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In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
In 1889 Judge started a smaller magazine intended for inquirers
which he called ''The Theosophical Forum''.<ref> A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
which he called ''The Theosophical Forum''.<ref>A monthly of only eight pages at first, and not exceeding twelve pages later, it ran from April, 1889, through April, 1895, seventy issues in all. A New Series was inaugurated in May, 1895, slightly larger in size, and running through June, 1898; at this time another change in format took place, and the journal was published at Flushing, N. Y. under H. T. Hargrove and later A. H. Spencer, from July, 1898 through April, 1905. This later Series is very scarce today.</ref> His answers to questions
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
submitted are models of concise expression founded on a deep
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
knowledge of technical Theosophy. He also contributed articles to
''The Theosophist'' and to ''Lucifer'' which H.P.B. started in London
''The Theosophist'' and to ''Lucifer'' which H.P.B. started in London
in the Fall of 1887.<ref> Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled ''Vernal Blooms'' and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled ''The Heart Doctrine'' and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>
in the Fall of 1887.<ref>Many of Judge's articles have been published in book form by The Theosophy Company of Los Angeles, London and Bombay. The first collection is entitled ''Vernal Blooms'' and appeared in 1946; the second is entitled ''The Heart Doctrine'' and was issued in 1951. Other of Judge's articles have been published from time to time in pamphlet form by various Theosophical groups.</ref>


Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
Judge’s understanding of the Indian philosophy found expression
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{{Page aside|491}}
{{Page aside|491}}
'''KNORR VON ROSENROTH, BARON CHRISTIAN (1636-1689)'''. *Kabbalah
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Knorr von Rosenroth, Baron Christian (1636-1689)}}'''. *''Kabbalah denudata''. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt: J. D. Zunneri, 1684.
denudata. Vol. I, Sulzbach, 1677-78; Vol. II, Frankfurt: J. D. Zunneri, 1684.
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'''LARA, D. E. {{Style S-Small capitals|de}}'''. A learned old gentleman of Portuguese-Hebrew extraction
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lara}}, D. E. {{Style S-Small capitals|de}}'''. A learned old gentleman of Portuguese-Hebrew extraction
who was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875,
who was present at the meeting of September 8, 1875,
when the Theosophical Society was formed. Both H.P.B. and Col.
when the Theosophical Society was formed. Both H.P.B. and Col.
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'''LEVI ZAHED, ELIPHAS'''. Pseudonym of Alphonse-Louis Constant, renowned
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Levi Zahed, Eliphas}}'''. Pseudonym of Alphonse-Louis Constant, renowned
French occultist and writer. He was born February 8, 1810,
French occultist and writer. He was born February 8, 1810,
in a poor family; his father was Jean-Joseph Constant, a shoemaker,
in a poor family; his father was Jean-Joseph Constant, a shoemaker,
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Benedictine monastery of Solemnes, planning to remain there permanently. He was totally disappointed in the way of life he encountered
Benedictine monastery of Solemnes, planning to remain there permanently. He was totally disappointed in the way of life he encountered
there, although his stay was productive of some good results,
there, although his stay was productive of some good results,
as he wrote there his Le Rosier de Mai (Paris: Gaume,
as he wrote there his ''Le Rosier de Mai'' (Paris: Gaume,
1839) a book of canticles and legends. He had occasion to dip into
1839) a book of canticles and legends. He had occasion to dip into
the writings of the Gnostics, the early Fathers of the Church,
the writings of the Gnostics, the early Fathers of the Church,
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during which he got some work supervising studies in religious
during which he got some work supervising studies in religious
schools, he met Le Gallois, an Editor, who enthusiastically decided
schools, he met Le Gallois, an Editor, who enthusiastically decided
to publish his manuscript entitled La Bible de la Liberte, a
to publish his manuscript entitled ''La Bible de la Liberte'', a
work which he had written in a spirit of great rebelliousness and
work which he had written in a spirit of great rebelliousness and
in his search for freedom from oppression. As this work was
in his search for freedom from oppression. As this work was
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among the clergy, ruined his stay there and he left. At this time,
among the clergy, ruined his stay there and he left. At this time,
he was studying the writings of Lully, Agrippa and Postel, and
he was studying the writings of Lully, Agrippa and Postel, and
wrote another work entitled La Mere de Dieu (Paris: Gosselin,
wrote another work entitled ''La Mere de Dieu'' (Paris: Gosselin,
1844).
1844).


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which his wife was very helpful to him in various difficult circumstances. He seems to have paid no attention whatsoever to the fate of his natural son until many years later.
which his wife was very helpful to him in various difficult circumstances. He seems to have paid no attention whatsoever to the fate of his natural son until many years later.


In 1846, he published La Voix de la famine (Paris: Ballay aine,
In 1846, he published ''La Voix de la famine'' (Paris: Ballay aine,
1846. 8vo), a work which was interpreted as instigating class
1846. 8vo), a work which was interpreted as instigating class
warfare, and which landed him in prison again; while sentenced
warfare, and which landed him in prison again; while sentenced
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leave after six months, mainly due to his wife's exertions.
leave after six months, mainly due to his wife's exertions.


In 1848, he founded a paper entitled la Tribune du peuple, and
In 1848, he founded a paper entitled ''la Tribune du peuple'', and
wrote a number of pamphlets, most of which contained very radical
wrote a number of pamphlets, most of which contained very radical
ideas, which of course did not help him in his rather strained
ideas, which of course did not help him in his rather strained
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vases. In 1850, he met the renowned Abbe Migne, and was commissioned
vases. In 1850, he met the renowned Abbe Migne, and was commissioned
by him to prepare for his enormous Patrological Series
by him to prepare for his enormous Patrological Series
the Dictionnaire de litterature chretienne (Migne, 1851, 4to), which
the ''Dictionnaire de litterature chretienne'' (Migne, 1851, 4to), which
forms Vol. VII of his Nouvelle encyclopedie theologique.
forms Vol. VII of his ''Nouvelle encyclopedie theologique''.


In the course of his married life, he had four children, all of
In the course of his married life, he had four children, all of
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and engaged with him in some magical evocations, such as one of
and engaged with him in some magical evocations, such as one of
Apollonius of Tyana, concerning which H.P.B. writes in the present
Apollonius of Tyana, concerning which H.P.B. writes in the present
Volume. In 1855 he founded with Charles Fauvety la Revue philosophique
Volume. In 1855 he founded with Charles Fauvety ''la Revue philosophique
et religieuse, a monthly which lasted some three years
et religieuse'', a monthly which lasted some three years
or so. It is at about this time of his life that Eliphas Levi-as
or so. It is at about this time of his life that Eliphas Levi-as
he now signed himself-began publishing in serial installments
he now signed himself-began publishing in serial installments
his Dogme et Rituel de la haute magic which appeared in book
his ''Dogme et Rituel de la haute magie'' which appeared in book
form in 1856 (Paris, Germer-Bailliere). Another “subversive”
form in 1856 (Paris, Germer-Bailliere). Another “subversive”
piece of literature, a poem this time, landed him in prison once
piece of literature, a poem this time, landed him in prison once
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{{Page aside|494}}
{{Page aside|494}}
In 1859 and 1861 respectively, appeared from the same publisher
In 1859 and 1861 respectively, appeared from the same publisher
two other works by Eliphas Levi, namely, l'Histoire de la
two other works by Eliphas Levi, namely, ''l'Histoire de la magie and La Clef des grands mysteres''-works which brought
magie and La Clef des grands mysteres-works which brought
him considerable prestige, reputation and esteem; this was a rather
him considerable prestige, reputation and esteem; this was a rather
peaceful period in his life during which a growing number of
peaceful period in his life during which a growing number of
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For a short time in 1861, he became a Freemason in the Lodge
For a short time in 1861, he became a Freemason in the Lodge
called Rose du parfait silence, but he quit on becoming disgusted
called ''Rose du parfait silence'', but he quit on becoming disgusted
with what he found therein.
with what he found therein.


He made another trip to London and most likely had a considerable
He made another trip to London and most likely had a considerable
influence on the studies of Bulwer-Lytton, as the latter's
influence on the studies of Bulwer-Lytton, as the latter's
work, A Strange Story, definitely reflects.
work, ''A Strange Story'', definitely reflects.


In 1865, Eliphas Levi published La Science des esprits.
In 1865, Eliphas Levi published ''La Science des esprits''.


His wife, after some years of absence, suddenly sued him, and
His wife, after some years of absence, suddenly sued him, and
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when she had found in Eliphas Levi’s works what she had been
when she had found in Eliphas Levi’s works what she had been
looking for. She remained his staunch disciple until his death,
looking for. She remained his staunch disciple until his death,
and used to travel to Paris once a year to see him.<ref>Vide Vol. VI of H.P.B.’s Collected Writings where, on pp. 434-36, will he found a comprehensive account of the Gebhard Family. Mary Gebhard was horn in Dublin in 1832, and for a time was educated in the Convent of Sacre Coeur in Paris.</ref> She received
and used to travel to Paris once a year to see him.<ref>''Vide'' Vol. VI of H.P.B.’s ''Collected Writings'' where, on pp. 434-36, will he found a comprehensive account of the Gebhard Family. Mary Gebhard was horn in Dublin in 1832, and for a time was educated in the Convent of Sacre Coeur in Paris.</ref> She received
from him the original manuscript of Les Paradoxes de la Haute
from him the original manuscript of ''Les Paradoxes de la Haute Science'' (Paradoxes of the Highest Science). By consulting Vol.
Science (Paradoxes of the Highest Science). By consulting Vol.
VI, pp. 257-63, of the present Series, the reader will find a comprehensive
VI, pp. 257-63, of the present Series, the reader will find a comprehensive
exposition of the background connected with this manuscript,
exposition of the background connected with this manuscript,
and how it was finally published with comments by Master {{Page aside|495}}K. H. Madame Gebhard contributed to the pages of The Theosophist
and how it was finally published with comments by Master {{Page aside|495}}K. H. Madame Gebhard contributed to the pages of ''The Theosophist''
(Vol. VIII, Jan., 1886, pp. 241-42) some brief “Personal
(Vol. VIII, Jan., 1886, pp. 241-42) some brief “Personal
Recollections of Eliphas Levi,” which, unfortunately give a somewhat
Recollections of Eliphas Levi,” which, unfortunately give a somewhat
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way into the hands of Theosophists, probably through Baron
way into the hands of Theosophists, probably through Baron
Spedalieri, one of his pupils, and were published in English translation
Spedalieri, one of his pupils, and were published in English translation
at various times in the early volumes of The Theosophist.
at various times in the early volumes of ''The Theosophist''.


Eventually Eliphas Levi’s heart condition brought about dropsy,
Eventually Eliphas Levi’s heart condition brought about dropsy,
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Three other works from the pen of Eliphas Levi were published
Three other works from the pen of Eliphas Levi were published
posthumously. These are: Le Livre des Splendeurs; Le
posthumously. These are: ''Le Livre des Splendeurs; Le Grand Arcane'' (Paris: Chamuel, 1896; 2nd ed., 1921); and ''Le Livre des Sages'' (Paris: Chacornac, 1913).
Grand Arcane (Paris: Chamuel, 1896; 2nd ed., 1921); and Le
Livre des Sages (Paris: Chacornac, 1913).


Most of the chief works mentioned above have been translated
Most of the chief works mentioned above have been translated
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For a comprehensive and rather detailed account of Eliphas Levi’s
For a comprehensive and rather detailed account of Eliphas Levi’s
life and work, consult Paul Chacornac, Eliphas Levi: 1810-1875.
life and work, consult Paul Chacornac, ''Eliphas Levi: 1810-1875''.
Renovateur de I”occultisme en France. Paris: Chacornac Freres,
Renovateur de I”occultisme en France. Paris: Chacornac Freres,
1926. xviii, 300 pp., ill.
1926. xviii, 300 pp., ill.
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'''LIVY (TITUS LIVIUS) (59 {{Style S-Small capitals|b.c.-a.d}}. 17)'''. *History of Rome (Ah urbe condita libri); was in 142 books and told the story of Rome from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy down to the death of Drusus, younger {{Page aside|460}}brother of the Emperor Tiberius, in A.D. 9. Of these books only 35 are extant. Loeb Classical Library.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Livy (Titus Livius)}} (59 {{Style S-Small capitals|b.c.-a.d}}. 17)'''. *''History of Rome'' (Ah urbe condita libri); was in 142 books and told the story of Rome from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy down to the death of Drusus, younger {{Page aside|460}}brother of the Emperor Tiberius, in A.D. 9. Of these books only 35 are extant. ''Loeb Classical Library''.
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'''LIPPITT, GENERAL FRANCIS J'''. Born in Providence, R.I., July 19, 1812;
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lippitt, General Francis J}}'''. Born in Providence, R.I., July 19, 1812;
d. in 1902. Son of Joseph F., and Caroline S. Lippitt. Graduated
d. in 1902. Son of Joseph F., and Caroline S. Lippitt. Graduated
from Brown, 1830. Captain 1st N.Y. volunteers in Mexican War;
from Brown, 1830. Captain 1st N.Y. volunteers in Mexican War;
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Counsel for U.S. in Dpt. of Justice, 1877-82. Was guest of Lafayette
Counsel for U.S. in Dpt. of Justice, 1877-82. Was guest of Lafayette
at La Grange, 1832, and present at his burial, 1834. Assisted De
at La Grange, 1832, and present at his burial, 1834. Assisted De
Toqueville in preparing his La Democratic aux Etats-Unis, 1834.
Toqueville in preparing his ''La Democratic aux Etats-Unis'', 1834.
Attached to American Legation in Paris, 1834-35. Member, State
Attached to American Legation in Paris, 1834-35. Member, State
Constitutional Convention, Calif., 1894. Lecturer at Boston Univ.
Constitutional Convention, Calif., 1894. Lecturer at Boston Univ.
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Blavatsky in the very early days of The Theosophical Society in the
Blavatsky in the very early days of The Theosophical Society in the
U.S.A. Strangely enough, he does not refer to this association in
U.S.A. Strangely enough, he does not refer to this association in
his Reminiscences (Providence, R.I.: Preston and Rounds Co.,
his ''Reminiscences'' (Providence, R.I.: Preston and Rounds Co.,
1902) written “for his Family, his near relatives and intimate
1902) written “for his Family, his near relatives and intimate
friends.” In 1888, Gen. Lippitt published a pamphlet under the title
friends.” In 1888, Gen. Lippitt published a pamphlet under the title
of Physical Proofs of Another Life. A few years prior to this, a
of ''Physical Proofs of Another Life''. A few years prior to this, a
rich Spiritualist, Henry Seybert, died ai Philadelphia, Pa., leaving
rich Spiritualist, Henry Seybert, died ai Philadelphia, Pa., leaving
a considerable sum of money by will to the University, on condition
a considerable sum of money by will to the University, on condition
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of highly interesting personal tests and experiences with phenomena,
of highly interesting personal tests and experiences with phenomena,
is worthy of his literary reputation, and shows how different might
is worthy of his literary reputation, and shows how different might
have been the report if the members of the Commission had cared {{Page aside|497}}as much to get at the truth of spiritualism as to boycott it.” (The
have been the report if the members of the Commission had cared {{Page aside|497}}as much to get at the truth of spiritualism as to boycott it.” (''The Theosophist'', Vol. X, Nov. 1888, p. 132.)
Theosophist, Vol. X, Nov. 1888, p. 132.)


A number of letters written by H.P.B. to Gen. Lippitt during
A number of letters written by H.P.B. to Gen. Lippitt during
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Presumably Gen. Lippitt returned them to Col. Olcott after H.P.B.’s
Presumably Gen. Lippitt returned them to Col. Olcott after H.P.B.’s
death in 1891. They have been published in the Series known as
death in 1891. They have been published in the Series known as
H.P.B. Speaks, Vols. I and II (Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1950
''H.P.B. Speaks'', Vols. I and II (Adyar: Theos. Publ. House, 1950
and 1951). During this period, H.P.B. resided in Philadelphia, and
and 1951). During this period, H.P.B. resided in Philadelphia, and
the letters contain most interesting information concerning her views
the letters contain most interesting information concerning her views
Line 2,328: Line 2,322:
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'''LORIS-MELIKOV, COUNT MICHAEL T. (1826-88)'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. II, footnote to art. “Armenians.”
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Loris-Melikov, Count Michael T. (1826-88)}}'''. See for biogr. sketch Vol. II, footnote to art. “Armenians.”
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'''LUNDY, DR. JOHN PATTERSON (1823-92)'''. *Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Lundy, Dr. John Patterson (1823-92)}}'''. *''Monumental Christianity'', or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of the one Catholic Faith and Practice. New York: J. W. Bouton, 1876. xviii, 453 pp.
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'''LURIA, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON (1534-1572)'''. *Commentarius in librum
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Luria, Isaac ben Solomon (1534-1572)}}'''. *''Commentarius in librum Zeniutha. Tractatus de revolutionibus animarum''. Contained in the
Zeniutha. Tractatus de revolutionibus animarum. Contained in the
Second Volume of C. Knorr von Rosenroth’s ''Kabbala Denudata'',
Second Volume of C. Knorr von Rosenroth’s Kabbala Denudata,
Frankfurt, 1684 (Vol. I was publ. at Sulzbach, 1677-78).
Frankfurt, 1684 (Vol. I was publ. at Sulzbach, 1677-78).
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'''M{{Style S-Small capitals|ac}}K{{Style S-Small capitals|enzie}}, K{{Style S-Small capitals|enneth}} R{{Style S-Small capitals|obert}} H{{Style S-Small capitals|enderson}} (?-1886)'''. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” *The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites; Symbolism and Biography, London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
'''M{{Style S-Small capitals|ac}}K{{Style S-Small capitals|enzie}}, K{{Style S-Small capitals|enneth}} R{{Style S-Small capitals|obert}} H{{Style S-Small capitals|enderson}} (?-1886)'''. Prominent Mason known as “Cryptonymus.” *''The Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia of History, Rites; Symbolism and Biography'', London, 1877 [1875-77]. 8vo.
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'''MACKEY, ALBERT GALLATIN (1807-1881)'''. *Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mackey, Albert Gallatin (1807-1881)}}'''. *''Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry''.
Edited by Robert I. Clegg. Chicago: The Masonic History Co., 1929.
Edited by Robert I. Clegg. Chicago: The Masonic History Co., 1929.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Manavadharmasastra (Laws of Manu)'''. Text critically edited by J. Jolly. London: Trubner & Co., 1887. Trubner Oriental Series.-Transl. by G. Buhler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. SBE XXV.
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Manavadharmasastra (Laws of Manu)'''. Text critically edited by J. Jolly. London: Trubner & Co., 1887. Trubner Oriental Series.-Transl. by G. Buhler. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886. ''SBE'' XXV.
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'''MARSHALL, WM. S., Lieut.-Col'''. *A Phrenologist Among the Todas, or the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1873. xx, 271, ill.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Marshall, Wm. S.,}} Lieut.-Col'''. *''A Phrenologist Among the Todas'', or the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1873. xx, 271, ill.
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'''MASSEY, CHARLES CARLETON'''. English Barrister and Writer, b. Dec.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Massey, Charles Carleton}}'''. English Barrister and Writer, b. Dec.
23, 1838 at Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, the residence of his
23, 1838 at Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, the residence of his
granduncle, Lord Bolton; died of heart failure March 29, 1905.
granduncle, Lord Bolton; died of heart failure March 29, 1905.
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and most of his work was of a literary kind. He translated into
and most of his work was of a literary kind. He translated into
English Prof. Zollner’s report on his experiments with Slade and
English Prof. Zollner’s report on his experiments with Slade and
published it under the title of Transcendental Physics (London,
published it under the title of ''Transcendental Physics'' (London,
1880), a work which was reviewed at length by H.P.B. in The
1880), a work which was reviewed at length by H.P.B. in ''The Theosophist'' (Vol. II, Feb., 1881, pp. 95-97). He also translated
Theosophist (Vol. II, Feb., 1881, pp. 95-97). He also translated
E. von Hartmann’s ''Spiritism'', and translated and annotated Baron
E. von Hartmann’s Spiritism, and translated and annotated Baron
Carl du Prel’s learned work on ''The Philosophy of Mysticism'' (London, Redway, 1889, 2 vols.).
Carl du Prel’s learned work on The Philosophy of Mysticism (Lon·
don, Redway, 1889, 2 vols.).


Massey became in 1882 one of the Founders of the Society for
Massey became in 1882 one of the Founders of the Society for
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we were constantly indebted. [Massey was] a profound student
we were constantly indebted. [Massey was] a profound student
of philosophy and psychology, and one of the most original and
of philosophy and psychology, and one of the most original and
suggestive thinkers I have ever known...” (S.P.R. Journal, Vol.
suggestive thinkers I have ever known...” (S.P.R. ''Journal'', Vol.
XII, pp. 95-96). Although Massey was on the first Council of the
XII, pp. 95-96). Although Massey was on the first Council of the
S.P.R. in 1882, he resigned from it in October, 1886, remaining,
S.P.R. in 1882, he resigned from it in October, 1886, remaining,
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to eye with each other.
to eye with each other.


(Consult: Thoughts of a Modem Mystic. A Selection from the Writings of the late C. C. Massey. Ed. by Prof. W. F. Barrett, London, 1909.)
(Consult: ''Thoughts of a Modem Mystic''. A Selection from the Writings of the late C. C. Massey. Ed. by Prof. W. F. Barrett, London, 1909.)
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'''MAYER, ALFRED MARSHALL (1836-97)'''. *The Earth a Great Magnet:
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mayer, Alfred Marshall (1836-97)}}'''. *''The Earth a Great Magnet'': a Lecture, etc. New Haven, Conn., 1872. 8vo.
a Lecture, etc. New Haven, Conn., 1872. 8vo.
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'''MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, SIXTH EARL OF (1822-72)'''. Born
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, Sixth Earl of (1822-72)}}'''. Born
in Dublin, educated at Trinity College. After travels in Russia,
in Dublin, educated at Trinity College. After travels in Russia,
entered Parliament and was chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-66.
entered Parliament and was chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-66.
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'''MENDELEYEV, DMITRIY IVANOVICH'''. Russian chemist, the youngest of
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mendeleyev, Dmitriy Ivanovich}}'''. Russian chemist, the youngest of
a family of seventeen, b. at Tobolsk, Siberia, Feb. 7, 1834; d.
a family of seventeen, b. at Tobolsk, Siberia, Feb. 7, 1834; d.
at St. Petersburg, Feb. 2, 1907. Attended the gymnasium of his
at St. Petersburg, Feb. 2, 1907. Attended the gymnasium of his
native town; studied science at St. Petersburg, was graduated in
native town; studied science at St. Petersburg, was graduated in
chemistry, 1856, subsequently becoming privatdozent. Became, 1863,
chemistry, 1856, subsequently becoming ''privatdozent''. Became, 1863,
prof. of chemistry in the technological school at St. Petersburg, and
prof. of chemistry in the technological school at St. Petersburg, and
three years later succeeded to the chair in the University. Resigned
three years later succeeded to the chair in the University. Resigned
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and Measures.
and Measures.


Mendeleyev’s name is best known for his work on the Periodic
Mendeleyev’s name is best known for his work on the ''Periodic Law''. His Periodic Tables of Elements embodies in its conception
Law. His Periodic Tables of Elements embodies in its conception
an aspect of the Sevenfold Nature of the Universe; it has stood
an aspect of the Sevenfold Nature of the Universe; it has stood
the test of time and was fully supported by the most recent developments
the test of time and was fully supported by the most recent developments
of atomic physics. It still remains a corner stone of
of atomic physics. It still remains a corner stone of
modern science. H.P.B. herself refers to it on various occasions
modern science. H.P.B. herself refers to it on various occasions
throughout her writings. [Cf. The Secret Doctrine, II, 627.]
throughout her writings. [Cf. ''The Secret Doctrine'', II, 627.]


Mendeleyev’s best known work is The Principles of Chemistry,
Mendeleyev’s best known work is ''The Principles of Chemistry'',
1868-70 (Engl. ed., 2 vols., 1905), which has gone through many
1868-70 (Engl. ed., 2 vols., 1905), which has gone through many
subsequent editions in various languages. The author was considered
subsequent editions in various languages. The author was considered
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'''MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)'''. *The History of British India. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1817. 3 vols.; also 1848.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mill, James (1773-1836)}}'''. *''The History of British India''. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1817. 3 vols.; also 1848.
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{{Page aside|500}}
{{Page aside|500}}
'''MOLIERE (JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN—1622-73)'''. *Tartuffe, 1664.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin—1622-73)}}'''. *''Tartuffe'', 1664.
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'''MONACHESI, HERBERT D'''. American newspaper reporter, Italian by birth and of very psychic temperament. He was responsible for a very lucid article regarding the original programme of the T.S. published in the Sunday Mercury of New York in 1875. He seems to have dropped out very soon after, and no further information about him has been found.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Monachesi, Herbert D}}'''. American newspaper reporter, Italian by birth and of very psychic temperament. He was responsible for a very lucid article regarding the original programme of the T.S. published in the ''Sunday Mercury'' of New York in 1875. He seems to have dropped out very soon after, and no further information about him has been found.
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'''MOSES, WILLIAM STAINTON'''. English clergyman and medium, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Moses, William Stainton}}'''. English clergyman and medium, b. at
Donington, Lincolnshire, Nov. 5, 1839; d. in 1892. Known for
Donington, Lincolnshire, Nov. 5, 1839; d. in 1892. Known for
many years to Spiritualists all over the world under the pseudonym
many years to Spiritualists all over the world under the pseudonym
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It was in 1872 that Stainton Moses contacted Spiritualism through
It was in 1872 that Stainton Moses contacted Spiritualism through
the reading of R. Dale Owen’s book, The Debatable Land. He
the reading of R. Dale Owen’s book, ''The Debatable Land''. He
visited various mediums, sat in many private circles, and soon developed
visited various mediums, sat in many private circles, and soon developed
strong mediumistic powers of his own, which manifested
strong mediumistic powers of his own, which manifested
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writing. He rapidly came to the front of the Spiritualistic movement, took a leading part in founding the British National Association of Spiritualists, served on the Council of the Psychological Society, and, until 1886, on that of the Society for Psychical Research, when he resigned from that body because of the Society’s {{Page aside|501}}attitude towards Eglinton and other public mediums. From 1884
writing. He rapidly came to the front of the Spiritualistic movement, took a leading part in founding the British National Association of Spiritualists, served on the Council of the Psychological Society, and, until 1886, on that of the Society for Psychical Research, when he resigned from that body because of the Society’s {{Page aside|501}}attitude towards Eglinton and other public mediums. From 1884
to his death he was also President of the London Spiritual Alliance.
to his death he was also President of the London Spiritual Alliance.
He also acted for many years as Editor of the magazine Light.
He also acted for many years as Editor of the magazine ''Light''.


While Stainton Moses was an exponent of almost all the various
While Stainton Moses was an exponent of almost all the various
phases of mediumship, he is best known for his automatic writings
phases of mediumship, he is best known for his automatic writings
excerpts from which were published under the title of Spirit Teachings
excerpts from which were published under the title of ''Spirit Teachings''
(London: The Psychological Press Ass’n, 1883; also as
(London: The Psychological Press Ass’n, 1883; also as
“Memorial Edition,” London, 1894). They began in March, 1872,
“Memorial Edition,” London, 1894). They began in March, 1872,
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type and in flowing language.
type and in flowing language.


Other works of Stainton Moses are: Psychography, London,
Other works of Stainton Moses are: ''Psychography'', London,
1878; Spirit Identity, 1879; and The Higher Aspects of Spiritualism,
1878; ''Spirit Identity'', 1879; and ''The Higher Aspects of Spiritualism'',
1880.
1880.


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the Colonel hut with H.P.B. whom Moses held in very high regard.
the Colonel hut with H.P.B. whom Moses held in very high regard.
A more complete account of this association may be found in
A more complete account of this association may be found in
H. S. Olcott’s Old Diary Leaves, I, 60, 300-329, where many highly
H. S. Olcott’s ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, 60, 300-329, where many highly
interesting facts are brought out. Students should also consult The
interesting facts are brought out. Students should also consult ''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'', for various passages wherein the
Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, for various passages wherein the
identity of Moses’ “controls” is hinted at.
identity of Moses’ “controls” is hinted at.


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where the papers of Stainton Moses are deposited.
where the papers of Stainton Moses are deposited.


Sources: Dictionary of National Biography; “Records of Private
Sources: ''Dictionary of National Biography''; “Records of Private
Seances,” Light, 1892, 1893; “The Experiences of W. Stainton
Seances,” ''Light'', 1892, 1893; “The Experiences of W. Stainton
Moses,” by F. W. H. Myers, in Proceedings, S.P.R., Vols. IX and
Moses,” by F. W. H. Myers, in ''Proceedings'', S.P.R., Vols. IX and
X; Podmore, Modern Spiritualism.
X; Podmore, ''Modern Spiritualism''.
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'''MOSHEIM, JOHANN LORENZ VON'''. German evangelical theologian, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von}}'''. German evangelical theologian, b. at
Lubeck, October 9, 1684; d. at Gottingen, Sept. 9, 1775. Cofounder
Lubeck, October 9, 1684; d. at Gottingen, Sept. 9, 1775. Cofounder
of the Gottingen University, and its Chancellor, 1747. Regarded
of the Gottingen University, and its Chancellor, 1747. Regarded
as the founder of modern Church history. Chief works: lnstitutiones
as the founder of modern Church history. Chief works: ''lnstitutiones historiae ecclesiasticae'', 1726; German ed., 1769-78 in nine vols.;
historiae ecclesiasticae, 1726; German ed., 1769-78 in nine vols.;
Engl. tr. by Archibald Maclaine, New York, 1880.-''lnstitutiones historiae christianae majores'', 1763.
Engl. tr. by Archibald Maclaine, New York, 1880.-lnstitutiones
historiae christianae majores, 1763.
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'''MOUSSEAUX'''. See GOUGENOT DES MOUSSEAUX.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Mousseaux}}'''. See {{Style S-Small capitals|Gougenot des Mousseaux}}.
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'''MULLER, MAX [FRIEDRICH MAXIMILIAN] (1823-1900)'''. *Chips from a German Workshop. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1867-75. 4 vols.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Muller, Max [Friedrich Maximilian] (1823-1900)}}'''. *''Chips from a German Workshop''. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1867-75. 4 vols.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>New American Cyclopaedia, 1858-63''', 16 vols.; edited by Geo. Ripley and Chas. A. Dana. New edition, as American Cyclopaedia, 1873-76, 16 vols., was prepared by the same editors.
'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>''New American Cyclopaedia, 1858-63''''', 16 vols.; edited by Geo. Ripley and Chas. A. Dana. New edition, as ''American Cyclopaedia'', 1873-76, 16 vols., was prepared by the same editors.
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'''NEWTON, HENRY JOTHAM'''. American manufacturer and inventor, b.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Newton, Henry Jotham}}'''. American manufacturer and inventor, b.
at Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 9, 1823; d. in New York, Dec. 23, 1895;
at Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 9, 1823; d. in New York, Dec. 23, 1895;
younger son of Dr. Jotham and Harriet (Wood) Newton, both
younger son of Dr. Jotham and Harriet (Wood) Newton, both
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Early freed for the rest of his life to devote himself to his various
Early freed for the rest of his life to devote himself to his various
hobbies, the chief of which was photography, he worked under
hobbies, the chief of which was photography, he worked under
the guidance of Chas. A. Seely, publisher of the American Journal
the guidance of Chas. A. Seely, publisher of the ''American Journal of Photography''; he outfitted a laboratory in his own home and
of Photography; he outfitted a laboratory in his own home and
engaged in innumerable experiments. He became known as “the
engaged in innumerable experiments. He became known as “the
father of the dry-plate process,” and was a pioneer in the preparation
father of the dry-plate process,” and was a pioneer in the preparation
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Penna. He had been the executor of the Baron’s Will, and the
Penna. He had been the executor of the Baron’s Will, and the
event received nation-wide publicity, interestingly described by Col.
event received nation-wide publicity, interestingly described by Col.
Olcott in Vol. I of his Old Diary Leaves. Newton, however, did
Olcott in Vol. I of his ''Old Diary Leaves''. Newton, however, did
not accept H.P.B.’s explanation of Spiritualistic phenomena, and
not accept H.P.B.’s explanation of Spiritualistic phenomena, and
was greatly disturbed by what he read in Isis Unveiled. He later
was greatly disturbed by what he read in ''Isis Unveiled''. He later
resigned from the T.S. with considerable bitterness.
resigned from the T.S. with considerable bitterness.


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Streets, then “the most dangerous spot in New York.”
Streets, then “the most dangerous spot in New York.”


In the opinion of Col. Olcott (The Theos., XIV, Nov., 1892, p.
In the opinion of Col. Olcott (''The Theos''., XIV, Nov., 1892, p.
72), Newton was “a man of dauntless moral courage, most tenacious
72), Newton was “a man of dauntless moral courage, most tenacious
of his opinions and, having been for many years a firm Spiritualist,
of his opinions and, having been for many years a firm Spiritualist,
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'''NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG'''. German statesman and historian, b. at
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Niebuhr, Barthold Georg}}'''. German statesman and historian, b. at
Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776; d. at Bonn, Jan. 2, 1831. Studied
Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776; d. at Bonn, Jan. 2, 1831. Studied
at Univ. of Kiel; became private secretary to Count Schimmel-mann,
at Univ. of Kiel; became private secretary to Count Schimmel-mann,
Line 2,604: Line 2,589:
took a similar appointment in Prussia. In 1810, was made royal
took a similar appointment in Prussia. In 1810, was made royal
historiographer and professor at Berlin University, and two years
historiographer and professor at Berlin University, and two years
later published two volumes of his Romische Geschichte (Engl.
later published two volumes of his ''Romische Geschichte'' (Engl.
transl., 1847-51). In 1816, while on his way to Rome to take
transl., 1847-51). In 1816, while on his way to Rome to take
up post as ambassador, discovered in the cathedral of Verona
up post as ambassador, discovered in the cathedral of Verona
the long-lost Institutes of Gaius. While in Rome, he discovered
the long-lost ''Institutes'' of Gaius. While in Rome, he discovered
and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, and collaborated
and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, and collaborated
with Cardinal Mai and von Bunsen. He retired in 1823 and went
with Cardinal Mai and von Bunsen. He retired in 1823 and went
to Bonn.
to Bonn.


Niebuhr’s Roman History (to which he added a 3rd vol. in
Niebuhr’s ''Roman History'' (to which he added a 3rd vol. in
1832) counts among epoch-making historical works for its momentous
1832) counts among epoch-making historical works for its momentous
influence on the general conception of history.
influence on the general conception of history.
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'''OLCOTT, HENRY STEEL'''. President-Founder of The Theosophical Society.
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Olcott, Henry Steel}}'''. President-Founder of The Theosophical Society.
Born at Orange, N. J., August 2, 1832. Eldest son of Henry
Born at Orange, N. J., August 2, 1832. Eldest son of Henry
Wyckoff Olcott and Emily Steel who were married October 19,
Wyckoff Olcott and Emily Steel who were married October 19,
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deal of research, particularly in regard to his own ancestors. He
deal of research, particularly in regard to his own ancestors. He
came across a book by Nathaniel Goodwin (1782-1855) entitled
came across a book by Nathaniel Goodwin (1782-1855) entitled
The Descendants of Thomas Olcott, etc., published at Hartford,
''The Descendants of Thomas Olcott'', etc., published at Hartford,
Conn. in 1845, giving detailed biographical information concerning
Conn. in 1845, giving detailed biographical information concerning
the Puritans and early settlers. Col. Olcott edited and published
the Puritans and early settlers. Col. Olcott edited and published
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Allcocks, Allcox, Alcot, Alcott, Ollcot, Olcot, and Olcott. The
Allcocks, Allcox, Alcot, Alcott, Ollcot, Olcot, and Olcott. The
Heraldic Crests consisted of a cock standing on a crown, a globe
Heraldic Crests consisted of a cock standing on a crown, a globe
or a single bar, in some cases crowing and in others silent.<ref>Consult also the work of Mary Louisa Beatrice Olcott entitled The Olcotts and their Kindred from Anglo-Saxon times through Roncesvalles to Gettysburg and after. 2nd ed., New York: National Americana Publications, 1956; 315 pp., ill., bibliography.</ref>
or a single bar, in some cases crowing and in others silent.<ref>Consult also the work of Mary Louisa Beatrice Olcott entitled ''The Olcotts and their Kindred from Anglo-Saxon times through Roncesvalles to Gettysburg and after''. 2nd ed., New York: National Americana Publications, 1956; 315 pp., ill., bibliography.</ref>


One of these possible ancestors was Nathan Alcock, who received
One of these possible ancestors was Nathan Alcock, who received
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convent of St. Radigund.
convent of St. Radigund.


The family name was a corruption of two Saxon words: eald
The family name was a corruption of two Saxon words: ''eald''
(German ald, alt) meaning old, and coc, a male bird. The coat
(German ''ald, alt'') meaning old, and coc, a male bird. The coat
of arms used by Thomas Olcott consisted of three cocks’ heads,
of arms used by Thomas Olcott consisted of three cocks’ heads,
showing similarity to that of the von Hahn family from which
showing similarity to that of the von Hahn family from which
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declined. His research in sorgum, just then imported into the U.S.A.,
declined. His research in sorgum, just then imported into the U.S.A.,
and his recognition of its economic importance, resulted in the
and his recognition of its economic importance, resulted in the
publication of his first book, Sorgho and lmphee, the Chinese and
publication of his first book, ''Sorgho and lmphee, the Chinese and African Sugar-Canes'' (New York: A. 0. More, 1858), which ran
African Sugar-Canes (New York: A. 0. More, 1858), which ran
through seven editions, was ordered to be placed in the libraries
through seven editions, was ordered to be placed in the libraries
of the State of Illinois and prescribed as a school text. The Government
of the State of Illinois and prescribed as a school text. The Government
Line 2,702: Line 2,686:


In 1858, Olcott paid his first visit to Europe, aimed at the improvement
In 1858, Olcott paid his first visit to Europe, aimed at the improvement
of agriculture, and his Report of what he saw was {{Page aside|506}} {{Page aside|506}}published in the 1858-64 edition of Appleton’s New American
of agriculture, and his Report of what he saw was {{Page aside|506}} {{Page aside|506}}published in the 1858-64 edition of Appleton’s ''New American Cyclopaedia''.<ref>Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Olcott’s article therein is entitled “Agricultural Schools”; it may be found in Vol. I of this ''Cyclopaedia'', and gives a rather comprehensive account of the history of such Schools in Europe and America. <br>
Cyclopaedia.<ref>Edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Olcott’s article therein is entitled “Agricultural Schools”; it may be found in Vol. I of this Cyclopaedia, and gives a rather comprehensive account of the history of such Schools in Europe and America. <br>
Olcott also wrote ''Outlines of the first Course of Yale Agricultural Lectures'', with an Introduction by John A. Porter. New York: C. M. Saxton, Barker & Co., 1860; 186 pp.</ref> Recognized as an expert, he became the American
Olcott also wrote Outlines of the first Course of Yale Agricultural Lectures, with an Introduction by John A. Porter. New York: C. M. Saxton, Barker & Co., 1860; 186 pp.</ref> Recognized as an expert, he became the American
correspondent of the well-known ''Mark Lane Express'' and Associate
correspondent of the well-known Mark Lane Express and Associate
Agricultural Editor of the famous New York ''Tribune''. This phase
Agricultural Editor of the famous New York Tribune. This phase
of Olcott's life concluded with the outbreak of the American Civil
of Olcott's life concluded with the outbreak of the American Civil
War.
War.
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He was captured and sentenced to be hanged. The Virginians
He was captured and sentenced to be hanged. The Virginians
were determined that no Northerner should witness the hanging,
were determined that no Northerner should witness the hanging,
but the New York Tribune wanted someone on the spot. Olcott
but the New York ''Tribune'' wanted someone on the spot. Olcott
volunteered to go. When he got to Charlestown, he realized he
volunteered to go. When he got to Charlestown, he realized he
had forgotten to claim his trunk which had a New York label
had forgotten to claim his trunk which had a New York label
Line 2,724: Line 2,707:
gave and fetched the trunk from the Court House. Some fourteen
gave and fetched the trunk from the Court House. Some fourteen
years later, Olcott wrote a spirited account of what he had witnessed,
years later, Olcott wrote a spirited account of what he had witnessed,
which is a masterpiece of reportorial writing.<ref>tCol. Olcott’s account is entitled “How We Hanged John Brown.” It was published in the weekly Magazine New India, New Series, November 17, 1928. It is evident from the text itself that the account was penned fourteen years after the event. In spite of considerable research, it has not been possible to ascertain which American newspaper or magazine published it in the first place, or what was the source from which New India republished it.</ref>
which is a masterpiece of reportorial writing.<ref>Col. Olcott’s account is entitled “How We Hanged John Brown.” It was published in the weekly Magazine ''New India'', New Series, November 17, 1928. It is evident from the text itself that the account was penned fourteen years after the event. In spite of considerable research, it has not been possible to ascertain which American newspaper or magazine published it in the first place, or what was the source from which ''New India'' republished it.</ref>


Olcott’s passion for liberty drove him to enlist in the Northern
Olcott’s passion for liberty drove him to enlist in the Northern
Line 2,779: Line 2,762:
the first National Insurance Convention, he prepared Notes which
the first National Insurance Convention, he prepared Notes which
were published in two volumes. They have served as a standard
were published in two volumes. They have served as a standard
work on insurance and the Insurance Journal’s opinion was that
work on insurance and the ''Insurance Journal’s'' opinion was that
“no addition to insurance literature more valuable than this compact
“no addition to insurance literature more valuable than this compact
octavo has yet been published.” He drafted an insurance statute
octavo has yet been published.” He drafted an insurance statute
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One day in July of 1874, while working in his New York law
One day in July of 1874, while working in his New York law
office, Olcott had a sudden urge to investigate contemporary Spiritualism.
office, Olcott had a sudden urge to investigate contemporary Spiritualism.
He purchased a copy of the Boston Banner of Light and
He purchased a copy of the Boston ''Banner of Light'' and
read in it the account of the curious phenomena which were then
read in it the account of the curious phenomena which were then
taking place at the Eddy farmhouse in the township of Chittenden,
taking place at the Eddy farmhouse in the township of Chittenden,
Line 2,810: Line 2,793:


Upon his return to New York, Olcott was persuaded by the New
Upon his return to New York, Olcott was persuaded by the New
York Daily Graphic to return to Chittenden and to write a series
York ''Daily Graphic'' to return to Chittenden and to write a series
of articles for that paper, with sketches to be made by an artist.
of articles for that paper, with sketches to be made by an artist.
Olcott returned to the Eddys’ Homestead Sept. 17th; his articles
Olcott returned to the Eddys’ Homestead Sept. 17th; his articles
Line 2,816: Line 2,799:
his stories were sold for as much as a dollar a copy. A number
his stories were sold for as much as a dollar a copy. A number
of Publishers competed for the right to put these. reports in book {{Page aside|509}}fo1m, and they were finally published in March, 1875, under the
of Publishers competed for the right to put these. reports in book {{Page aside|509}}fo1m, and they were finally published in March, 1875, under the
title of *People from the Other W odd by the American Publishing
title of *''People from the Other World'' by the American Publishing
Company of Hartford, Conn., illustrated by Alfred Kappes and
Company of Hartford, Conn., illustrated by Alfred Kappes and
T. W. Williams.
T. W. Williams.
Line 2,822: Line 2,805:
Olcott stayed at Chittenden until early November, 1874, and,
Olcott stayed at Chittenden until early November, 1874, and,
as is well known, met H.P.B. who had come there on October 14th
as is well known, met H.P.B. who had come there on October 14th
accompanied by a French Canadian lady.<ref> Olcott, Old Diary Leaves, I, 1-5, 10. </ref>
accompanied by a French Canadian lady.<ref> Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves'', I, 1-5, 10.</ref>


Such was the background of the future President-Founder of The
Such was the background of the future President-Founder of The
Line 2,835: Line 2,818:
career, from 1874 to after H.P.B.’s passing in May of 1891, are
career, from 1874 to after H.P.B.’s passing in May of 1891, are
chronologically listed (with source references) in the special Chronological
chronologically listed (with source references) in the special Chronological
Surveys appended to every Volume of the Collected Writings,
Surveys appended to every Volume of the ''Collected Writings'',
and therefore will not be repeated here. A few special points,
and therefore will not be repeated here. A few special points,
however, require elucidation, as they cannot be clearly outlined
however, require elucidation, as they cannot be clearly outlined
in any brief Chronological Survey.
in any brief Chronological Survey.


The role played by Col. Olcott in the production of Isis Unveiled
The role played by Col. Olcott in the production of ''Isis Unveiled''
is fully explained in the Introductory portion of the edition of
is fully explained in the Introductory portion of the edition of
this work which is part of the present Series of Collected Writings.
this work which is part of the present Series of ''Collected Writings''.
The Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, First and Second
The ''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom'', First and Second
Series, transcribed and annotated by C. Jinarajadasa, should also
Series, transcribed and annotated by C. Jinarajadasa, should also
be consulted for various sidelights on the early period of Theosophical
be consulted for various sidelights on the early period of Theosophical
Line 2,876: Line 2,859:
in which A. 0. Hume was so active. A considerable number of his
in which A. 0. Hume was so active. A considerable number of his
lectures on the great religions and allied subjects were issued as
lectures on the great religions and allied subjects were issued as
A Collection of Lectures on Theosophy and Archaic Religions
''A Collection of Lectures on Theosophy and Archaic Religions''
(publ. by A. Theyaga Rajier, F.T.S., Madras, 1883. 218 pp.); a
(publ. by A. Theyaga Rajier, F.T.S., Madras, 1883. 218 pp.); a
revised and enlarged ed. under the title of Theosophy, Religion
revised and enlarged ed. under the title of ''Theosophy, Religion and Occult Science'' was published by Geo. Redway in London in
and Occult Science was published by Geo. Redway in London in
1885.<ref>Col. Olcott’s literary activity was very considerable. Most of his contributions were in the nature of articles and essays on a great variety of occult and theosophical subjects, published in the early days in the ''Spiritual Scientist'' of Boston, Mass., and the London ''Spiritualist'', and from October, 1879, in the pages of ''The Theosophist''. A few scattered articles and reviews appeared in other, non-theosophical journals. Olcott also translated into English Adolphe d’Assier’s renowned work ''I’Humanite posthume'' under the title of ''Posthumous Humanity. A Study of Phantoms'' (London: Geo. Redway, 1887), to which he added an Appendix showing the popular beliefs current in India respecting the ''post-mortem'' vicissitudes of the human entity.</ref>
1885.<ref> Col. Olcott’s literary activity was very considerable. Most of his contributions were in the nature of articles and essays on a great variety of occult and theosophical subjects, published in the early days in the Spiritual Scientist of Boston, Mass., and the London Spiritualist, and from October, 1879, in the pages of The Theosophist. A few scattered articles and reviews appeared in other, non-theosophical journals. Olcott also translated into English Adolphe d’Assier’s renowned work I’Humanite posthume under the title of Posthumous Humanity. A Study of Phantoms (London: Geo. Redway, 1887), to which he added an Appendix showing the popular beliefs current in India respecting the post-mortem vicissitudes of the human entity. </ref>


Olcott's contribution towards the revival of Buddhism in Ceylon
Olcott's contribution towards the revival of Buddhism in Ceylon
Line 2,908: Line 2,890:
life of the country took place, in the form of a resurgent love for
life of the country took place, in the form of a resurgent love for
the native religion, language and culture. This was mainly due to
the native religion, language and culture. This was mainly due to
the Buddhist school-movement, the Sinhalese newspaper Sarasavi
the Buddhist school-movement, the Sinhalese newspaper ''Sarasavi Sandaresa'' and the English journal ''The Buddhist'' which had been
Sandaresa and the English journal The Buddhist which had been
started. On his three successive trips to Ceylon, Olcott organized
started. On his three successive trips to Ceylon, Olcott organized
educational institutions where Buddhist children would not be
educational institutions where Buddhist children would not be
Line 2,934: Line 2,915:


His most outstanding work for the sake of Buddhism was the
His most outstanding work for the sake of Buddhism was the
writing of a Buddhist Catechism which was first published in {{Page aside|512}}Sinhalese on July 24, 1881. It was acceptable to the various sects
writing of a ''Buddhist Catechism'' which was first published in {{Page aside|512}}Sinhalese on July 24, 1881. It was acceptable to the various sects
of the religion and became a standard text for teaching Buddhism
of the religion and became a standard text for teaching Buddhism
to children on approved lines-a book that has gone through more
to children on approved lines-a book that has gone through more
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him from K.H., he is flatly warned against permitting his suspicions
him from K.H., he is flatly warned against permitting his suspicions
and resentment against some of H.P.B.’s “follies” to bias
and resentment against some of H.P.B.’s “follies” to bias
his intuitive loyalty to her. He is reminded that “With occult
his intuitive loyalty to her. He is reminded that ''“With occult matters she has everything to do''... She is ''our direct agent''...”<ref>Letter received on board the ''SS Shannon'', Aug. 22, 1888. Cf. ''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom'', First Series, Letter 19.</ref>
matters she has everything to do... She is our direct agent...”<ref>Letter received on board the SS Shannon, Aug. 22, 1888. Cf. Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, First Series, Letter 19.</ref>


The careful perusal of the correspondence between Olcott and
The careful perusal of the correspondence between Olcott and
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him of the Coulomb troubles resulted in his trying to play down
him of the Coulomb troubles resulted in his trying to play down
the existence of both the Masters and occult phenomena, a fact
the existence of both the Masters and occult phenomena, a fact
which was pointed out by K.H. in a message to H.P.B.<ref>Ibid., Second Series, pp. 68-69, quoting an excerpt from a memorandum in H.P.B.’s handwriting in the Adyar Archives.</ref>
which was pointed out by K.H. in a message to H.P.B.<ref>''Ibid., Second Series'', pp. 68-69, quoting an excerpt from a memorandum in H.P.B.’s handwriting in the Adyar Archives.</ref>


On the positive side of Olcott’s character, we must bear in mind
On the positive side of Olcott’s character, we must bear in mind
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truth,” she said, “were all the critics of our President in general,
truth,” she said, “were all the critics of our President in general,
less learned, yet found reaching more to the level of his all-forgiving
less learned, yet found reaching more to the level of his all-forgiving
good nature, his thorough sincerity and unselfishness.<ref>“The Original Programme of The Theosophical Society,” a Manuscript signed by H.P.B. and dated by her Ostende, Oct. 3rd., 1886. Cf. Collected Writings, Vol. VII, pp. 135 et seq.</ref> Further on in the same manuscript she says that
good nature, his thorough sincerity and unselfishness.<ref>“The Original Programme of The Theosophical Society,” a Manuscript signed by H.P.B. and dated by her Ostende, Oct. 3rd., 1886. Cf. ''Collected Writings'', Vol. VII, pp. 135 et seq.</ref> Further on in the same manuscript she says that


“... ‘truth does not depend on show of hands’; but in the case
“... ‘truth does not depend on show of hands’; but in the case
of the much-abused President-Founder it must depend on the
of the much-abused President-Founder it must depend on the
show of facts. Thorny and full of pitfalls was the steep path he
show of ''facts''. Thorny and full of pitfalls was the steep path he
had to climb up alone and unaided for the first years. Terrible
had to climb up alone and unaided for the first years. Terrible
was the opposition outside the Society he had to build-sickening
was the opposition outside the Society he had to build-sickening
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conviction that he was doing his duty. What other inducement
conviction that he was doing his duty. What other inducement
has the Founder ever had, but his theosophical pledge and the
has the Founder ever had, but his theosophical pledge and the
sense of his duty toward THOSE he had promised to serve to
sense of his duty toward {{Style S-Small capitals|Those}} he had promised to serve to
the end of his life? There was but one beacon for him-the
the end of his life? There was but one beacon for him-the
hand that had first pointed to him his way up: the hand of the
hand that had first pointed to him his way up: the hand of the
MASTER he loves and reveres so well, and serves so devotedly
{{Style S-Small capitals|Master}} he loves and reveres so well, and serves so devotedly
though occasionally perhaps, unwisely.....for cleverer in administrative
though occasionally perhaps, unwisely.....for cleverer in administrative
capacities, more learned in philosophy, subtler in
capacities, more learned in philosophy, subtler in
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but his doubts on this subject were never altogether resolved. His
but his doubts on this subject were never altogether resolved. His
own individual relation to the E.S. is fully clarified by the following
own individual relation to the E.S. is fully clarified by the following
passage from the E.S.T. Circular of November 1894, entitled {{Page aside|515}} "By Master's Direction" wherein on page 3 W. Q. Judge writes:
passage from the ''E.S.T. Circular'' of November 1894, entitled {{Page aside|515}} "By Master's Direction" wherein on page 3 W. Q. Judge writes:


“....Colonel Olcott is the old standard-bearer, and has been the medium for teaching, himself having Chelas whom he has instructed, but always on the lines laid down by the Master through H.P.B. ∴ He was selected by the Master to do a certain and valuable work not possible for anyone else, and he was never taken into the E.S. by a pledge, for, like myself, he was in the very beginning pledged directly to the Master.”  
“....Colonel Olcott is the old standard-bearer, and has been the medium for teaching, himself having Chelas whom he has instructed, but always on the lines laid down by the Master through H.P.B. ∴ He was selected by the Master to do a certain and valuable work not possible for anyone else, and he was never taken into the E.S. by a pledge, for, like myself, he was in the very beginning pledged directly to the Master.”  
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her pupils have to look for results. After watching results for
her pupils have to look for results. After watching results for
a whole year and finding a great satisfaction expressed with her
a whole year and finding a great satisfaction expressed with her
teachings I consented last summer while in London,<ref>This is an error. H.P.B.’s appointment of Col. Olcott as confidential agent for the E.S. in Asiatic countries is dated London, December 25, 1889.</ref> to be her intermediary for Asiatic countries, to forward documents and correspondence. This is all my connection with the Section, and this in my private, not my public capacity. The Society is quite neutral in all such matters.”<ref>Madras Times, Sept. 15, 1890. Letter addressed to the Editor of the lndi.an Daily News.</ref>
teachings I consented last summer while in London,<ref>This is an error. H.P.B.’s appointment of Col. Olcott as confidential agent for the E.S. in Asiatic countries is dated London, December 25, 1889.</ref> to be her intermediary for Asiatic countries, to forward documents and correspondence. This is all my connection with the Section, and this in my private, not my public capacity. The Society is quite neutral in all such matters.”<ref>''Madras Times'', Sept. 15, 1890. Letter addressed to the Editor of the ''lndian Daily News''.</ref>


Circumstances connected with Olcott’s attempted resignation from
Circumstances connected with Olcott’s attempted resignation from
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Soon after H.P.B.’s death Olcott decided to begin publishing in
Soon after H.P.B.’s death Olcott decided to begin publishing in
The Theosophist-the oldest Theosophical Journal-monthly installments
''The Theosophist''-the oldest Theosophical Journal-monthly installments
of a historical outline intended to describe the formation
of a historical outline intended to describe the formation
of the T.S., his early association with H.P.B. in the U.S.A.,
of the T.S., his early association with H.P.B. in the U.S.A.,
and the gradual growth of the Movement. The first installment of
and the gradual growth of the Movement. The first installment of
these reminiscences which were to be entitled Old Diary Leaves
these reminiscences which were to be entitled ''Old Diary Leaves''
appeared in The Theosophist, Vol. XIII, March, 1892, and the
appeared in ''The Theosophist'', Vol. XIII, March, 1892, and the
First Series was concluded in Vol. XV, September, 1894, with the
First Series was concluded in Vol. XV, September, 1894, with the
description of the Founders' departure for India.<ref>A second edition of Vol. I appeared in 1941, published this time, as was the case with all the later volumes, by The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India.</ref> An “Oriental
description of the Founders' departure for India.<ref>A second edition of Vol. I appeared in 1941, published this time, as was the case with all the later volumes, by The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, India.</ref> An “Oriental
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she refused unless he expunged portions distasteful to her. This
she refused unless he expunged portions distasteful to her. This
he declined to do, and the volume was published in 1895 by G.
he declined to do, and the volume was published in 1895 by G.
Putnam's Sons, London and New York.<ref>J. Ransom, Short History of The Theosophical Society, p. 294.</ref>
Putnam's Sons, London and New York.<ref>J. Ransom, ''Short History of The Theosophical Society'', p. 294.</ref>


Old Diary Leaves, in spite of many shortcomings and errors,
''Old Diary Leaves'', in spite of many shortcomings and errors,
must be considered Col. Olcott’s magnum opus. Without this work,
must be considered Col. Olcott’s ''magnum opus''. Without this work,
little would have been known of the history of the Theosophical
little would have been known of the history of the Theosophical
Society. Most of the text was written several years after the events
Society. Most of the text was written several years after the events
described, but on the basis of his personal Diaries, now in the {{Page aside|517}}Adyar Archives. Volume One, however, was largely written from
described, but on the basis of his personal ''Diaries'', now in the {{Page aside|517}}Adyar Archives. Volume One, however, was largely written from
memory as his Diaries for the period of 1874-78 had mysteriously
memory as his ''Diaries'' for the period of 1874-78 had mysteriously
vanished. Nevertheless, the first volume remains the most important
vanished. Nevertheless, the first volume remains the most important
and well written of them all.
and well written of them all.
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“’I know now, and it will comfort you to hear it; that I
“’I know now, and it will comfort you to hear it; that I
wronged Judge, not wilfully or in malice; nevertheless, I have
wronged Judge, not wilfully or in malice; nevertheless, I have
done this and I regret it.’ ...”<ref>The Word, New York, Vol. XXII, October, 1915, pp. 7-19, where an anonymous account was published under the title of “Colonel Olcott: A Reminiscence.”</ref>
done this and I regret it.’ ...”<ref>''The Word'', New York, Vol. XXII, October, 1915, pp. 7-19, where an anonymous account was published under the title of “Colonel Olcott: A Reminiscence.”</ref>


On September 25, Olcott embarked for India. When the ship
On September 25, Olcott embarked for India. When the ship
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their right to a Buddhist education, and renewed their national
their right to a Buddhist education, and renewed their national
consciousness which today has created a new and independent
consciousness which today has created a new and independent
nation.<ref>New York Herald Tribune, February 18, 1962.</ref>
nation.<ref>New York ''Herald Tribune'', February 18, 1962.</ref>


Offering flowers and burning incense, thousands of Ceylonese meditate on this yearly occasion and pray:
Offering flowers and burning incense, thousands of Ceylonese meditate on this yearly occasion and pray:
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{{Vertical space|}}
{{Vertical space|}}


'''Owen, Robert Dale'''. Statesman, social reformer and author, b. at Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1801; d. at his Summer home on Lake George, N. Y., June 24, 1877. Eldest son of Robert Owen and Ann Caroline Dale. Mother was the daughter of David Dale, proprietor of the cottonmills at New Lanark, where Robert Owen was beginning to put into practice his theory of social reform. Almost the whole of Robert Dale Owen’s life was spent in the U.S., and was shaped by his father’s influence. Possessed of much of his father’s gift for original and liberal thought in social matters, he added to it a practicality and patience all his own. Instructed in New Lanark school and by private tutors until the age of eighteen when for four years he attended the progressive {{Page aside|519}}institution of Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg, at Hofwyl, Switzerland, where his beliefs in human virtue and social progress were strengthened. Upon returning to his father’s cottonmill community, he took charge of the school and managed the factories in his father’s absence. Came to the U.S. with his father, November, 1825, where Robert Owen established a community at New Harmony, Ind., as an experiment in social reform. Robert Dale busied himself with teaching and editing the New Harmony Gazette. After the experiment failed, in the Spring of 1827, he became interested in another somewhat similar venture, the Nashoba (near Memphis, Tenn.) community founded by Frances Wright and devoted to the gradual emancipation of slaves. He went to Europe with her, meeting a number of prominent personalities. Back in the U.S., he engaged for about two years in the work of the “Free Enquirers,” a group opposed to organized religion and advocating liberal divorce laws, industrial education and a more equal distribution of wealth. In June, 1829, he moved to New York and devoted much of his time to editing the Free Enquirer; he took active part in various social and industrial reforms, meeting some degree of success as well as many obstacles. The work which he did in New York, promoting lectures, educational and health centers, and free-thinking publications, corresponded closely to the activities of his father, whom he joined in England in 1832. For a while, father and son were co-editors of The Crisis, but Robert Dale soon returned to New Harmony and began a different cycle in his varied life. He served three terms in the Indiana legislature (183638) and was elected to Congress in 1842 as a Democrat, serving two terms (1843-47), but was defeated for a third. In 1845 he introduced the bill under which the Smithsonian Institution was constituted and insisted that the work of the Institution should include popular dissemination of knowledge as well as investigation. In 1853, President Pierce appointed Robert Dale Owen charge d’affaire at Naples, and two years later made him minister. It was in Italy that Owen became seriously interested in Spiritualism, publishing later his two works on this subject: Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World (1860), and The Debatable Land between This World and the Next (1872).
'''{{Style S-Small capitals|Owen, Robert Dale}}'''. Statesman, social reformer and author, b. at Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 9, 1801; d. at his Summer home on Lake George, N. Y., June 24, 1877. Eldest son of Robert Owen and Ann Caroline Dale. Mother was the daughter of David Dale, proprietor of the cottonmills at New Lanark, where Robert Owen was beginning to put into practice his theory of social reform. Almost the whole of Robert Dale Owen’s life was spent in the U.S., and was shaped by his father’s influence. Possessed of much of his father’s gift for original and liberal thought in social matters, he added to it a practicality and patience all his own. Instructed in New Lanark school and by private tutors until the age of eighteen when for four years he attended the progressive {{Page aside|519}}institution of Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg, at Hofwyl, Switzerland, where his beliefs in human virtue and social progress were strengthened. Upon returning to his father’s cottonmill community, he took charge of the school and managed the factories in his father’s absence. Came to the U.S. with his father, November, 1825, where Robert Owen established a community at New Harmony, Ind., as an experiment in social reform. Robert Dale busied himself with teaching and editing the New Harmony Gazette. After the experiment failed, in the Spring of 1827, he became interested in another somewhat similar venture, the Nashoba (near Memphis, Tenn.) community founded by Frances Wright and devoted to the gradual emancipation of slaves. He went to Europe with her, meeting a number of prominent personalities. Back in the U.S., he engaged for about two years in the work of the “Free Enquirers,” a group opposed to organized religion and advocating liberal divorce laws, industrial education and a more equal distribution of wealth. In June, 1829, he moved to New York and devoted much of his time to editing the Free Enquirer; he took active part in various social and industrial reforms, meeting some degree of success as well as many obstacles. The work which he did in New York, promoting lectures, educational and health centers, and free-thinking publications, corresponded closely to the activities of his father, whom he joined in England in 1832. For a while, father and son were co-editors of The Crisis, but Robert Dale soon returned to New Harmony and began a different cycle in his varied life. He served three terms in the Indiana legislature (183638) and was elected to Congress in 1842 as a Democrat, serving two terms (1843-47), but was defeated for a third. In 1845 he introduced the bill under which the Smithsonian Institution was constituted and insisted that the work of the Institution should include popular dissemination of knowledge as well as investigation. In 1853, President Pierce appointed Robert Dale Owen charge d’affaire at Naples, and two years later made him minister. It was in Italy that Owen became seriously interested in Spiritualism, publishing later his two works on this subject: Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World (1860), and The Debatable Land between This World and the Next (1872).


When Owen returned to America in 1858, he became one of the leading advocates of emancipation. His letter to the President, dated Sept. 17, 1862, published with letters to Chase and Stanton in a pamphlet, The Policy of Emancipation (1863), was credited by Secretary Chase with having “had more influence on him {{Page aside|520}}[Lincoln] than any other document which reached him on the subject.” In 1863, Owen was appointed chairman of a Committee to investigate the conditions of the freedman, out of which study grew his volume, The Wrong of Slavery (1864), an understanding treatment of the whole problem. Owen was opposed to the immediate enfranchisement of the Negro, advocating a plan whereby the suffrage should be granted freedmen after a period of ten years.
When Owen returned to America in 1858, he became one of the leading advocates of emancipation. His letter to the President, dated Sept. 17, 1862, published with letters to Chase and Stanton in a pamphlet, The Policy of Emancipation (1863), was credited by Secretary Chase with having “had more influence on him {{Page aside|520}}[Lincoln] than any other document which reached him on the subject.” In 1863, Owen was appointed chairman of a Committee to investigate the conditions of the freedman, out of which study grew his volume, The Wrong of Slavery (1864), an understanding treatment of the whole problem. Owen was opposed to the immediate enfranchisement of the Negro, advocating a plan whereby the suffrage should be granted freedmen after a period of ten years.
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