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Consult also: C.J. von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Freiburg i. B., 1855-74; Seiters, Bonifacius, der Apostel der Deutschen, Mainz, 1845.
Consult also: C.J. von Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Freiburg i. B., 1855-74; Seiters, Bonifacius, der Apostel der Deutschen, Mainz, 1845.
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'''Addison, Joseph'''. English essayist, poet and politician, b. in his father’s rectory of Milston in Wiltshire, May 1, 1672; d. June 17, 1719. After attending several schools, entered Queen’s College, Oxford, at the age of fifteen. Most skilful in writing Latin poems for which he received various distinctions. Travelled on the Continent, 1699-1703. The next ten years of his life were spent in government service and in writing various essays in {{Page aside|411}}defence of the Whigs. He is best known for his daily paper called the Spectator, which ran for about two years and in which he wrote a large number of essays in faultless English. On the accession of George I, Addison was appointed secretary to the lords justices entrusted provisionally with the conduct of the government; he then became chief secretary for Ireland. He was later one of the commissioners for trade and the colonies.
A complete edition of Addison’s works is included in Bohn’s British Classics. It is not definitely known what particular essay or article of Addison’s H. P. B. quotes from.
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'''Albizzi, Francesco (1593-1684)'''. Italian Cardinal, of a noble family from Cesana. At first a married man and celebrated as an attorney; had several children. After becoming widower, settled in Rome and took orders. Worked in Naples and Spain, as assessor of the Sacred Office, 1635. Accompanied Cardinal Ginetti, 1636, on a mediation embassy to the Congress of Cologne, which was supposed to end the thirty-years war. Seeing no results, asked to be recalled, October, 1637. Became secretary of the Irish Congregation. Strongly opposed Jansenism and took part in the conflict between them and the Jesuits. Became Cardinal, 1654. Lacking diplomacy in action, he was of a petulant character and most suited for legal affairs. Wrote several legal works.
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'''Allen, Charles Grant Blairfindie'''. Canadian novelist, philosopher and scientific writer, b. at Alwington, Kingston, Canada, Feb. 24, 1848; d. at Hindhead, Oct. 25, 1899. Educated in Merton College, Oxford; grad. B.A., 1871. As a boy he had been interested in birds and flowers, and had carried his scientific interests so far as to have formed, during his stay in Jamaica, an evolutionary system of philosophy of his own. Especially renowned for his clear exposition of the Darwinian theories. Wrote a large number of articles for various periodicals. Among his works should be mentioned: The Evolutionist At Large, 1881; Vignettes from Nature, 1881; Colours of Flowers, 1882; Charles Darwin, 1885; (in English Worthies, ed. by Lang).
It is not certain what particular work of his H. P. B. quotes from.
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'''Amadeus of Portugal'''. Actually Joao Mendes de Silva, son of a Portugal nobleman, Rodrigo de Silva, b. about 1420; d. at Milan, Aug. 10, 1482. After a brief period of married life, entered his religious life in the Hieronymite monastery of Notre-Dame de Guadalupe (Spain), remaining there ten years. Desirous of joining the Franciscans, he went to Italy, where, after some delay, he was received into the Order, 1455. Living in various places, chiefly in Milan, attracted attention by his virtue and alleged miracles. Under the protection of the Archbishop of Milan, established convent of Notre-Dame de la Paix, 1469, which became {{Page aside|412}}the centre of a Franciscan reform, intended to carry out the rules of St. Francis in all severity. The head of the Order, Francesco della Rovere, later Pope Sixtus IV, extended his protection to Amadeus. Other foundations were made in various parts of Italy, one in Rome, where the Pope established him at S. Pietro in Montorio, and made Amadeus his confessor. Supernatural favours supposedly obtained through his intercession aided in the spread of his reform movement, and the Bolland ists testify to the authenticity of the title “Blessed” bestowed upon him. Amadeus composed an as yet unpublished treatise, De revelationibus et prophetiis. After his death, the convents he founded continued for a while to form a distinct branch of the Franciscans; the friars were called the Amadeans or Amadists, with 28 houses throughout Italy. The Popes Julius II and Pius V suppressed them, uniting them, 1568, with other branches of the Order into one family of Friars Minor Observants.
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'''Ambrosius, Saint (340?-397)'''. *De fide ad Gratianum Augustum libri quinque. See H. von Hurter, Sanctorum Patrum opuscula selecta, etc., Vol. 30, 1874, etc.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Anugîtâ'''. The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugâtîya and the Anugîtâ. Translated by Kâshinâth Trimbak Telang . . . x, 442. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882. SBE 8. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. Pea. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H. BM. B.].— Vier philosophische Texte des Mahabharata (includes the Anugîtâ). German transi, by Dr. Paul Deussen and Dr. Otto Strauss. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1906. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H.].
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'''Arnold, Sir Edwin (1832-1904)'''. *The Light of Asia, or the Great Renunciation (Mahâbhinishkramana). London: Triibner & Co., 1879. Many later editions.
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'''Babinet, Jacques'''. French physicist, b. at Lusignan, March 5, 1794; d. Oct. 21, 1872. Studied at Lycée Napoléon, where Binet was responsible for turning his mind away from law and into the field of science; entered then the École Polytechnique. Joined the artillery for a short time. Resigned at the Restoration, and became prof, of physics at the Lycée Saint-Louis. Taught meteorology at the Athénée, 1825-28, then held a chair at the Collège de France, 1838. Elected to the Academy of Sciences, 1840. Perfected the pneumatic machine, the atmometer and the hygrometer. Engaged in journalism also, and was known for his popular presentation of science. Chief work: Résumé complet de la physique, Paris, 1825.
H. P. B. refers to his article in Revue des Deux Mondes, May, 1855.
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'''Besant, Walter (1836-1901)'''. *Herr Paulus: his rise, his greatness, and his fall. A Novel. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888. 3 vols. 8vo.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Bhagavad-Gîtâ'''. See Oriental Bibliography in Volume V of the present Series for comprehensive data concerning various editions of this work.
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'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Bhagavata-purana'''. For data on various editions of this work, vide Bio-Bibliographical Index in Volume IX of the present Series.
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'''Bianchini, Francesco Giuseppe'''. Italian historian, astronomer and antiquary, b. at Verona, Dec. 13, 1662; d. at Rome, March 2, 1729. Studied mathematics, physics and astronomy, and in later years theology. Advanced to deaconship, 1669. Became, 1684, custodian of the library of his protector, Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, later Pope Alexander VIII. Received many honours and commissions of trust from succeeding Popes. Elected head of a society for the study of historical antiquities, 1703, and served on the Committee for reform of the calendar. The Univ, of Oxford furnished his expenses during sojourn in England. Benedict XIII appointed him historiographer of the Synod held at the Lateran, 1725. Works: A Solution of the Paschal Problem, Rome, 1703.— Istoria Universale, Rome, 1697, only one vol. of which appeared.— De Calendario et Cyclo Caesaris, Rome, 1703.—Hesperi et Phosphori nova Phaenomena, Rome, 1729, in which he stated that Venus rotated in 24-and-a-third days.
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