Jump to content

Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.3): Difference between revisions

Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.3) (view source)

Revision as of 13:59, 17 December 2024

21,473 bytes added ,  Yesterday at 13:59
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
Line 624: Line 624:
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''Stewart, Balfour (1828-1887)'''. *The Sun and the Earth. In Science Lectures for the People. Fourth Series, 1872-73, delivered in Manchester, England.—*The Unseen Universe (in collab. with O. G. Tait), 4th ed., London, 1876.
{{Vertical space|}}


'''Sue, Eugène (Joseph Marie) (1804-1857)'''. *Les Mystères de Paris, 1842-43, 10 vols.
{{Vertical space|}}


'''Sumangala Unnanse H'''. Renowned Ceylonese Buddhist priest and scholar. He was born on January 20, 1827, in the village of Hikka- duwa, Ceylon, the fourth son of Don Johannes de Silva Abeyewera-Gunawardana; was a precocious child, and his parents saw at a very early age what the trend of his life was likely to be. When five years old, he was already dedicated to the monastery, and at the age of twelve was admitted to the Order as a samanera or novice; it is recorded that in his studies he already then surpassed those who were far older than he. He placed himself under the tuition of a Sanskrit pundit, a Brahman a from India, and made very rapid progress. When 21, he went to Kandy, the ancient capital of the Island, and received the full ordination of a monk at the hands of the Chief High Priest. He astonished his examiners by the depth of his scholarship, the wide range of his reading, and the ease with which he handled both Sanskrit and Pali. He then returned to his native village where he was appointed as tutor to the monks, spending there twelve years of his life. Transferred later to a higher appointment at Galle, where he spent the next six years as priest in charge of the temple, continuing also as tutor to the monks. Having special aptitude for languages, he learned Elu, the classical language of Ceylon, English and French.


After six years at Galle, he was elected High Priest of the Srîpada—the temple of the Holy Footprint on the mountain of Adam’s Peak. At at later date, he became also High Priest of the District of Galle, and Examiner-in-Chief of the candidates for ordination {{Page aside|532}}in Ceylon. In 1873, he moved to Kotahena in Colombo, and shortly afterwards to Maligakanda, where he founded the Vidyodaya College for monks, of which he remained Principal during the rest of his life.
Sumangala was a voluminous writer, but his works are mostly unknown in the West. He was a friend of F. Max Muller, Prof. Rhys Davids, Prof. C. R. Lanman of Harvard, Sir Edwin Arnold and Sir Monier-Williams. His first contact with Theosophy took place in 1880, when the Founders first visited Ceylon. From then on a strong friendship existed with them, and he speeded Col. Olcott on his mission to Japan in 1889 (See the Colonel’s Old Diary Leaves for complete account).
When quite old, Sumangala fell down a short staircase, rising one morning in the dark, as he always did, and fractured his hip bone. The shock was too much for the aged body, and he passed away nine days after, April 30, 1911. The ceremony of cremation at Colombo was the greatest they ever had, and all combined to render him their respects. He was succeeded as Principal of the College by his pupil Nanissera.
For all practical purposes, Sumangala was the Head of the Southern Church of Buddhism, as a whole. He was also one of the Honorary Vice-Presidents of the Theosophical Society, and both Founders held him in the greatest esteem.
(See his portrait in Vol. II of present Series, facing page 208.)
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Tappan, Cora L.V. (later Tappan-Richmond)'''. See Vol. I, p. 528.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Tartini, Giuseppe (1692-1770)'''. See Vol. II, pp. 545-46, for biogr. data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Temple, Sir Richard (1826-1902)'''. *India in 1880. London: John Murray, 1880, 8vo. See Vol. II, p. 546, for biogr. data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Tertullian, Q.S.F. (155-222)'''. *De jejunio. Loeb Class. Libr.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Thibaut, George Frederick William'''. German scholar, b. at Heidelberg, 1848, the son of Karl Thibaut, Librarian to the University; d. in 1914. Educated at the Gymnasium of his native town, and the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin. Went to England, 1871, working several years as assistant to F. Max Müller; appointed, 1875, Anglo-Sanskrit Professor in the Benares Sanskrit College; Principal of the College, 1879-88; Professor, Muir Central College, Allahabad, 1888-95. Thibaut’s literary work was chiefly in the domain of Indian philosophy, astronomy and mathematics. Among his many writings, special mention should be made of the following: The Panchasiddhantika, the astronomical work of Varäha Mihira, {{Page aside|533}}with translation (in collaboration with Sudhakara Dvivedi), 1889.—The Vedanta Sutras, with Sankara’s Commentary, translated (Sacred Books of the East, Vols. 34 and 38; and with Ramanuja’s Comm, ditto, Vol. 48).—“Indian Astronomy, Astrology and Mathematics,” in Buhler’s Encyclopaedia of Indian Research, 1899.—Thibaut also edited, together with R. Griffith, the Benares Sanskrit Series.
H. P. B. refers to Thibaut’s art. “On the Suryaprajnapti,” in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. 49, Pt. 1.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Thornton, Edward (1799-1875)'''. *A Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the East India Company, and of the Native States on the Continent of India, London, W. H. Allen & Co., 1854; corrected ed., 1857.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Transactions'''. National Insurance Convention, New York, 1871.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Tripitaka (Pali, Tipitaka)''', meaning “Three Baskets”—chief Scriptures consisting of Vinaya-Pitaka, or Rules of Discipline governing the Sangha; the Sutta-Pitaka, or Dialogues and Discourses of the Buddha, containing the Five Nikayas; and the Abhidhamma-Pitaka (lit. “Higher Dhamma”). The Therauada Tipitaka is available from the Pali Text Society. The Mahayana Tripitaka is just beginning to be translated, mainly by the Buddhist Text Translation Society.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Tukaram Tatya'''. An outstanding Hindu Theosophist of the early days, Fellow of the Indian Section of the T.S., one of the most devoted and earnest workers in the Movement. He was born in Bombay in 1836, and belonged to a sub-section of the Sudra caste known as the Bhandari class. His parents came from the West coast of India, near Ratnagiri. His mother died when he was seven, and his father when he was ten. After that they were all reduced to poverty as the family’s property was squandered by a relative. At the age of thirteen he was adopted by his cousin’s wife, who worked to support herself and Tukaram. At a mission school he was taught the vernacular, and later went as far as the Third Reader at an English school. As the missionaries thought he would become a Christian, he was allowed a monthly stipend of two rupees. They treated him kindly and he was on the verge of joining their faith, but here was the turning point of his life.
At an auction room he met by “accident” an English gentleman who had been a teacher in a mission school in Bombay, but had resigned because the things he taught were against his conscience, and had taken a Government position. The missionaries persecuted {{Page aside|534}}him on this account and ruined his prospects. The disclosures of this man about Christianity as practiced in India shocked Tukaram and changed his plans. The missionaries forthwith began to revile him and withdrew all help, leaving him destitute. His newly-won friend, however, got him a position in a municipal office. Tukaram at the time joined various Hindu societies for reform, but soon left them.
A few years later, while watching the death of his adopted mother, he began speculating as to what it was that left her body. This led to retrospection and to wondering where his destiny would take him. He continued in this state of mind until he “happened” to read an issue of The Theosophist. He found therein ideas which he had been pondering on, and conceived a strong desire to meet the Founders. With an introduction from his friend, Martin Wood of the Times of India, he went to see them, Mr. Wood asking them not to “let Tukaram too deep in the mysteries of the T.S. for fear he might be drawn off from the local politics, in which he had a large share, having already obtained the city municipal franchise.”
Tukaram visited the Founders every Sunday and decided to join the T.S. in order to learn more about them and their work. Becoming a Fellow in Bombay, where the Founders were at the time, he soon was on intimate terms with them and became convinced of their complete innocence in regard to all the vile slanders circulated about them.
When the Founders left Bombay for Madras and the newly acquired Adyar Headquarters, H. P. B. asked Tukaram to try and keep up at least a semblance of a Branch at Bombay, where they had met with many reverses, by hanging a sign on the door of his office, even though no members should assemble for a meeting. Tukaram did so, and with considerable success. Shortly afterward the members hired a room in the Fort and moved the Branch from Crow’s Nest (the Founders’ former residence) to it, and there regular gatherings began to take place. Eventually, this Branch became one of the most active centers in the country.
Tukaram was on the Committee to enquire into the allegations made by the Coulombs and the missionaries at Madras regarding the Mahatmans and the so-called “Shrine,” and became thoroughly convinced that Emma Coulomb, in acting the part she did, was actuated by base motives and had entered into a conspiracy with the Madras missionaries to ruin the T.S. Tukaram was also present in Madras when Richard Hodgson called there to make personal {{Page aside|535}}investigations, and “found that he did not at all act with impartiality.”
When the T.S. Branch was established in the Fort at Bombay, Tukaram opened, at his own expense, a charitable center known as The Theosophical Homeopathic Charitable Dispensary, in which he dispensed medicines, mesmeric treatments and other help to a very large number of patients suffering from all sorts of ills. This Dispensary made for itself a name as the years went by.
In course of time, Tukaram conceived the idea of setting up a Theosophical Publishing House, long before a similar idea was decided upon in Europe and America. This was the origin of the Bombay Theosophical Publication Fund, the sole object of which was to popularize among the reading public easily procurable works on ancient philosophies and religions as well as Theosophy. Tuka- ram’s output became very large and his venture grew in proportion to his devotion. He published a large number of translations of ancient Scriptures, such as the Vedas, the Upanishads, works of Samkaracharya, and others; also collections of valuable articles from The Theosophist.
His work stands as a living testimony to what can be accomplished by one whose devotion and selfless efforts are one-pointed and impersonal. Such an attitude is invariably sustained and strengthened by Those who watch over this Movement and inspire it from behind the scenes.
(Cf. The Path, New York, Vol. IX, May, 1894).
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Twain, Mark (pen-name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens) (1835-1910)'''. *The Innocents Abroad, 1867.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Tyerman''', *Freethought Vindicated. Untraced.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood (1828-1883)'''. See Vol. I, pp. 529-30, for biographical data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Vendidad'''. See under Avesta.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Verne, Jules (1828-1905)'''. *De la Terre a la Lune, 1865.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Vetala-panchavimsati''', or “Twenty-Five Tales of the Vetala,” translated by Sir R. Burton in 1870 as Vikram and the Vampire. Also as The Baital Pachisi, transl. by W. B. Barker & edited by E. B. Eastwick. London, 1855.
{{Vertical space|}}
{{Page aside|536}}
'''Vieuxtemps, Henri (1820-81)'''. Belgian violinist and brilliant composer of concertos for the violin; pupil of Beriot and one of the founders of the Franco-Belgian school of violin playing.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Virgil (70-19 b.c.)'''. *Aeneid. Loeb Class. Libr.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Virubov, Grigoriy Nikolayevich (1843-1913)'''. Russian philosopher and writer, educated first by his own parents who lived mostly abroad, and later in the imperial Lyceum, supplementing his knowledge upon graduation by studying medicine at the Moscow University. Travelled extensively in Europe and the East. Became a close friend of Littre and a protagonist of his School of Positivism. Founded with him in July, 1867, the journal Philosophic positive which continued publication until 1884. Took part in the defense of Paris during the Franco-German war and later served in the Caucasus during the Russo-Turkish war, mainly in connection with the Red Cross. Became naturalized in France, 1889. Most of his later years were occupied with profound studies and the writing of a vast number of serious philosophical essays in both French and Russian. He was also greatly interested in mineralogy and crystallography. As literary executor of A. I. Gerzen, he edited, 1875-79, his Collected Works, In 1886 he obtained ¿he highly desired doctorate from the Sorbonne.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Vishnu-Purana'''. Transl. by H. H. Wilson. Ed. by Fitzedward Hall. London: Trubner & Co., 1864, 65, 66, 68, 70. Works of the late H. H, Wilson.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Wagner, Nikolay Petrovich (1829-1907)'''. *Article in the Yevro- peyskiy Vestnik (Messenger of Europe), 1876. See Vol. VI, p. 449, for biographical data.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Waite, Charles B. (1824-1909)'''. *History of the Christian Religion, to the Year Two Hundred, Chicago, 1881; 5th ed., 1900.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913)'''. *On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism. Three Essays. London, 1875; 2nd ed., 1881; new ed., 1896.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von'''. Duke of Friedland, Sagan and Mecklenburg. German soldier and statesman, b. of noble family at Herrmanic, Bohemia, Sept. 15, 1583; d. Feb. 25, 1634. Sent to Jesuit college at Olmitz, but did not accept the R. C. faith. Attended university at Altdorf, 1599, but was expelled. Travelled and studied at Bologna and Padua, and developed keen interest in astrology. Served in the army of Emperor Rudolph II of Hungary, {{Page aside|537}}and married wealthy Bohemian widow whose large estates he inherited in 1614. During the Thirty-Years-War, associated himself with the imperial cause and won distinction. Recovering his lost estates, he created from them the territory called Friedland. Made Duke of Friedland, 1625, and proved to be a model ruler, founding schools, developing agriculture, mining and manufacturing. In the next few years was active in the Emperor’s plans to extend holdings to the Baltic, a plan which failed. After brief period of retirement in Prague, was recalled, 1632, to form new army against Gustavas Adolphus and drove the Saxons from Bohemia. His motives and secret plans for a united Germany were misconstrued and he was suspected of playing a double part. In the ensuing confusion, he was killed by Devereux’s partisans.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Warburton, William'''. English divine and theologian, b. Dec. 24, 1698; d. June 7, 1779. Active as an attorney in the earlier part of his life; ordained deacon, 1723; M.A., University of Cambridge, 1728; Bishop of Gloucester, 1759, to his death. Among his many works, one of the more remarkable ones is *Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated, etc., London, 1738-41, 2 vols.; 2nd ed., 1742; 10th ed., 1846.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Weber, Wilhelm Eduard'''. German physicist, b. at Wittenberg, Oct. 24, 1804; d. at Gottingen, June 23, 1891. Professor of Physics at Gottingen and Leipzig. One of the most outstanding scientists of the 19th century, Weber devoted himself to the study of electric currents and the theory of electricity, and his research proved to be of great importance to Maxwell in his epoch-making work on the electromagnetic nature of light.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Westminster Confession of Faith'''. Framed by an assembly chiefly of divines, hence called “Assembly of Divines,” which by act of Parliament assembled at Westminster, July 1, 1643, and remained in session until February 22, 1649. Together with Catechisms and Directories framed at the same time, collectively called the Westminster Standards, accepted as authoritative by nearly all the English-speaking Presbyterian churches.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Wilder, Dr. Alexander (1823-1908)'''. *lamblichos: A Treatise on the Mysteries. Originally published in The Platonist (a monthly edited by Thomas M. Johnson and publ. first in St. Louis, Mo., and later in Osceola, Mo., between 1881 and 1888), this new translation of lamblichus’ important work appeared later in book form as Theurgia or the Ancient Mysteries (New York: The Metaphysical Publ. Co., {{Page aside|538}}1911, pp. 283). A few installments of the translation were publ. in The Theosophist of 1881.
See Vol. I, pp. 531-33, for comprehensive data about Dr. Wilder and his work.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Wyld, Dr. George'''. Scottish Physician, b. March 17, 1821, at Bennington Banks, near Edinburgh, the seventh son in a family of fifteen. Between the age of 12 and 15 attended Edinburgh Academy, studying Greek and Latin; later, the Cunningham English Scientific and Mathematical Academy. When sixteen, started working in a business firm where he stayed about four years. When twenty, went to London via Liverpool. At first he worked in the Provincial Bank of Ireland, then in a publishing house, and then went travelling on the Continent where he spent about a year. Upon his return, began the study of medicine at University College and Hospital, and three years later continued studies for another year at Edinburgh. Became M.D., 1851. Being greatly intrigued by Homeopathy, he attended the Homeopathic Hospital and became a Homeopathic physician, practising this branch of medicine for some 25 years. In 1853, Dr. Wyld wrote his small but important book entitled Homeopathy, an Attempt to state the Question with fairness, etc. (London: J. Walker, pp. 45; 2nd ed., 1857, pp. 46). This incurred for him the immediate enmity of the medical profession which, however, failed to dismay him. Many years later, in 1876, Dr. Wyld became the Acting President of the British Homeopathic Society, and his work contributed a great deal towards the recognition of Homeopathy and the establishment of better feelings between various branches of medical practice.
Along other lines of endeavor, mention should be made of the fact that Dr. Wyld was for many years a Director of the District Railways and, in 1886, instigated the founding of the Liberal Unionist Party.
For years he had been interested in Phrenology, joining the Phrenological Society in London in 1844; also in Spiritualism and Mesmerism. In connection with the latter, he was the disciple of John Dove of Edinburgh, and a practicing mesmerist of the Mesmeric Society, of which the famous Dr. Elliotson was the ruling spirit. But Dr. Wyld was not a hypnotist and had grave reservations against this practice. In 1854, he met D. D. Home, the famous medium, and somewhat later Dr. Henry Slade whom he defended against virulent attacks in London. This of course incurred for him another cycle of antagonism on the part of medical men and he lost some of his practice.
{{Page aside|539}}
It was in 1879 that Dr. Wyld met H. P. B. and Col. Olcott at a dinner party at the Billings, in London, where the Founders were at the time, on their way to India. He joined the T.S. and became President of the British Branch, but resigned in 1882, as his philosophy did not easily fit into the Theosophical picture. He was fundamentally a devoted Christian and along religious lines his views were somewhat hard and fast, though very high minded and noble in essence.
Dr. Wyld was one of the original Founders of the English Society for Psychical Research, and a member of its First Council.
Among his various works, the following ones should be mentioned: ^Theosophy and the Higher Life (London, 1880, pp. 138), a 2nd ed. of which was published as Theosophy, or Spiritual Dy· namics and the Divine and Miraculous Man (London: Elliott & Co., 1894, pp. vi, 264). This 2nd ed. contains a Prefatory Note in which Dr. Wyld states that he resigned from the T.S. after realizing that H. P. B. did not believe in a personal God.—Diseases of the Heart and Lungs, etc., London, 1860.—Clairvoyance, etc., London, 1883.—Mesmerism, Hypnotism, Christian Science and Mind Healing, London, 1899.—Notes on my Life, London; Kegan, Paul, etc., 1903, pp. viii, 124, in which the author gives pertinent facts about his ancestry, immediate family and various activities of his life.
Dr. George Wyld died in 1906, after a useful life in the service of humanity.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Zohar or Book of Splendor'''. See Vol. VII, pp. 269-72, for comprehensive information on the subject.
{{Vertical space|}}
'''Zöllner, Johann Karl Friedrich (1834-82)'''. *Transcendental Physics, London, 1880. See Vol. V, p. 385, for complete data concerning this work, and pp. 265-67 for biographical data about the author.


{{Footnotes}}
{{Footnotes}}
Retrieved from "https://en.teopedia.org/lib/Special:MobileDiff/25867"