sciences occultes dans l’Inde et chez tous les peuples de l’antiquité. Paris: 1875. 8-vo. | |||
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'''Jerdan, William'''. London journalist of Scottish birth, b. 1782 at Kelso; d. 1869. Left his native place for a writer’s office in Edinburgh. {{Page aside|439}}Went to London, 1806, to engage in newspaper work. Made himself famous as the reporter who apprehended Spencer Perceval’s assassin in the lobby of the House of Commons. Editor of the Literary Gazette, 1817-50; sole owner of it since 1842. In intimate association with leading literary men of the time. Helped to establish Royal Society of Literature, 1821. Author of: Autobiography, London, 1852-53, 4 vols. 8vo;—Men I Have Known. London, 1866, 8vo. | |||
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'''Jinarajadasa, C. (1875-1953)'''. *Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, 1881-1888. Transcribed and Compiled by C. J. First Series. With a Foreword by Annie Besant. Adyar, Madras: Theos. Publishing House, 1919. 124 pp.; 2nd ed. 1923; 3rd ed. 1945; 4th ed., with new and additional Letters, covering period 1870-1900, 1948.—*Second Series, Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1925; Chicago: The Theos. Press, 1926. 205 pp., facs. | |||
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'''Jin-Ch’an (Bonze)'''. *The Buddhist Cosmos. No information available. | |||
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Keys of the Creeds, The'''. By a Roman Catholic priest. No information available. | |||
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'''Kiddle, Henry'''. *The Present Outlook of Spiritualism,” lecture delivered at a Spiritualist Camp Meeting at Lake Pleasant, August 15, 1880, and published the same month in The Banner of Light, Boston, Mass.—*Letter to the Editor of Light; Vol. Ill, September 1, 1883, p. 392. | |||
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'''Kingsford, Dr. Anna Bonus (1846-1888) and Edward Maitland (1824-1897)'''. *The Perfect Way, or the Finding of Christ. London, 1882. 8-vo. Rev. and enl. ed., pp. xxiii, 397. London: Field and Tuer, 1887. 8-vo.—*A Letter Addressed to the Fellows of the London Lodge of The Theosophical Society, by the President and the VicePresident of the Lodge. Contains also section entitled “Remarks and Propositions Suggested by the Perusal of Esoteric Buddhism,” by Edward Maitland, and an Open Letter from Dr. A. B. Kingsford to Col. Henry S. Olcott, dated Oct. 31, 1883. Privately printed by Bunny and Davis, Shrewsbury, England, Dec., 1883. 39 pp. | |||
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'''Lane, Edward William (1801-1876)'''. *An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians, written in Egypt during the years 1833, 1834, and 1835. London: C. Knight and Co., 1836. 2 vols., ill., pl.—*The Thousand and One Nights, commonly called, in England, The Arabian Nights’ entertainments. A new translation from the Arabic, with copious notes. London: C. Knight and Co., 1839-41. 3 vols. Many later editions. | |||
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'''Levi, Éliphas (1810-1875)'''—pseud, of the Abbé Alphonse Louis Constant. *Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie. Paris: G. Baillière, 1856. 2 vols. English transi, by Arthur E. Waite as Transcendental Magic, Its Doctrine and Ritual. With a Biographical Preface. Chicago: {{Page aside|440}}Laurence, Scott and Co., 1910.—*Paradoxes of the Highest Science. Transí, by A. 0. Hume, with Comments by Master K. H. (“E.O.”). Calcutta, 1883; 2nd ed. by C. Jinaräjadasa. Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1922. | |||
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'''Lillie, Arthur (1831-?)'''. *Buddha and Early Buddhism. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1882. xiv, 256 pp., ill.—*“Koot Hoomi,” Letter to the Editor of Light, Vol. IV, No. 192, September 6, 1884, p. 366. | |||
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'''Llórente, Juan Antonio'''. Spanish historian; b. March 30, 1756; d. at Madrid, Feb. 5, 1823. Ordained priest, 1779; rose to high Church Office. Advocate of Council of Castile, 1781. Vicar General of Calahorra, 1782. General Sec’y of Spanish Inquisition, 1789. Canon of chief Church, Toledo, 1806. Voltairian infiltration into Spain enlightened him; he joined the French, and was banished, 1813. Wrote in France his outspoken Historia Critica de la Inquisición de España, 1822. 10 vols. (abridged and tr. into Engl, as The History of the Inquisition of Spain. London, 1826. 583 pp.; also 1827). Suspended and forbidden to teach. Wrote then the antipapal work: Portraits politiques des Papes. Expelled from France; went to Madrid and died shortly after arrival. | |||
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'''Lücke, G. C. Friedrich (1791-1885)'''. *Versuch einer vollständigen Einleitung in die Offenbarung des Johannes, etc. 2nd ed., Bonn, 1848-52. 8vo. | |||
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'''Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn'''. Anglo-Indian administrator and writer; b. Jan. 4, 1835, at Coulsdon, Surrey; d. 1911. Educ. at Eton and Haileybury. Entered Bengal civil service, 1855, and saw service during the Mutiny, at Meerut, Rohil-Khand and elsewhere. His promotion was rapid: appointed commissioner of Nagpur, 1865; and of West Berar, 1867; made Home Secretary to the Government of India, 1873; app. governor-general’s agent in Raj putaña, 1874. Drew up a Statistical Account or Gazetteer of Berar and Raj putaña, first work of this kind. Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1878. Resigned, 1881, and was made K.C.B. He was then lieutenant-governor of the N.W.P. and Oudh, where he administered Lord Ripon’s local self-government scheme, and carried out many imp. legislative reforms. Upon retirement from service, 1887, became member of India Council in London, strongly advocating development of self-government. Privy Councillor on retirement from India Office, 1902. Trustee of the British Museum, 1911. Chief Works: The Rise and Expansion of the British Dominion in India. London: J. Murray, 1893. 4th ed., 1907.—Warren Hastings. London and New York: Macmillan & Co., 1889.—The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. 2 vols. London: J. Murray, 1905.— Asiatic Studies, religious and social, 1882, and 1899, dealing mainly with comparative study of religions, showing deep insight into Indian life and character. | |||
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'''Markham, Sir Clements Roberts'''. English geographer and historical writer; b. July 20, 1830 at Stillingfleet, near York; d. in London, Jan. 30, 1916. Went to Westminster School; entered the navy, 1844; lieutenant in 1851; served, 1850-51, on the Franklin search expedition in Artic regions. Retired from navy, 1852, and travelled in Peru and the forests of the eastern Andes. Entered Civil Service, 1853; appointed on the board of control of East India Company, 1854. In South America again, 1860, in order to arrange for the introduction of the cinchona plant into India. In Ceylon and India, 1865. In charge of the geographical section of the India Office, 1867-77. In later years travelled extensively in western Asia and the U.S.A. Elected, 1893, Pres, of the Royal Geographical Soc., retaining office for 12 years. Mainly responsible for finding funds for the Antarctic expedition under Capt. Robert Scott, 1901. Chief Works: Peru, 1880.—Life of Richard 111, 1906.— Lives of several outstanding figures, such as Admiral Fairfax, Adm. John Markham, Columbus, etc.—The Lands of Silence, an important history of Arctic and Antarctic explorations published posthumously, 1921,—*Edited the Narratives of the Mission of Geo. Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa, London, 1876. 8vo.—Various introductions and notes to scholarly works by others, and some 70 papers in scientific journals. | |||
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'''Mitford, Godolphin'''. Vide for Biographical Sketch and writings, pp. 241-244 of the present volume. | |||
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'''Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1818-1899)'''. *Indian Wisdom·, or, Examples of the religious, philosophical, and ethical doctrines of the Hindûs; with a brief history of the chief departments of Sanskrit literature, and some account of the past and present condition of India, moral and intellectual. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1875. xlviii, 542 pp.; 2nd ed., 1875; 3rd ed., 1876; 4th ed., 1893. | |||
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'''Neff, Mary K. (1877-1848)'''. *How Theosophy Came to Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Austr.: Austr. Section T.S., 1943. xi, 99 pp. Ill. *The “Brothers” of Madame Blavatsky. Theos. Puhi. House, Adyar, India, 1932. 125 pp. | |||
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'''Novikov, Olga Alexeyevna de, née Kireyev (1840-1924)'''. Russian writer and proponent of political and other reforms. Lived for many years in England, writing both in English and Russian. Became part of English literary and political circles. Tried to influence English opinion towards a conservative Slavophil direction. She was the widow of Lt.-General Ivan Petrovich Novikov, Superintendent of the Educational District of Kiev, and later (1885) of St. Petersburg. She had two brothers: Alexander A., and Nicholas A. Kireyev. She wrote under the initials O.K. Madame Novikov was a warm friend of H. P. B. for a number of years, {{Page aside|442}}as is evidenced from some of H. P. B.’s letters. She was related to the Aksakov Family and the Homyakovs. Chief Works: Russia and England: A Protest and an Appeal, London, 1880. It tended towards a rapprochement between the two countries and was greatly favored by Gladstone.—Is Russia Wrong? London, 1878.—Friends or Foes, London, 1879.—Skobelev and the Slavonic Cause, London, 1884.—Many articles in Russian Journals, such as Russkoye Obozreniye.—Russian Memories. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1916. | |||
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'''Ogilvie, John'''. English lexicographer, b. in parish of Marnoch, Banffshire, April 17, 1797; d. of typhoid fever at Aberdeen, 21 Nov., 1867. Son of farmers; elementary educ. at home and parish school; worked as ploughman until 21. Leg amputated above knee, 1818. Taught in two subscription schools. Prepared for University with the help of a schoolmaster; entered Marischal College, Aberdeen, Oct., 1824. Engaged in private tuition for sake of income. Graduated as M.A., 1828. Tutoring until 1831. Appointed mathem. master in Gordon’s Hospital, Aberdeen. Marischal Coll, conferred on him honorary LL.D., 1848. Retained mastership until 1859. Messrs. Blackie engaged him, 1838, to rev. and enlarge Webster’s English Diet., which resulted in the *Imperial Dictionary, English, Technical and Scientific, issued in parts snee 1847 onward, and publ. complete, 1850, with a Supplement, 1855. He also published several other important Dictionaries. | |||
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'''Olcott, Col. Henry Steel (1832-1907)'''. *A Buddhist Catechism, according to the Canon of the Southern Church. English and Sinhalese, Colombo, Ceylon: Buddhist Theosophical Society, 1881. Many subsequent editions.—'Diaries. Col. H. S. Olcott’s Diaries in the Adyar Archives. 30 vols.—'Letter to Miss Francesca Arun- dale, dated February 2, 1885. The Theosophist, September, 1932. 'Old Diary Leaves. The True History of The Theosophical Society. Vol. I. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons; Madras: The Theosophist, 1895. x, 491 pp. pl. Vols. II, III, IV, V, and VI, publ. by the Theos. Society (Adyar), 1900-1935.—*People from the Other World. Ill. by Alfred Kappes and T. W. Williams, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Co., 1875. 492 pp. | |||
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'''Ozanam, Jacques'''. French mathematician, b. at Bouligneux (Dombes), 1640; d. at Paris, April 3, 1717. Belonged to a Jewish family converted to Christianity. Was intended for an ecclesiastical profession, but showed early great aptitudes for mathematics; wrote his first work when only 15. Lived for a time at Lyons, teaching mathematics; published there his Tables of sinuses, etc., 1870; established himself then at Paris, through some service he had rendered to a foreigner. Became very well known, acquiring the respect of Leibnitz on acc. of his treaties on algebra. Inspite of {{Page aside|443}}success of his works, led a very hard life. Became, 1701, member of the Académie des Sciences. Died of apoplexy. Other Works: Traité de gnomique, Lyon, 1673. 12°.—Géométrie pratique, Paris, 1684, republished several times.—Dictionnaire mathématique, Paris, 1691. 4to. — Nouvelle trigonométrie, 1698.—Nouveaux éléments d'algèbre, Amsterdam, 1702. 8vo.—Many other works and articles in scientific journals. | |||
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