Zirkoff B. - Appendix (BCW vol.10): Difference between revisions

'''Albizzi, Francesco (1593-1684)'''. Italian Cardinal, of a noble family from Cesana. At first a married man and celebrated as an attorney; had several children. After becoming widower, settled in Rome and took orders. Worked in Naples and Spain, as assessor of the Sacred Office, 1635. Accompanied Cardinal Ginetti, 1636, on a mediation embassy to the Congress of Cologne, which was supposed to end the thirty-years war. Seeing no results, asked to be recalled, October, 1637. Became secretary of the Irish Congregation. Strongly opposed Jansenism and took part in the conflict between them and the Jesuits. Became Cardinal, 1654. Lacking diplomacy in action, he was of a petulant character and most suited for legal affairs. Wrote several legal works.

'''Allen, Charles Grant Blairfindie'''. Canadian novelist, philosopher and scientific writer, b. at Alwington, Kingston, Canada, Feb. 24, 1848; d. at Hindhead, Oct. 25, 1899. Educated in Merton College, Oxford; grad. B.A., 1871. As a boy he had been interested in birds and flowers, and had carried his scientific interests so far as to have formed, during his stay in Jamaica, an evolutionary system of philosophy of his own. Especially renowned for his clear exposition of the Darwinian theories. Wrote a large number of articles for various periodicals. Among his works should be mentioned: The Evolutionist At Large, 1881; Vignettes from Nature, 1881; Colours of Flowers, 1882; Charles Darwin, 1885; (in English Worthies, ed. by Lang).

'''Amadeus of Portugal'''. Actually Joao Mendes de Silva, son of a Portugal nobleman, Rodrigo de Silva, b. about 1420; d. at Milan, Aug. 10, 1482. After a brief period of married life, entered his religious life in the Hieronymite monastery of Notre-Dame de Guadalupe (Spain), remaining there ten years. Desirous of joining the Franciscans, he went to Italy, where, after some delay, he was received into the Order, 1455. Living in various places, chiefly in Milan, attracted attention by his virtue and alleged miracles. Under the protection of the Archbishop of Milan, established convent of Notre-Dame de la Paix, 1469, which became {{Page aside|412}}the centre of a Franciscan reform, intended to carry out the rules of St. Francis in all severity. The head of the Order, Francesco della Rovere, later Pope Sixtus IV, extended his protection to Amadeus. Other foundations were made in various parts of Italy, one in Rome, where the Pope established him at S. Pietro in Montorio, and made Amadeus his confessor. Supernatural favours supposedly obtained through his intercession aided in the spread of his reform movement, and the Bolland ists testify to the authenticity of the title “Blessed” bestowed upon him. Amadeus composed an as yet unpublished treatise, De revelationibus et prophetiis. After his death, the convents he founded continued for a while to form a distinct branch of the Franciscans; the friars were called the Amadeans or Amadists, with 28 houses throughout Italy. The Popes Julius II and Pius V suppressed them, uniting them, 1568, with other branches of the Order into one family of Friars Minor Observants.

'''Ambrosius, Saint (340?-397)'''. *De fide ad Gratianum Augustum libri quinque. See H. von Hurter, Sanctorum Patrum opuscula selecta, etc., Vol. 30, 1874, etc.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Anugîtâ'''. The Bhagavadgîtâ with the Sanatsugâtîya and the Anugîtâ. Translated by Kâshinâth Trimbak Telang . . . x, 442. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882. SBE 8. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. Pea. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H. BM. B.].— Vier philosophische Texte des Mahabharata (includes the Anugîtâ). German transi, by Dr. Paul Deussen and Dr. Otto Strauss. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1906. [Y. C. NYP. JHU. UP. Cong. P. Cl. Ch. H.].

'''Arnold, Sir Edwin (1832-1904)'''. *The Light of Asia, or the Great Renunciation (Mahâbhinishkramana). London: Triibner & Co., 1879. Many later editions.

'''Babinet, Jacques'''. French physicist, b. at Lusignan, March 5, 1794; d. Oct. 21, 1872. Studied at Lycée Napoléon, where Binet was responsible for turning his mind away from law and into the field of science; entered then the École Polytechnique. Joined the artillery for a short time. Resigned at the Restoration, and became prof, of physics at the Lycée Saint-Louis. Taught meteorology at the Athénée, 1825-28, then held a chair at the Collège de France, 1838. Elected to the Academy of Sciences, 1840. Perfected the pneumatic machine, the atmometer and the hygrometer. Engaged in journalism also, and was known for his popular presentation of science. Chief work: Résumé complet de la physique, Paris, 1825.

H. P. B. refers to his article in Revue des Deux Mondes, May, 1855.

'''Besant, Walter (1836-1901)'''. *Herr Paulus: his rise, his greatness, and his fall. A Novel. London: Chatto & Windus, 1888. 3 vols. 8vo.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Bhagavad-Gîtâ'''. See Oriental Bibliography in Volume V of the present Series for comprehensive data concerning various editions of this work.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Bhagavata-purana'''. For data on various editions of this work, vide Bio-Bibliographical Index in Volume IX of the present Series.

'''Bianchini, Francesco Giuseppe'''. Italian historian, astronomer and antiquary, b. at Verona, Dec. 13, 1662; d. at Rome, March 2, 1729. Studied mathematics, physics and astronomy, and in later years theology. Advanced to deaconship, 1669. Became, 1684, custodian of the library of his protector, Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, later Pope Alexander VIII. Received many honours and commissions of trust from succeeding Popes. Elected head of a society for the study of historical antiquities, 1703, and served on the Committee for reform of the calendar. The Univ, of Oxford furnished his expenses during sojourn in England. Benedict XIII appointed him historiographer of the Synod held at the Lateran, 1725. Works: A Solution of the Paschal Problem, Rome, 1703.—Istoria Universale, Rome, 1697, only one vol. of which appeared.—De Calendario et Cyclo Caesaris, Rome, 1703.—Hesperi et Phosphori nova Phaenomena, Rome, 1729, in which he stated that Venus rotated in 24-and-a-third days.

'''Blavatsky, H. P. (1831-1891)'''. *First Draft of The Secret Doctrine, 1886.—*“The Secret Doctrine, Vol. Ill,” 1897.—*The Key to Theosophy. First edition, London, 1889.—*Iz peshcher i debrey Indostana (From the Caves and Jungles of Hindostán), in Russkiy Vestnik (Russian Messenger), 1883, 1885-86.

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Book of Common Prayer.'''

'''<nowiki>*</nowiki>Book of the Dead'''. The conventional title given to collections of funerary texts (spells, incantations, hymns, invocations, litanies) which were during a period of at least 5,000 years cut or painted on walls of pyramids and tombs in Egypt, and painted on coffins and rolls of papyri. The earliest texts, ascribed to Thoth and directly connected with him, are—according to documents of the Xlth and XVIIth dynasties—entitled “Reu nu pert em hru” which means “Chapters of the Coming Forth [into] the Day.” During subsequent periods many additions were made, until under the XVIIIth dynasty the collection comprised nearly 200 distinct compositions, sayings or “chapters.”

There are three recensions of the Book of the Dead {Das Totenbuch, in German; Le Livre des Morts, in French): 1) The Heliopolitan recension, i.e., the texts inscribed in hieroglyphics upon the walls and chambers of the Pyramids during the Vth and Vlth dynasties, and the texts written in cursive hieroglyphics upon coffins of the {{Page aside|414}}Xlth and Xllth dynasties. This recension is in accordance with the views held by the priests of Heliopolis ; 2) The Theban recension, i.e., the texts written in hieroglyphics upon coffins and papyri from the XVIIIth to the XXIInd dynasties; and in hieratic characters upon papyri during the XXIst and XXIInd dynasties. Chiefly copied for the priests at Thebes and their families; 3) Saite (Saite-Ptolemaic) recension, i.e., texts written upon papyri and coffins in hieroglyphic, hieratic or demotic characters, from the XXVIth dynasty down to the Graeco-Roman period. This recension was in all probability supervised by the priests of Sais.

The title “Book of the Dead” is a translation of the Arabic “Kitâb al-Maggitun,” under which name any papyrus roll found with the mummies was sold by the Egyptian tomb-robbers.

Per-M-Hru. Das Todtenbuch der Aegypter naeh dem hieroglyphischen Papyrus in Turin, etc., Richard Lepsius, Leipzig, 1842, 4to.—Das Aegyptische Todtenbuch der XVIII bis XX Dynastie. Edited from various sources by E. Naville, Berlin, 1886, fol., 3 vols.—Chapitres supplémentaires du Livre des Morts, 162, 163, 163 (164-174). Translated and with Commentary by W. Pleyte, Leyden, 1881, 8vo., 3 pts.—Le Livre des Morts des Anciens Égyptiens. Complete translation of the Turin Papyrus and the Louvre MSS. With Notes and an analytical Index. P. Pierret, Paris, 1882. (In Vol. XXXIII of the Bibliothèque Orientale Elzévirienne.)—Le Papyrus de Neb-Qed, exemplaire hiéroglyphique du Livre des Morts. Edited and with a Mythological Introduction by Théodule Devéria. Translation of text by P. Pierret. Paris, A. Franck (F. Vieweg), 1872. Coloured Plates.—Grammaire Égyptienne, ou principes généraux de récriture sacrée Égyptienne, etc. Edited with a Preface by J. J. Champollion-Figeac, Paris, 1836, fol.—Facsimiles of two Papyri found in a tomb at Thebes. With a transi, by Samuel Birch, and an account of their discovery by A. H. Rhind. London, 1863.—Book of the Dead. A translation with Comm, of the 2nd and following chapters by P. Ie Page Renouf, Proceedings, Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vols. 14-19, 1892-97.—Le Pire-em-hrou, Chabas, in Compte rendu of the Oriental Congress, Vol. I, Paris, 1876, pp. 37 ff.—The Book of the Dead. Facsimile of the Papyrus of Ani in the British Museum. Edited by E. A. Wallis Budge and with an Introd, by P. Ie Page Renouf, London, 1890, fol.; 2nd ed. 1894.—Ditto, but with interlinear transliteration and translation, introd., etc. by Budge, London, 1895, 4to; also 1913.—The Book of the Dead. The Chapters of Coming Forth by Day. The Egyptian text according to the Theban recension in hieroglyphic, edited from numerous papyri, with a translation, vocabulary, etc., by E. A. Wallis Budge. London, 1898 [1897], 3 Vols., 8vo. Plates.—{{Page aside|415}}The Book of the Dead. An English translation of the Chapters, Hymns, etc., of the Theban Recension, with Introd., Notes, etc., by E. A. Wallis Budge. With 22 Plates and 420 vignettes. London, 1909-11, 3 Vols. [Books on Egypt and Chaldaea Series.]; 2nd rev. and enl. ed., 1910; 2nd impression thereof, 1923; 3rd impression, in one volume, 1928.

H. P. B. used on numerous occasions, especially for Isis Unveiled, portions of the translation by Samuel Birch, as published in Bunsen’s Egypt’s Place in Universal History, Engl, transl., London, 1848-67, in 5 Vols.

'''Braithwaite, W. M.''' *“St. George for Merry England,” Masonic Monthly, No. 2.

Works: Die Reichert der i^eit, 1855.—The Church of the Future. Engl, ed., 1847.—*Aegypten’s Stelle in der Weltgeschichte. 5 vols. Hamburg: Gotha, 1845-57. 8vo.; Engl. tr. as Egypt’s Place in Universal History. Tr. by C. H. Cottrell. With additions by S. Birch. 5 Vols. London, 1848-67. 8vo; 2nd ed., Vol. I, London, 1867.—Memoirs, publ. in 1868, and containing much of his private correspondence.